unit 5 课文精讲精练现在完成时讲与练.doc

Part1随堂检测: 1. 起初 2. 到目前为止 3. 小量 4. 使.初次了解 5. 从.到. 6. 使尝试，使初次了解_ 7. 与某人交朋友_ 8. 以自豪_ 9. 一年半_ 10. 按时，准时_Part 2 课本重点知识讲解 1. “I was very nervous at first”, says Sarah.一开始我很紧张，萨拉说。 at first 起初，开始.它主要用于强调前后对照，暗示接下去的动作与前面的动作不同甚至相反。 At first I didnt want to go , but I soon changed my mind. 我开始不想去，但我很快就改变了主意。 The work was hard at first , but I got used to it. 起初这活很累，不过后来我习惯了。 随堂练习： 1).起初我并不喜欢你. I don,t love you . 2). 起初我并我知道这个秘密. I don,t know this secret . 2. However ,my host family are friendly .但是，我的寄宿家庭非常友好。 friendly 比较级friendlier/more friendly ，最高级friendliest / most friendly. 有好的，常构成短语be friendly to sb 对某人友好； be friendly with sb 与某人友好相处。 他们班里的每个人对我都很友好。 Everyone in their class _ _ _ me. 我们很快就与邻居们友好相处了。 We soon became _ _ the neighbors. 3.Ive learnt to use chopsticks , and theyre teaching me a little Chinese! 我学会使用筷子了，并且他们正在教我一些汉语。 a little 意思是“不多的，很少”用来修饰不可数名词，表示数量，也可以修饰形容词和副词的原级或比较级，表示程度。 随堂练习： 杯子里有点水。 There is _ _ water in the glass. 长途跋涉以后，我有点累了。 After a long walk， I felt _ _ tired. 辨析： a little , little , a few , few a little 修饰不可数名词 表示肯定，意为“不多的” little 表示否定，意为“几乎没有” a few 修饰复数名词 表肯定，意为“几个，一些” few 表否定，“不多的，少数的” 随堂练习： 用a little , little , a few , few填空。 一点牛奶就够了。 _ milk is enough. 快点！没剩多少时间了。 Hurry up! There is _ time left.妈妈给我买了些苹果。 My mother bought me _ apples. 他初来乍到，因此没有几个朋友。 He is new here , so he has _ friends. 4. Its been a fantastic experience so far , says Eric. 到目前为止，它是一次很棒的经历。埃里克说。 experience 此处作可数名词，意识是 “经历”，而这个单词在作 “经验”的意思时，为不可数名词。 So far ,意思是“到目前为止”，多用于现在完成时。 6 随堂练习： 做一名志愿者对我来说是一次有趣的经历。 It was _ for me to be a volunteer. 这个老师有很多处理青少年问题的经验。 The teacher has a lot _ dealing with the teens problems. 我已经见过很多动物了,到目前为止. I have seen lots of animals . 我已经看了三本书到目前为止. I three books . 5. Ive learnt a bit of tai chi , and I really enjoy it. 我学了一点太极拳，并且我十分喜欢它。 a bit of 一点，小量 用于修饰不可数名词。例如： A bit of water A bit of milk A bit of money 辨析：a bit of , a bit , a little a bit of 一点 修饰不可数名词 a bit 稍微，有点 修饰形容词、副词的原级、比较级 a little 不多的 既可以修饰不可数名词，也可以修饰形容词、副词的原级、比较级随堂练习： 瓶子里有点水。 There is _ water in the bottle. 请打开窗，天气有点热。 Please open the window , its _ hot. 6.The teachers have introduced us to Chinese painting as well. 老师也使我们初次了解中国画。 introduce.to.使.初次了解 Introduce A to B 把A介绍给B 你可以介绍你的同学给我吗? Can you your classmate me? 7. Weve also tried to paint some pictures ourselves! 我们自己也试着画了一些中国画。 try to do sth 尽力做某事， 其否定形式为try not to do sth 尽力不要做某事 辨析：try to do sth 与try doing sth try to do sth 尽力去做某事，不包含是否成功之意。 try doing sth （用某一办法）试着去做某事。 随堂练习： 我尽力把英语学好。 I _ _ _ English well. 他试着把这个难题算出来。 He _ _ out the math problem. 8. Tomorrow Im going to take part in an exchange programme in London.明天我将参加一个在伦敦的交流计划。 take part in 参加，多指参加一些集会性活动，如会议、劳动等。 辨析：take part in ,join , join in take part in 多指参加群众性活动，具有暂时性特点。 join 指加入某党派、组织、军队或社会团体，并成为其中一员，其后也可以接人，意为“和某人一起做某事” join in 指参加小规模的活动，如球赛，游戏，多用于日常口语。Join in doing sth 参加做某事。 随堂练习： 用take part in ,join , join in填空。 你愿意参加我们的晚会吗？ Would you like to _ our party? 请加入我们吧。 Please _ us. 我可以参加这个游戏吗？ May I _ playing the game? 9.Listen to the conversation between Mr Liu and the students. 听刘老师和学生之间的对话。 between and 在和之间 辨析：between , among between 用于指两者之间 among 用于指三者或三者以上之间随堂练习： 银行和学校之间有家医院。 There is a hospital _ the bank _ the school. 这两本书之间有什么区别？ What is the difference _ the two books? 高老师正坐在孩子们之间。 Miss Gao is sitting _ the children. 这位歌手在年轻人中很受欢迎。 The singer is popular _ the young people. 10. Arrive at the airport on time ,please.请按时到机场。 on time 按时，准时 辨析： on time ,in time on time 按时，准时 in time 及时，常含有匆忙之意。 随堂练习： 火车会按时到达吗？ Will the train arrive _? 警察及时赶到了那里。 The police got there _.Part 3 语法现在完成时的概念。 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果 She has been ill for three days. （她病了三天了。） 表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。 Weve known each other since we were children. （我们从小就认识。） I have been a member of the Party for 10 years. 常与现在完成时连用的时间状语有： just刚刚 yet 仍然，还 now 现在 lately 最后 ever 曾经 today 今天 never 从未 before 从前 recently 最近 already 已经 this week 本周 since 自从 for a long tine 很长时间了 since then 自那以来 so far 到目前为止 in the past/last few years 在过去/最近的几年二、构成：”助动词have, has + 过去分词” 注：规则动词的过去分词的构成与过去是相同，不规则动词的过去分词见附表。 随堂练习 .把下面变否定句、一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答。 1. I have done my homework. 否定句：_ 一般疑问句：_ 回答：_ 2. The plane has arrived. 否定句：_ 一般疑问句：_ 回答：_ 三、动词的过去分词构成规则 （1） 规则变化 大部分动词在词尾直接加-ed clean cleaned help helped 以不发音的e结尾的，直接加-d like liked live lived 以辅音字母+y结尾的单词，变y为i再加ed try tried study studied 重读闭音节词尾只有一个辅音字母的，需要双写最后这个辅音字母再加-ed. plan planned stop stopped （2） 不规则变化 see seen find found 需根据不规则变化表进行专门记忆 四、 现在完成时用法归纳 1. 现在完成时表示过去发生的动作现已完成，对现在造成的影响和结果。(此种用法谓语动词用结束性动词) 如： The plane has arrived. 常用的时间状语和副词：already ,yet , ever , never already 已经； yet 尚未，仍未，还；强调前不久完成的动作对现在造成的影响，谓语动词使用非延续性动词。already 用于肯定句中，yet 用于否定句和疑问句的句末。 例如：I have already finished my homework. 我已经完成我的家庭作业了。 He hasnt come yet.他还没有回来。 Has she finished cooking yet? 他做完饭了吗？ 练：I have already done my homework. (变为否定句) _ ever (曾经)，句中；never (从不) ，表示否定，强调到目前为止的生活经历。谓语动词用延续性动词。 例如：Have you ever climb that mountain? 你曾经爬过那座山吗？Have you ever been to Shanghai?你曾经去过上海吗？ I have never late for school.我从来没有迟到过。 already ever与never应位于助动词have/has 之后，主要动词之前。 拓展：before (以前)，句尾，独立用 I havent met him before. 我以前从来没有见过他。 just (刚刚)，用于肯定句中，常用在助动词和过去分词之间。 如：I have just heard the news. 我刚刚听到消息。（ ）1. Have you _ heard of Disneyland? A. always B. ever C. never D. sometimes （ ）2. I have _ finished my homework. So I can have a rest now. A. ever B. already C. never D. yet （ ）3. She is a good student, she has _ been late for school. A. ever B. already C. never D. yet （ ）4. I am very hungry , I havent had my breakfast_. A. ever B. already C. never D. yet 2. 完成时可用于表示某时间段里完成的动作，常与today, these days, recently等时间状语连用。如： Have you seen her these days? 译： _ Have you been to the library today? 译：_ Have you read the book recently? 译：_ 3. 现在完成时表示过去已经开始，持续到现在，可能延续到将来的动作和状态。 常与表示过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时间状语连用。