初中复合句与简单句转换.doc

一用“及物动词+不定式”结构可以将含有that引导的某些宾语从句的复合句转换成简单句。例如：1. He decided that he would buy a digital camera online.He decided to buy a digital camera online.2. We hoped that we would come back soon.We hoped to come back soon.3. I expect that I shall finish my work by this Sunday.I expect to finish my work by this Sunday.二用“疑问词+不定式“结构可以将某些含有连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句转换简单句。例如：1. I dont know which one I can buy .I dont know which one to buy.2. We wonder where well go this Sunday.We wonder where to go this Sunday.3. Could you please teach me how I can search the Internet?Could you please teach me how to search the Internet?三用“tooto”结构可以将含有sothat引导的结果语从句(否定)的复合句转成简单句。如：1. The boy is so young that he cant look after himself.The boy is too young to look after himself.2. The question is so difficult that I cant answer it .The question is too difficult for me to answer.四用“enough +不定式”结构可以将含有so that 引导的结果状语从句（肯定）的复合句转变为简单句。例如：1. The girl is so tall that she can reach the apples on the tree.The girl is tall enough to reach the apples on the tree.2. This hall is so large that it can hold 2000 people.This hall is large enough to hold 2000 people.3. The table was so light that the little boy can carry it.The table was light enough for the little boy to carry.五用“happen + 不定式”或“seem +不定式”结构可以分别将“It happens that”和“It seems that ”等含有主语从句的复合句转换为简单句。例如：1. It happened that the teacher saw him playing in class.The teacher happened to see him playing in class.2. It seemed that sharks have been on the earth for thousands of years .Sharks seemed to have been on the earth for thousands of years.3. It seemed that this camera offered the most at the best price.This camera seemed to offer the most at the best price.六用“in order +不定式”或“so as +不定式”结构可以将含有so that 引导的目的状语从句的复合句转换为简单句。如：1. She decided to buy a camera online so that she could receive it soon.She decided to buy a camera online in order to receive it soon.She decided to buy a camera online so as to receive it soon.2. I went over my composition again and again so that I couldnt make any mistakes.I went over my composition again and again in order not to make any mistakes.I went over my composition again and again so as not to make any mistakes.3. Miyoko bought a camera so that she could take pictures in Beijing.Miyoko bought a camera in order to take pictures in Beijing.Miyoko bought a camera so as to take pictures in Beijing.七在某些作表语的形容词后面加不定式可以将某些含有状语从句的复合句转变成简单句。例如：1. I was glad when I heard the good news .I was glad to hear the good news.2. Toms parents were very surprised as they knew all about it.Toms parents were very surprised to know all about it.八。祈使句+or+简单句可转换为if引导的否定的条件句+主句的句型；祈使句+and+简单句可转换为if引导的肯定的条件句+主句的句型。例如： 1. Be brave, or youll lose your chance. If you arent brave, youll lose your chance.2. Come on, or well miss the early bus. If we dont hurry, well miss the early bus.九 定语从句的主从句缩略为简单句为了使表达言简意赅，英语中常用一定的语法手段把句子简缩。定语从句简缩成单词或短语就是其中常见的一种现象。1在主动式定语从句中，如关系代词作从句的主语，谓语是一个行为动词，这时从句常缩略为一个现在分词短语。如： The man who is walking along the street comes from our company.The man walking along the street comes from our company. This lens produces rays which converge towards a point. This lens produces rays converging towards a point. 如果从句的谓语动词后没有作状语的介词短语，由该动词变成的现在分词常置于所修饰的词之前。如： This lens produces rays which converge . This lens produces converging rays. The countries which are developing should get united. The developing countries should get united.把定语从句简缩为现在分词短语有以下几种情况：（1）从句的谓语和主句的谓语所表达的时间要一致。如：We used to live in the house which faced south. We used to live in the house facing south. （2）从句的谓语动词是进行时态。如：Come tomorrow and show your visa to the man who will be sitting at that desk. Come tomorrow and show your visa to the man sitting at that desk. （3）从句和主句的谓语所表达的时间都是泛指。如：China is a developing socialist country which belongs to the third world. China is a developing socialist country belonging to the third world. （4）从句谓语动词的动作一发生，主句谓语动词的动作紧接着发生。