缅甸和伊拉克是最慷慨的国家.doc

缅甸和伊拉克是最慷慨的国家Myanmar was for decades ruled by an oppressive military junta. However, since the country returned to democratic ways, things have changed. The Charities Aid Foundation (CAF) has just stated that Myanmar is home to the worlds most generous people. It is the third successive year for the country to achieve this accolade. The CAF World Giving Index found that 91 per cent of Myanmar residents gave money to charity in the past year, 62 per cent helped a stranger, and 55 per cent claimed they had volunteered. An economic adviser to Myanmars president said: The results demonstrate very sharply how a poor country can be a rich one through its generosity, by focusing on giving rather than getting. The report also found that people in Iraq are the kindest to strangers. Eight in 10 Iraqis are reported to have helped someone they dont know in the past year. The BBC commented on how significant this statistic was, given the turmoil Iraq has been in for years because of war. It stated that: It is the kindness of Iraqisto complete strangers in the face of years of conflict and terrible violence which stands out in the list. John Low, CEO of the Charities Aid Foundation, said: The generosity of people, even in countries suffering from disaster and turmoil, is truly humbling. He added: Unconditional gifts of time and money are a life-changing force for good in the world.1.oppressive adj.沉重的；压迫的This country still had a deeply oppressive, unequal and divisive political system.这个国家的政治体制依然残暴异常，缺少平等，四分五裂。2.generous adj.慷慨的，大方的Not everyone thinks that the government is being particularly generous.并非所有人都认为政府特别慷慨。3.successive adj.连续的，相继的Successive regimes annexed the region and populated it with lowland people.各继任政权吞并了该地区，并将低地的人们迁移到了这里。4.humbling adj.令人羞辱的The account of spiritual struggle that follows has a humbling and numinous power.之后关于精神挣扎的叙述有一种令人心生卑微之感的神秘力量。5.unconditional adj.无条件的，绝对的Children need unconditional love.孩子们需要无条件的爱。1.The results demonstrate very sharply how a poor country can be a rich one through its generosity, by focusing on giving rather than getting.rather than而不是Circumstances dictated that they played a defensive rather than attacking game.比赛形势决定了他们要打防守战而不是进攻战。2.It is the kindness of Iraqisto complete strangers in the face of years of conflict and terrible violence which stands out in the list.stand out突出；超群He played the violin, and he stood out from all the other musicians.他演奏了小提琴，把其他所有乐师都比了下去。几十年来，缅甸都由压迫性的军事集团统治。然而，自这个国家恢复民主制度以来，形势发生了变化。英国慈善救助基金会(CAF)认为，缅甸人是世界上最慷慨的人。这是这个国家连续第三年获得该荣誉。英国慈善救助基金会世界捐助指数发现，过去一年，91%的缅甸居民曾向慈善机构捐款，62%的人曾帮助过陌生人，55%的人宣称曾经做过志愿者工作。缅甸总统一名经济顾问表示：“该结果非常明确地显示，一个贫穷的国家变得富有是通过慷慨，通过捐赠，而不是通过索取达到的。”该报告还发现，伊拉克人民对陌生人是最友好的。过去的一年，八成的伊拉克人曾经帮助过陌生人。BBC评论称，考虑到过去几年战争导致伊拉克一直处于动乱状态，该统计数据具有非常重要的意义。BBC称：“面对过去多年的冲突和可怕的暴力仍然能够帮助陌生人，因此伊拉克人的友善才如此突出。”英国慈善救助基金会执行总裁约翰卢(Dr John Low)表示：“即使在遭遇灾难和动乱的国家，人们都如此慷慨，这让人感到自惭形秽。”他补充说：“无条件地奉献时间和金钱是让世界变得更好的动力。”印度志愿中心帮失学儿童重返校园Indian Centers Prepare School Dropouts for Return to ClassroomMillions of children in India drop out of school every year although enrollment at schools in the country is rising.To help dropout students, voluntary centers are training some of these children to return to school.At these centers, children learn to read and write so they can study what they have missed when they were out of school.One student, 8-year old Muskan Khatoon, is enrolled at a center in a poor neighborhood in New Delhi. Before going to the center, she had moved to a village after her father had an accident which put him out of work in the city. She dropped out of the village school after struggling with a common problem in rural areas: poor teaching.I did not get books, the teacher used to teach for two hours, then go home, she said.Because Muskan fell behind, she could not get into a regular school when she returned to New Delhi. There are millions of children in India like her. In 2014, nearly 20 percent of children did not complete primary education.Obstacles to educationSakshi is a teaching center that gives dropouts the skills they need to return to mainstream schools.Zuber Khan is Director at Sakshi. He says thousands of rural migrants are flowing into cities in search of jobs. He says they struggle to register their children in schools.Khan says that migrant families often come in the middle of the school year when school registration is closed. And they often do not have any proof of identification.There are other issues that keep children out of school although free primary education in India is now a right.Amina Jha teaches at the Sakshi center. She says