如： a. for + 一段时间：for two hoursb. since + 时间点：since 1999, since last year c. since + 一段时间+ ago: since two days ago d. since + 从句（用过去时） e. up to now, till now, until now, so far f. in the past two years, in the last few days g. recently, lately 如： Miss Zhao has taught math for five years. His mother has worked in the shop since 1990. The Greens have lived in London since three years ago注：其中在a,b,c,d 这四种结构中，谓语动词必须为延续性动词。 如： I have had this book for one and a half years. (这本书我已买了一年半了！) 用since 或者for 填空 1). I have studied English _ 5 years. 2). I have studied English _ 5 years ago. 3). I have studied English _ 2008. 4). She has taught math _ 3 years. 5). She has taught math _ 3 years ago. 6). She has taught math _ 2010. 4. 短暂性动词怎样和表示一段时间的状语连用。 英语中的短暂性动词，也叫做终止性动词、瞬间动词或非延续性动词，只表示 一时的动作，在肯定句式中不能与表示延续的时间状语连用。常见的短暂性动词有：go, come, leave, find, buy, arrive, give, stop, join, marry, die, begin, start, borrow, close, open, lend等。 eg. I have bought this book for three months. () 非延续性动词与一段时间连用时可采用下列三种方法： （1） 将非延续性动词转化为延续性动词。 leave- have (has) been away from close- be closed join- have (has) been (in) begin/start- be on buy- have (has) had go- be there die- have (has) dead finish- be over come (arrive)- have (has) been here borrow- have (has) kept begin to work- have (has) worked open- have (has) been open get up- have (has) been up put on have (has) on come back- have (has) been back gone (left)- been away joined been句型转换。 1). I have borrowed a new book from the school library. I _ _ a new book from the school library for two days. 2). She has gone there. She _ _ there _ yesterday. 3). The film has begun. The film _ _ _ _ five minutes. 3) The boy has come back. The boy _ _ _ for an hour. 5. have been to/ have gone to/ have been in 三种结构的区别 （1）have been to 去过某地(现已离开)，可以与ever, never, once, twice等连用。 （2）has gone to 去某地了，说话时某人已离开此地，在去某地的路上或已在某地，总之现在还未回来。此句型一般用于第三人称。 （3） have been in 表示已在某地呆了多久，若该地为小地方则用at。 翻译： 你以前去过北京吗？_ 吉姆已经去了伦敦。_ 格林一家在中国已经两年了。_单项选择 ( )1. I have _ Beijing three times. A. been to B. gone to C. been in D. been at ( )2.-Where is Mike? -He has _ London . A. been to B. gone to C. been in D. been at ( )3. Tony has never _ China. He looks forward to coming to China A. been to B. gone to C. been in D. been at ( )4.Lucy has _ China for 5 years. A. been to B. gone to C. been in D. been at ( )5.The teacher has _ the village to teach the poor students for 10 years. A. been to B. gone to C. been in D. been at 6. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别： (1) 侧重点不同：现在完成时是与现在有关的时态，属现在时态范畴，它侧重于过去的动作对现在造成的影响。而一般过去时是一种过去时态，侧重于表示过去的动作，与现在无关。如： Yesterday I went to the zoo. (仅说明昨天去了动物园，与现在无关) Li Lei has read the book. (说明李磊了解那本书的内容) （2） 连用的时间状语不同：一般过去时常与ago, yesterday, last, in 2000, just now等连用。而现在完成时与already, yet, still, just, so far, in the last/ past, before, ever, never, since, for等时间状语连用。 注 现在完成时不可与yesterday, last week, two days ago等过去时间状语连用。一、 单项选择。 （ ）1. Miss Gao isnt here. She _ to the bus station to meet Mr. Brown. A. go B. has gone C. has been D. would go （ ）2. How clean the bedroom is! - Yes, I am sure that someone _it. A. cleans B. cleaned C. has cleaned D. had cleaned （