如：The man who stole into the room was caught immediately on the spot. The man stealing the room was caught immediately on the spot.（5）从句谓语动词的动作可发生在主句谓语动词的动作这前。如：Can you catch the bus which will leave at 8 this morning? Can you catch the bus leaving at 8 this morning? 2在定语从句中，如从句的谓语动词是系动词be 的一般现在时或一般过去时，表语是介词短语、形容词短语或名词短语，该从句可以缩略成介词短语、形容词短语或名词短语，作后置定语。如： We saw the glasses that were on the table fall off onto the floor. We saw the glasses on the table fall off onto the floor. China is country which is rich in resources. China is country rich in resources. They had to fetch water from a well which was a mile away from the village. They had to fetch water from a well a mile away from the village. 如果定语从句仅有一个案形容词作表语，从句简缩后，该形容词的位置由其性质而定：若是表语形容词，应放在所修饰的词之后。如：All those who are present are from the north. All those present are from the north. 若是定语形容词，则应置于所修饰的词之前。如：I want the flower which is red. I want the red flower. 3如定语从句中的谓语动词有表示程度、方式等副词作状语，可把从句缩略为“副词+ 现在分词”结构作定语，置于所修饰的词前面。副词和现在分词用连字符连起来。如： The peasants who work hard deserve such rewards. The hard-working peasants deserve such rewards. This is a river which flows fast. This is a fast-flowing river.4如定语从句中的及物动词带有一个普通名词作宾语，可把从句缩略为“名词+ 现在分词”结构作前置定语。名词和现在分词用连字符连结起来。如：The south of Jiangsu is an area which grows rice. The south of Jiangsu is a rice-growing area. Malaysia is a country which produces rubber. Malaysia is a rubber-producing country. 5一系列定语从句形容词在定语从句中作表语时，从句可缩略成并列形容词短语作前置定语。如： A person who is gentle, lovable and familiar is always easy to get along with. A gentle, lovable and familiar person is always easy to get along with. Marxism is a science which is living and developing. Marxism is a living and developing science. 6如定语从句中的谓语动词与所修饰的词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，从句通常可以缩略成不定式短语，放在所修饰的词之后置定语。如：He is a good person with whom you can work. He is a good person to work with. 7根据名词或名词短语可作定语的原则，可以把定语从句缩略成名词或名词短语，用于修饰另一个名词。如：a house which stands on a corner a corner house ; a ruler which measures 50 centimeters a 50 centimeters ruler ; a garden which is full of flowers a flower garden; a factory which makes small cars a small-car factory 8如定语从句中的谓语动词have 表示“有”的含义，从句可缩略成with 短语作后置定语，也可以缩略成“清凉油能+ ed”作前置定语。如：people who have money people with money 或moneyed people ; a girl who has blue eyes a girl with blue eyes 或a blue-eyed girl 主动式定语从句在以下几种情况下不通简缩：（1）从句谓语动词的动作发生在主句谓语动词的动作之前（两个动作紧接着发生的情况除外）。如：The man who gave us a lecture has left for Shanghai. （2）从句中含有完成时态。如：Those who have done the work may go now. （3）从句中含有情态动词。如：Do you know the woman who can speak four foreign languages? （4）从句与所修饰的先行词被其它成分隔开。如：Not a single book can be found which has something to do with the subject. （5）从句与所修饰的先行词之间有插入成分。如：“Here is the man,”he said, “who sells newspapers.”十 含状语从句的复合句转换成简单句即将状语从句转换成状语短语。如：He cant come because he is ill. 他因病不能来。He cant come because of his illness. 他因病不能来。Turn off the light before you leave. 离开前请关灯。Turn off the light before leaving. 离开前请关灯。He went home after he finished his work. 他做完工作后就回家了。He went home after finishing his work. 他做完工作后就回家了。He was so angry that he couldnt speak. 他气得话都说不出来。He was too angry too speak. 他气得话都说不出来。He studied hard in order that he could pass the exam. 他努力学习以便能考及格。He studied hard in order to pass the exam. 他努力学习以便能考及格。 专题练习将复合句改为简单句1. I hope that I will hear from you soon. I hope _ _ from you soon.2. I wonder how I can go there.I wonder _ _go there.3. When and where they should build a new power station is a difficult problem for them.When and where _ _ a new power station is a difficult problem for them.4. The teacher who is wearing glasses teaches us English.The teacher _ glasses teaches us English.5. My father got up early so that he could catch the first bus.My father got up early _ _ _ catch the first bus.6. The girl is so short that she cannot be a model.The girl is _ short _ be a model.7. Do you mind if I smoke here ?Do you mind _ _ here ?8. The girl who is dancing on the stage is my sister.The girl _ on the stage is my sister.9. I think it important that middle school