Unit 4 Cyberspace lesson1电子版.doc

Unit 4 CyberspaceWarm- up &Lesson 1 Tomorrows World目标： 1. To practise using vocabulary of cyberspace.2. To practise using will and be going to to talk and write about the future.3. To learn the future of cyberspace and practise spoken English. Language Focus目标：来源To master the important language points in this lesson. 重要词汇精讲1. likely(1) adj. 有可能的，可作表语和定语It is likely that 很可能Sb./sth. is likely to do sth. 可能做某事Eg. She is very likely to ring me tonight.= It is very likely that she will ring me tonight. (2) adv. 很可能，通常与most, very连用They will very likely come by car.拓展：辨析：likely，probable与possible三个词中probable的可能性最大，possible的可能性最小。三个词均可用It is.that.的结构。可以说：sb./sth.is likely to do sth.有可能做某事，但possible和probable通常不用人作主语。可以说It is possible (for sb.)to do sth.某人做某事是有可能的。(3).It is likely/possible/probable that the plan will be worked out tomorrow afternoon.计划(很)有可能在明天下午制定出来。应用:(2010陕西卷)Studies show that people are more to suffer from back problems if they always sit before computer screens for long hours.Alikely Bpossible Cprobable Dsure句意为：研究表明如果总是长时间地坐在电脑屏幕前，人们的背部很有可能会出现毛病。本题考查表“可能性”的三个形容词possible，probable，likely在搭配上的区别：It is possible/probable/likely that 从句 It is possible for sb.to do sth. Sb./Sth.is likely to do sth.综上所述，正确答案为A项。 2focus v.n. 集中（注意力，精力等）；调整焦点焦距；中心点，焦点focus ones attention/thought/efforts on. 集中注意力/思想/努力于focus on/upon集中于eg：(1). (2011天津阅读，D)If you are going to follow someone，focus on their talent，not their bad character or unacceptable behaviour.如果你想效仿某人，要注重他们的才能，而不是他们不好的品质或不可接受的行为。(2).Recently，our government has kept their attention focused on the price of the house.最近政府一直非常关注房价。(3).Governments throughout the world are focusing their efforts on holding back global warming.世界各国政府正努力防止全球变暖。 (4).The boy always wants to be the focus of attention.这个小男孩总想成为关注的焦点。拓展：be the/a focus of attention成为关注的焦点应用Most of us know we should cut down on fat，but knowing such things isnt of much help when it shopping and eating.Arefers to Bspeaks of Cfocuses on Dcomes to解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意为：绝大多数人都知道我们应该降低脂肪的摄入，但当涉及到购物和饮食时，知道这些事情也没有多大的帮助。when it comes to (doing) sth.“当涉及到(做)某事”是固定用法，refer to查阅；提到；speak of“谈及，说到”其主语一般是人；focus on“集中于”均不符合句意。答案：D3come true实现，变成现实为, 不及物动词词组，无被动式，相当于be realized或be turned into reality。His dream to be an actor has come true. His dream to be an actor has been realized.His dream to be an actor has been turned into reality.他想当演员的梦想已经实现。回归课本P7：Which of the predictions in them have already come true?eg: (1). Her dream of running her own business has come true.她经营自己企业的梦想已成为现实。(2).We believe that all of our dreams will come true sooner or later.我们相信我们的梦想迟早会实现。拓展：realise与come true realise和come true都有“实现(理想、愿望等)”之意，但用法不同。come true是系表结构，无被动语态，句型结构为e(s) true.realise是及物动词，句型结构为sb.realise sth.。eg: (3). Her dream to be a computer programmer came true after she graduated from university.她要成为电脑程序员的梦想在大学毕业后实现了。(4).At last she realised her dream of becoming an actress.她最终实现了当演员的梦想。应用：While you have made a wonderful plan，it is the most important for you to make it .Acome true Bcome loose Cgo bad Dgo wrong解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意为：尽管你制定了完美的计划，实现它才是最重要的。四个短语都是系表结构。come true实现；come loose松开，松掉；go bad(食物等)变坏；go wrong出错，弄错；(食品，产品)腐败，变质。 