many children stay at home to do housework and take care of brothers and sisters as both parents work.Especially girls. There are 19 children in my class who do not know the basic alphabet.To deal with this problem the centers sometimes permit children to come late after doing housework. They also provide them with food and books.Motivating parentsStudies show that many illiterate families do not understand the importance of education. Motivating parents, then, is important to keeping children in school.In the neighborhood in New Delhi, many children are registering in regular schools after a year of informal education. Jha says now parents are more willing to send children to the center.Children who used to play in the lanes now go to government schools. They wear uniforms. They know how to write, how to talk. That has made parents happy.Getting children into school is important for Indias future for many reasons. The country has the highest population of under 15-year-olds in the world.Im Phil Dierking.1.drop out of 退出；退学Hed dropped out of high school at the age of 16.他16岁的时候就从中学退学了。2.deal with 处理；解决When I worked in Florida I dealt with British people all the time.在佛罗里达工作时，我总与英国人有生意往来。3.get into 进入；陷入He was eager to get into politics.他渴望进入政界。4.rural area 农村地区Liaoning province has started the experimental unit job of pension system in the rural area.辽宁省开始了农村养老保险的试点探索工作。1.Before going to the center, she had moved to a village after her father had an accident which put him out of work in the city.out of work 失业；下岗He was out of work when the factory closed.他在工厂倒闭后失业了。He was out of work owing to a physical injury.他因为受伤而失业了。2.There are other issues that keep children out of school although free primary education in India is now a right.primary educatio 基础教育；初级教育In Sierra Leone, English is used as the medium of instruction for all primary education在塞拉利昂，基础教育阶段全部用英语授课。Britain did not introduce compulsory primary education until 1880.直到1880年，英国才开始实行初等义务教育。印度志愿中心帮失学儿童重返校园每年，印度有数百万儿童辍学，虽然印度的入学率有所上升。为帮助辍学儿童重返校园，志愿中心正在帮助其中一些孩子做培训。志愿中心教孩子们学习阅读和写作，弥补他们辍学期间错过的学习内容。8岁的Muskan Khatoon在新德里附近一个贫困地区的志愿中心上学。此前，她父亲发生了意外，丢掉了城里的工作，她与家人搬到农村生活。面对农村堪忧的教学质量，她几经挣扎后决定辍学了。印度志愿中心帮失学儿童重返校园.jpg她说，“我没有领到任何课本，老师经常教两个小时就放学了。”因为学习进度跟不上，Muskan回到新德里时无法进入正规学校就读。印度有数百万像她这样的学生。2014年，约20%的儿童完成小学课程。教育领域障碍重重Sakshi教学中心教授辍学儿童重返正规学校所需的基本知识。Zuber Khan是Sakshi中心的主任。他说，成千上万的农民涌入城市谋生。他们的孩子很难在学校申请注册。Khan表示，这些家庭通常是学年中期才移居过来的，而此时的入学登记已经停止了。而且他们通常没有任何身份证明。虽然印度已将免费的基础教育纳为公民的一项权利，但是仍然有其它问题导致儿童无法入学。Amina Jha在Sakshi中心教学。她说，因为父母都要上班赚钱，很多孩子需要留在家里做家务并照顾弟妹。“尤其是女孩，我的班上有19个孩子连基础的字母都不认识。”为解决这一问题，教学中心有时允许孩子做完家务后再过来上课。他们还给孩子们提供了食物和书籍。激励父母研究表明，多数文盲家庭没有意识到教育的重要性。因此，激励父母对于儿童入学十分重要。在马德里附近，很多孩子在经过一年的非正式教育后到正规学校注册入学。Jha表示，现在父母更愿意把孩子送到志愿中心。“以前经常在马路上玩耍的孩子现在进了国立学校学习。他们穿着整齐的校服。他们知道怎么写字，怎么交谈，这一改变让父母合不拢嘴。”鉴于种种原因，孩子接受教育对于印度的未来而言十分重要。印度15岁以下人口数量位居世界之首。菲尔迪尔金为您播报。蛋白质测试可以补充犯罪现场的DNA分析This is Scientific American 60-Second Science. Im Christopher Intagliata.DNA analysis is a staple of crime scenesand crime shows, like HBOs The Night of or the old standby, CSI:We just need to get this to the DNA lab, confirm its the victims blood. And then, case closed.And its not just for crime: DNA sequencing also helps determine our relationship to Neandertals, and our primate cousins.Problem is, DNAs a relatively fragile moleculeit doesnt last forever. Whats more sturdy is protein. So now researchers have come up with a way to use protein in a similar way to DNA: to link an individual to a piece of evidence or to determine ethnic background.The protein source these scientists studied was human hair, from 76 individuals of European-American, African-American and Kenyan descent. And they determined that the variation of a couple hundred proteins in a persons hair could be enough to single her out from a group of one million individuals. The way it works is that proteins are made according to the instructions in DNA. So one individuals genetic variations can result in slightly different proteins being made, compared to another individual. And by determining the protein composition, the scientists can then extrapolate info about the DNA. The results are in the journal PLoS ONE.The researchers say the technique still is not ready for prime-timeideally the process needs to be more sensitive, to avoid consuming valuable crime scene or archaeological samples in the analysis. And the statistics behind the technique need to be validated, too. But someday, they say, it could come within a hair of DNA analysis.Thanks for listening for Scientific American 60-Second Science Science. Im Christopher Intagliata.这里是科学美国人60秒科学。我是克里斯托弗因塔利亚塔。