students should learn English.I think it _ _ middle school students _ learn English.10. I feel that it is dangerous to play with fire.I feel _ _ to play with fire.11. Marx found that it was necessary to study Russia.Marx found_ _ _ study Russia.12. After his father died, he left his home town.He left his home town after the _ _his father.13. Dont forget to turn off the gas before you leave the kitchen.Dont forget to turn off the gas _ _ the kitchen.15. She wont go to see the play because she has lost her ticket.She wont go to see the play _ _losing her ticket.16. She went for a walk after she had supper.She went for a walk _ _.17. I could swim when I was eight years old. I could swim_ _ _ of eight.18. He was late for school because it rained heavily.He was late for school _ _ the _ rain.19. I dont know how I can answer the question.I dont know _ _ _ the question.20. Please tell me what I should do first.Please tell me _ _ _ first.21. He is so young that he cant join the army.He is _ _ _ join the army.22. She works so hard that she can pass the exam.She works _ _ to pass the exam.23. If you use your head, youll find a way. _ your _, _ youll find a way. 24. If you dont work hard, you wont pass the exam._ _, _ you wont pass the exam.25. The box is so heavy that we cant carry it.The box is _ _ _ us to carry.26. The problem is so easy that I can work it out.The problem is _ _ _me _ work out.27. I cant pass the exam if you dont help me.I cant pass the exam _your _.28. I saw that he was playing computer games.I saw _ _ computer games.29. She heard that the boy cried all night.She heard the boy _ all night.30. It seemed that he would catch up with others.He seemed _ _ up with others.将简单句改为复合句1. The problem is too difficult for us to work out. The problem is _ _ that we _ work it out.2. Hurry up, or youll be late for the party. _ you _ hurry up, youll be late for the party.3. The tree is too tall for us to reach . The tree is _tall _ we cant reach_ .4. The teacher asked us to come earlier.The teacher asked us _ _ _ come earlier.5. The doctor put down the telephone , and hurried to Jims home._ the doctor put down the telephone, he went to Jims home as _ as possible.6. Dont play basketball here, or you may break the window. _ _ play basketball here, you may break the window.7. He came late because of the bad traffic.He came late _ the traffic was _ .8. He built a lab at the age of nine.He built a lab _ _ _ nine.9. I cant finish the work in time without your help .I cant finish the work if _ _ _ me . 10. The water was too dirty for us to drink.The water was _dirty that we _ drink _.11. At the end of the meeting his bag was lost. He couldnt find his bag _the meeting _over.12. The teacher told us to do the experiment. The teacher told us how _ _ _ the experiment.13. Could you tell me how to get to the station?Could you tell me _ _ _ get to the station?14. She likes pork a little, but she likes beef better.She _ beef _ _ pork.15. Mike is the tallest student in his school. _ _ in the school is taller than Mike. 一、运用同义词(组)进行转换用同义词或同义词组对原句中的某些词或词组进行替换，注意转换后的词或词组的词形变化要与句子其他成分相适应。如： 1. That day we could see flowers everywhere. That day we could see flowers _ and _ . 2. The teacher always takes good care of the children in the school. The teacher always _ _ the children well in the school. 3. Some of us are good at telling stories. Some of us _ _ in telling stories. 二、运用反义词(组)的否定式进行转换即用反义词或词组的否定式表达与原句相同的意思，主要考查学生对反义词、词组的积累和换位思维的能力。如： 1. Its clear that this visit is different from last time. Its clear that this visit is not the _ _ last time. 2. I think wealth is less important than health. I _ think wealth is _ important than health. 3. He lent some money to his friend. His friend _ some money _ him. 三、运用不同语态进行转换即运用主动语态与被动语态的变化来转换同义词，但此时要特别注意时态、情态动词一致性。如： 1. Everyone should give back his library books on time. Library books should _ _ on time. 2. It is widely accepted that more people use computers in the world today. Computers _ widely _ in the world today. 