答案：A4flood(1)n.洪水，水灾(可数)The town was destroyed by the floods after the storm.暴风雨过后，小镇被洪水淹没了。(2)n.大批，大量流入There was a flood of complaints about the poor service at the restaurant.许多人投诉这家餐馆服务质量差劲。(3)vt.& vi.淹没；大量涌到The river flooded the village.河水淹没了村庄。Workers continue to flood into neighbouring cities to look for jobs.工人们不断涌进邻近的城市找工作。【完成句子】(1)大批感谢信像潮水般涌来。Letters of thanks_.(2)大批的人涌进大厅。_crowded into the hall.(3)办公室堆满了应聘这个职位的求职信。The office was_applications for the job.(4)当我们参观我的老家时，记忆涌上心头。When we visited my old family home, memory came _ .【答案】(1)flooded in(2)A flood of people(3)flooded with(4)flooding back5reality n现实，实际；真实，实际存在His hope has become a reality.他的希望已变成现实。【搭配】in realityin fact 事实上，实际上，其实turn sth into reality 使变为现实【拓展】real adj.真实的really adv.真实/正地realistic adj.现实的，实际的realize v实现【完成句子】我正在存钱是为了我去欧洲旅行的梦想能够实现。I am saving money to turn my dream of travelling to Europe_.【答案】into reality6 affect vt. 影响；感染；(疾病)侵袭；使感动回归课本P8：Peter Taylor finds out how computers and the Internet are going to affect our lives.eg：（1）.She was deeply affected by the news of his death.他去世的消息使她深感悲痛。 （2）.(2011福建阅读，A)Even below the driving limit，driving will be affected.即使低于酒驾限度，驾驶也将受影响。 (3).He was affected with high fever when we discussed the problem yesterday.昨天当我们讨论这个问题时，他正发高烧。 (4).What parents do and say has a lifelong effect on their children.父母的言行对孩子有长远的影响。拓展：be greatly/deeply affected很/深受感动be affected by heat/cold中暑/着凉be affected with high fever发高烧have an effect/influence on对产生影响side effect副作用cause and effect因果应用：(上海高考)With the governments aid，those by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements.Aaffect Baffecting Caffected Dwere affected解析：句意为：在政府的援助下，那些受到地震影响的人们已经搬到新的定居点。用affect的过去分词形式作主语those的后置定语，表示“受到地震影响的人们”。答案：C7attack vt.& n攻击，袭击；(病等)侵袭，发作under attack遭到袭击 personal attack人身攻击heart attack心脏病发作make an attack on/upon.对发起进攻，抨击 It was said that the flu first Mexico.据说这次流感最先侵袭的是墨西哥。We the enemy at midnight.午夜时分我们向敌人发起进攻。答案1. attacked2.made an attack on8. offer v提供；提议；出(价)；主动提出；n.提供；提议；意图；报价offer sb.sth.offer sth.to sb.(主动)把某物提供给某人offer to do sth.主动提出做某事make an offer of help/support/food主动提供帮助/支持/食物offer sb.sth.for some money索价卖某物给某人offer sb.some money for sth.出价向某人买某物eg: (1).The waiter offered some coffee to the guests.The waiter offered the guests some coffee.服务员给客人们端了些咖啡来。 (2).All passengers were asked to offer their passports before boarding.所有乘客被要求登机前主动出示护照。 (3).She always makes an offer of help every time I get into trouble.每当我陷入困境，她总是主动提供帮助。 (4).Theyve offered us 60,000 for the house. Shall we take it?他们已向我们出价六万英镑买这所房子。我们卖不卖？辨析：辨析：offer，provide与supply三个词均表示“提供”，其结构为：offer sb.sth.或offer sth.to vide sb.with sth.或provide sth.for sb.。supply sb./sth.with sth.或supply sth.to sb./sth.。(5)We are here to provide a service for the public.我们来这里为公众服务。应用：Do you have any problems if you this job?Well，Im thinking about the salary.Aoffer Bwill offer Care offered Dwill be offered 解析：考查时态。句意为：如果你得到这份工作，你还有问题吗？嗯，我在考虑薪水问题。注意：条件状语从句和时间状语从句中，用现在时态代替将来时态。句中you和offer是被动关系，故选C。 答案：C9. as if 好像，仿佛回归课本P8：Some experts see our future in virtual reality the use of computers with sounds and pictures that make you feel as if you are in a real situation.as if仿佛,好像,用作连词,在本句中引导表语从句,后接陈述语气,表明从句的情况是可能发生的或被设想是真实的。例如:She looks as if she is going to cry.The meat tastes as if it has gone bad.和as if意思相同的短语是as though,两者可以互换使用。eg：I remember the whole thing as though / as if it happened yesterday.拓展：(1). as if引导方式状语从句，常位于behave, act, talk等行为动词之后as if 引导表语从句, 常位于look, seem, taste, smell, sound等系动词之后。（2）若从句叙述的情况是事实或出现的可能性很大，从句用陈述语气。若从句叙述的情况并非事实或出现的可能性很小，则从句常用虚拟语气。当从句表示与现在事实相反的动作,从句用一般过去时；当表示与过去事实相反的动作,从句用过去完成时；对将来的虚拟用would/might/could doeg: The student from Shanghai speaks English as if he was an American.He quarreled with one of his friends, but he behaved as if nothing had happened.(3). 和as if结构相似的短语有as for, as to,意思都是至于,说到。eg: As for / to me, I shall not go to the party with him.As for / to the meeting, we have to make a decision on when to start来源:学&科&.应用：When a pencil is partly in a glass of water，it looks it were broken.Aas if Bnow thatCeven though Dso that解析：句意为：当铅笔一部分放在一杯水中时，它看上去好像断了。as if引导表语从句，表示假设。答案：A(全国高考)Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it yesterday.Awas happening Bhappens Chas happened Dhappened解析：考查虚拟语气。由as if引导的从句通常用虚拟语气，再结合前面的remembers 可知与现在事实相反，因此用一般过去时。答案：D10. harm vt. n.伤害，损害回归课本P8：A terrorist is someone who does terrible things to harm countries，governments and people. do sb.harmdo harm to sb.There is no harm in doing sth.不妨做某事It does no harm to do sth.不妨做某事be harmful to对有害处mean no harm (to sb/sth) （对）无恶意eg: (1).Too much drinking will do great harm to you/do you great harm.饮酒过量危害甚大。(2).There is no harm in combining the two mixtures.不妨把这两种混合物放在一起。(3).Obviously，the young ladys feeling was harmed/hurt by what her husband said.显然，这个年轻女士的丈夫的话伤害了她的感情。(4).Air pollution will get worse and this will be harmful to people，for example，it can cause cancer.空气污染会加剧，而且这会对人们造成危害，例如，它可以引发癌症。【拓展】harmful adj.有害的，伤害的be harmful to sb/sth对有害harmless adj.无害的，无恶意的辨析：harm, destroy, damage, injure, hurtharm多指对有生命事物的健康、权利、事业的损害。例如:eg: These kind of animals are peoples friends. They will not harm people.destroy表示严重毁坏某物,使之不复存在或无法修复。例如:eg: The school was completely destroyed by the big fire.damage意思是损害,伤害,多用于无生命的事物,一般可修复。例如:eg: The flood did great damage to the crops. injure多指意外事故中受伤。例如:eg: Five people were injured in the car accident ten days ago. hurt在表示受伤时与injure同义,但比injure通俗,而injure语气更强。此外,hurt也常用来表示感情、自尊心受伤害；作不及物动词时,还可以表示疼痛。例如:eg: Mike didnt play football yesterday because he had hurt his leg.My stomach hurts when I have cool food, doctor.应用：(2010浙江卷)Many lifestyle patterns do such great harm to health that they actually speed up weakening of the human body.Aa；/ B/；the Ca；the D/；/解析：考查冠词的用法。句意为：许多生活方式对健康有如此大的伤害，甚至实际上会加速人体的衰退。第一个空格中的“do harm to.”为固定搭配，中间不用冠词，第二个空格后由于有of引导的后置定语，所以weakening前加the予以限定。答案：B重难句导学1(课文重现)Peter Taylor finds out how computers and the Internet are going to affect our lives.彼得泰勒发现计算机和因特网将会怎样影响我们的生活。【句式分析】本句含有由how引导的宾语从句。【完成句子】(1)他打算告诉我们他昨天是如何解决这个问题的。He is going to tell us_the problem yesterday.(2)请查一下这艘船什么时候开往纽约。Please_when the ship sails for New York.(3)因为我现在还是个学生，所以新税法不会影响我。The new tax law doesnt _me because Im a student now.(4)含酒精的饮料会对你的身体产生不良影响。Alcoholic drinks can have_on your body.(5)我希望因为内心的东西而被别人喜欢和爱。I want to be liked and loved for _ I am inside.【答案】(1)how he solved(2)find out(3)affect(4)a bad effect(5)what2(课文重现)In the last thirty years，the Internet has grown rapidly.