四、非延续性动词与延续性动词的相互转换即非延续性动词与延续性动词进行转换，此时往往会涉及时态的变化。如： 1. The manager left two hours ago. The manager has _ _ for two hours. 2. The film began five minutes ago. The film has been _ _ five minutes. 3. Mr Li joined the Party twenty years ago. Mr Li has _ _the Party for twenty years. 五、运用不同引语进行转换即将直接引语变为间接引语或将间接引语转换成直接引语。此时还要注意相关时态、人称、动词、状语等的相应变化。如： 1. “Ive found my wallet,” he said to me. He _ me that he _ found his wallet. 2. “Did you see her last week?” he said. He _ _ I had seen her last week . 3. He asked me where I had been these days.“Where _ _ _ these days?” he asked. 六、运用简单句与复合句之间的转换即将简单句变成同义的复合句或将复合句变成同义的简单句。如： 1. We didnt go out for a walk because it was raining. We didnt go out for a walk _ _ the rain. 2. He was so excited that he couldnt go to sleep. He was _ _ _ go to sleep. 3. Now I will show you how to do the work. Now I will show you how _ _ do the work. 4. You should put them back after you use them. You should put them back _ _ them. 5. She seems to be worried now. It _ that she _worried now. 七、运用并列句与复合句之间的转换即将并列句变成同义的复合句或将复合句变成同义的并列句。如： 1. Come on, or well miss the early bus. _ we _ hurry, well miss the early bus. 2. The man gave us a talk last week. Now he will give us another talk this week. The man _ gave us a talk last week _ give us another talk this week. 八、运用关联连词连接或合并句子即运用关联连词both.and，neither. nor，either.or， not only.but also，等将两个简单句合并为一个简单句。此时要注意的是，bothand连接两个主语时，谓语总是用复数，而neither. nor，either.or，not only. but also连接两个主语时，谓语动词通常应与靠近的主语保持一致。如： 1. Tom cant speak Japanese well and Jim cant, either. _ Tom _ Jim can speak Japanese well. 2. Alice has read the book and Peter has read it, too. _ Alice _ Peter have read the book. 3. This store sells mens shoes, and it also sells mens clothes. This store sells _ _ mens shoes _ _ mens clothes. 九、利用某些典型句式或结构进行转换这类典型结构如sothat, tooto, enough to, notuntil, so do I等。如： 1. Jim wants to go boating and his parents want to go boating, too. Jim wants to go boating, and _ _ his parents. 2. John went to bed after he finished his homework. John_ go to bed _ he finished his homework. 同步训练第一组 1.Sue doesnt like pears , Ann doesnt like , either. _ _ them likes pears. 2.That group of foreign friends came here three years ago. That group of foreign friends _ _ here for three ago. 3.Jim came to school earlier than any other student. Jim is _ _ student to school in his class . 4.Linda prefers apples to pears . Linda _ apples _ _ pears. 5.John saw that she was playing under the tree. John saw _ _ under the tree. 6.Do you have time this afternoon ? _ you _ this afternoon ? 7.The workers built the bridge in 1998. The bridge _ _ in 1998. 8.Please take care of the baby while Im out. Please _ _ the baby while Im out. 9.Put up your hands if you have any questions. _ _ if you have any questions. 10.The teacher told us not to talk any more. The teacher told us to _ _. 11.Kate asked “Lucy , could you do something for me ,please ?” Kate asked Lucy _ _ could do something for me . 12.I like football as much as Bob. Bob likes football , and _ _ I. 13.If you dont hurry up , you wont be able to catch the early bus. Hurry up, _ youll _ the early bus. 14.Have you got a letter from Kate? Have you _ _ Kate ? 15.There was a strong wind last night . _ _ strongly last night . 16.All the clothes were either too small or too big for me. _ of the clothes were the right _ for me . 17.The worker cut the metal into pieces with the machine . The metal _ _ into pieces with the machine . 18. “put your things away ”Mrs King said to the twins. Mrs _ the twins to put _ things away. 19.Work hard , and you will catch up with your classmates. If you dont work hard , youll _ _ your classmates . 20.Man must do something to stop air pollution. Something must _ _ to stop air pollution. 21.He became a soldier three years ago. He _ _ in the army for three years. 22. “Where are you from ” I asked the foreigners . I asked the foreigners where _ _ from . 23.The rain was very heavy last night . It _ _ last night . 24.It took me an ho