最近30年来，因特网以惊人的速度发展着。【句式分析】本句中的in the last thirty years与现在完成时连用。类似的时间状语有：in the past/last few years/months，so far，up to now/present，since，for a long time等，都要与现在完成时连用。In the past/last 2 months，he has made great progress in his studies.最近两个月他学习上取得很大的进步。用括号中单词的正确形式填空(1)In the past few years，great changes_(take) place in my hometown.(2)My brother is an actor.He_(appear)in several films so far.(3)This is the first time I _(come)here.(4)With the rapid growth of population，the city_(spread) in all directions in the past five years.【完成句子】(5)自从结婚以来，他们一直过着幸福的生活。They_since they get married.(6)我有十多年没拉小提琴了。I_for over ten years.【答案】(1)have taken place(2)has appeared(3)have come(4)has spread(5)have been living a happy life(6)havent played the piano3. In 1983, there were only 200 computers connected to the Internet.= which were connected to the Iputer 和connect 是被动关系,因此connected to 是过去分词做定语来修饰computer,相当于一个定语从句。It is surprising that there were 3oo gold coins buried underground. which were buried underground.真是令人惊奇，地下埋了300 枚金币。There are so many people watching the big fire in the street.=who watched the big fire in the street.People 和watching 是主动关系watching 是现在分词做定语表主动来修饰people 相当于定语从句。4be optimistic about对乐观She is not optimistic about the game.她对这场比赛不是很乐观。【拓展】be pessimistic about.对悲观a pessimistic/an optimistic view悲观的/乐观的看法He is pessimistic about his future.他对自己的未来很悲观。【完成句子】(1)If you believe in yourself, _ _ (你就有一个乐观的前途)(2)She_(对不是十分乐观)the outcomes of the talks.【答案】(1)you will have an optimistic future(2)is not very optimistic about5find out弄清楚，查出；获知；找出；发现We must find out the truth of the matter.我们必须弄清事情真相。【辨析】 find/find outfind：多指偶然发现、碰到、找到，后接名词、复合结构和从句等。find out：多指通过观察、探索而发现事情的真相，调查找出原因或发现秘密、错误等，可接名词、代词、从句。Can you find out what time the train leaves?你能查问出火车什么时候离开吗？Have you found your lost book?你丢失的书找到了吗？用find/find out填空(1)I_my cat sleeping on my bed.(2)Please_who is singing at midnight.用括号中单词的正确形式填空(3)I had great difficulty_(find) the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.(4)We were astonished_(find) the temple still in its original condition.【答案】(1)found(2)find out(3)finding句意：在那家饭店里，我们很难在菜单上找到合适的食物。have difficulty (in) doing sth：做某事有困难。(4)to find句意：我们吃惊地发现那座庙仍然还是原来的状况。在glad，surprised，sorry，angry，happy 等表情绪变化的形容词后要用不定式表原因，而不用分词。find 这个动作是逻辑主语发出的，所以要用不定式的主动形式。6. It is clear that we are going to see a huge growth in shopping on the Internet. 很明显，我们将会看到网上购物的大幅度增长。句式分析:It isadj./n.that-clause. that clause为主语从句，为了避免头重脚轻，用it作形式主语放在句首，而真正的主语从句(that clause)则放在句尾。 “It isadj. that从句”是一个常用句型。可用于此句型的形容词有necessary, possible, impossible, clear, obvious, certain, hard, difficult, easy, important, strange, natural等， 其中形容词是用来描述从句的内容。It is possible that he left his keys in the office. 很可能他把钥匙忘在办公室了。It is obvious that nobody will accompany him on a walk.很显然没有人愿意陪他散步。It is a pity that you missed such a good chance.你错过了这么好的一次机会真可惜。.Its wellknown that anyone who wins a prize should treat us to a good dinner.中奖的人要请我们美餐一顿，这是众所周知的。另注意在此类主语从句中如果表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should)do”。 Its very important that we teach the children about road safety. 把交通安全常识教给孩子们是非常重要的。it作为形式主语的其他句型：Itbeadj. (for sb.) to do sth. To do sth. isadj. 常用于此句型中作表语的形容词有：difficult, hard, easy, common, possible, necessary, important等。 It is not difficult to work out the problem. To work out the problem is not difficult. 要解决这个问题并不太难。 Itbeadj. ofsb. to do sth. Sb. beadj. to do sth. 常用于此句型中的形容词有good, kind, nice, wise, clever, silly, stupid, foolish, wrong, impolite等描述人物的形容词。 Its very kind of you to lend me your pen. You are very kind to lend me your pen. 你借给我钢笔真是太好了。 Itbe名词词组to do sth./从句 To do sth. 从句 is名词词组 常用于此句型的名词词组有：a pity, a pleasure, good advice, the custom, no wonder, good/bad manners等。 Before entering a house in some Asian countries, it is good manners to take off your shoes. Before entering a house in some Asian countries, to take off your shoes is good manners. 在某些亚洲国家， 进屋子之前脱下鞋子是礼貌的。 Itbe过去分词that从句Sb. be过去分词to do sth. 常用于此句型的动词有：report, know, say, believe, tell, prove, hope, expect, think等。 It is known that the Chinese are industrious people. The Chinese are known to be industrious people. 众所周知，中国人民是一个勤劳的民族。Itbenon. doing sth. ，用于此句型的名词有good, use, point等及it + be + fun/useless/a good pleasure/a waste of time +doing sth. It is no good reading under the sun. 在太阳底下读书是没有好处的。It动词that (as if)从句，用于此句型的动词有look, seem, appear, happen等。 It looks as if it will rain before long. 看起来一会儿就要下雨了。汉译英。1.犯这样一个错误你太愚蠢了。 It was foolish of you to make such a mistake./You were foolish to make such a mistake. 2.据说他在这次英语竞赛中获得了第一名。 It was said that he had won the first prize in the English competition./He was said to have won the first prize in the English competition. 3.抱怨是没用的。 It is no point complaining. 应用：(2010陕西卷)It never occurred to me you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.Awhich Bwhat Cthat Dif解析：考查主语从句用法。句意为：我根本没想到你能成功地说服他改变主意。it作形式主语，me后面的从句是真正的主语，即主语从句。It occurs to sb.that.某人忽然想起。答案：CIt is uncertain side effect the medicine will bring about，although about two thousand patients have taken it.Athat Bwhat Chow Dwhether解析：考查主语从句用法。句意为：虽然大约有2 000位病人服用过这种药，但是它到底会带来什么副作用还不可知。what side effect在此处作bring about的宾语。答案：B【代词或连词填空】(1)Is_possible that man can fly to the moon in a spaceship?(2)It has been proved_eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life.(3)_is our belief that improvement in health care will lead to a stronger，more prosperous economy.【完成句子】(4)_(很遗憾)that she has made such a mistake.(5)_(众所周知)that China is a developing country.(6)_(肯定)that we shall succeed.(7)_这样做是对的。【答案】(1)it(2)that(3)It(4)It is a pity(5)It is wellknown(6)It is certain(7)It is right to do so7(课文重现)The mail service may also disappear with the increasing use of email.随着电子邮件的日益广泛的使用，邮局的邮递业务也可能会消失。【句式分析】句中with意为“随着”，后跟名词、动名词、复合结构等。With time going on，I began to realize my mistakes.随着时间的发展，我开始认识到自己的错误。Good wine will improve with age.佳酿越陈越醇。With the development of technology，computers have been widely used.随着科技发展，电脑已被广泛使用。【拓展】(1)as也表示“ 随着”，但它是连词，其后要跟句子。比较：With years going by，he became an old man with grey hair.As years went by，he became an old man with grey hair.几年过去了，他成了一位头发花白的老人。(2)with宾语宾语补足语(形容词、副词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词、不定式、名词)He died with his daughter yet a schoolgirl.他去世时，女儿还是个小学生。She said goodbye with tears in her eyes.她含着眼泪说了声再见。注意：当宾语与宾语补足语是主动关系时，用现在分词作宾语补足语；若是被动关系时，用过去分词作宾语补足语；若表示宾语将来的动作，则用不定式作宾语补足语。I cant go out with all these clothes to wash. 要洗这些衣服，我无法出去了