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水泵体零件工艺及工装夹具设计【5张CAD图纸+毕业论文】【答辩通过】

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摘  要

在机床上加工工件时，定位和夹紧的全过程称为“安装”。在机床上用来完成工件安装任务的重要工艺装备，就是各类夹具中应用最为广泛的“机床夹具”。

机床夹具的种类很多，其中，使用范围最广的通用夹具，规格尺寸多已标准化，并且有专业的工厂进行生产。而广泛用于批量生产，专为某工件加工工序服务的专用夹具，则需要各制造厂根据工件加工工艺自行设计制造。本设计的主要内容是设计钻床夹具，需要对泵体上表面4xM6的四个螺纹孔进行钻削。

泵体零件上往往都有各种不同用途和不同精度的孔需要加工。在机械加工中，孔的加工量所占比例较大，其中钻头、扩孔钻、铰刀、镗刀等定尺寸刀具加工占相当多数。这时，除了要保证孔的尺寸精度外，还要达到孔的位置精度要求。在单件小批量生产中，用划线后找正孔轴线位置方法加工。在批量生产中一般都采用钻床夹具与镗床夹具，钻床夹具又称钻模，镗床夹具又称镗模，通过钻套、镗套引导刀具进行加工可准确地确定刀具与工件之间的相对位置。


关键词: 通用夹具; 专用夹具; 钻床夹具; 泵体



Abstract

In the machine machining, positioning and clamping process called "installation". The machine used to complete the task of workpiece installation of process equipment, is an important fixture in the most widely used "the machine tool's fixture.

There are many kinds of the machine tool's fixture, among them, use the widest range of general fixture, size, and there has been more standardized professional factory production. And widely used in mass production, designed for a workpiece machining processes and special fixture service to the factory according to the workpiece machining process to design and manufacture. The design of the main content is boring and milling machine fixture design jigs, need to pump body surface 4xM6 of the four threaded hole for drilling.

Pump body parts are usually different purposes and accuracy of the hole machining. In machining, the hole of manufactured, among which the proportion of drilling, reaming, reamer, boring tools for size of such a sizable majority. At this time, except to ensure the accuracy of the size of the hole hole, but also achieve the position precision requirements. In single small batch production, use crossed for positive hole axis position after processing methods. In batch production in general by drilling and boring fixture, drilling fixture and diamond fixture, boring fixture and say, boring, boring set by drilling tools for processing guide can accurately determine tool and the relative position between the workpiece.


Key word: General fixture; Special jig ;Drilling fixture; Pump body            


目录

摘  要III

AbstractIV

目录V

1 绪论1

1.1 课题的背景和意义1

1.2 机床夹具概述1

1.2.1 机床夹具1

1.2.2 机床夹具的功能1

1.2.3 机床夹具在机械加工中的作用2

1.2.4 机床夹具的发展趋势2

2 水泵泵体的工艺规程设计4

2.1 零件的作用4

2.2 零件图的审核4

2.2.1 分析零件图4

2.2.2 零件的结构工艺性分析5

2.3 生产过程和工艺过程5

2.3.1 生产过程5

2.3.2 工艺过程6

2.4 工艺规程7

2.5 零件的工艺分析7

2.6 选择毛坯8

2.7 坯料尺寸公差与机械加工余量的确定8

2.8 确定毛坯尺寸8

2.9 孔和平面加工分析8

2.9.1 孔和平面的加工顺序8

2.9.2 钻孔加工方案选择8

2.9.3 选择定位基准9

2.10 基面的选择10

2.11 零件表面加工方法选择10

2.12 各工序间加工余量11

2.13 制定工艺路线12

2.14 切削用量的计算13

2.14.1 铣上平面工序切削用量的计算14

2.14.2 铣下平面工序切削用量的计算14

2.14.3 铣左端面工序切削用量的计算15

2.14.4 铣右端面工序切削用量的计算15

2.14.5 钻Ø48孔工步切削用量的计算16

2.14.6 加工M10螺纹的切削用量16

2.14.7 加工M8螺纹的切削用量17

2.14.8 加工M11.3螺纹的切削用量18

2.14.9 法兰端面凸台切削用量19

2.14.10 精车轴承内孔切削用量19

2.14.11 钻Ø10孔的切削用量20

2.14.12 左端面倒角的切削用量20

2.15 机械加工时间定额的确定（参考机械加工工艺手册）20

2.15.1 机械加工时间定额的组成20

2.15.2 机械加工时间定额的计算20

2.15.3 上平面时间定额的计算21

2.15.4 下平面时间定额的计算22

2.15.5 左端面时间定额的计算23

2.15.6 右端面时间定额的计算24

2.15.7 孔Ø48的时间定额25

2.15.8 上平面螺纹孔的时间定额26

2.15.9 左端面Ø10通孔的时间定额27

2.15.10 下平面英制管螺纹的时间定额28

2.15.11 右端面螺纹孔的时间定额29

2.15.12 左端凸台铣平面的时间定额30

2.15.13 精车轴承内孔的时间定额31

2.15.14 车左端面倒角的时间定额32

3 夹具设计33

3.1 对专用夹具的基本要求33

3.2 专用夹具设计步骤33

3.3 钻螺纹孔2xM10攻螺纹夹具设计34

3.3.1 问题的提出34

3.3.2 夹具设计34

3.3.3 夹具设计及操作的简要说明36

4结论与展望37

4.1 结论37

4.2 不足之处及未来展望37

致谢38

参考文献39


1 绪论

1.1 课题的背景和意义

特殊零件工艺设计和夹具设计是一种与机械制造工艺密切相关的毕业设计课题，与实际生产有机器密切的联系，他要求我们有一定的生产实践知识。其主要目的如下：

(1)对生产知识有一定的认识，理解生产加工过程中相关机械设备的工作原理

(2)掌握机械制造相关知识，学会如何进行工艺设计及夹具设计

(3)理解和掌握夹具设计原理，能结合生产时间设计相关夹具

(4)了解夹具各原件的设计与夹具定位原理和结构

(5)理解专夹具的设计方法，学会分析夹具设计过程中的一些主要问题

(6)了解机械加工工艺过程的知识，明白它在实际中产生的意义与作用。

(7)学会如何制定加工工艺规程。

传统的手工夹具设计往往依靠设计人员的经验进行，定位方案的选取、资料的检验、分析计算、绘图及工艺等方案完全依靠手工完成，具有设计周期长、效率低、成本高、柔性差的缺点，并且夹具的质量很大程度上受夹具设计者的经验和知识水平的限制。1，夹具是机械加工不可缺少的部件，随着机床加工精度的提高，为了降低定位误差，提高加工精度，对夹具的制造精度要求更高。2，为了提高机床的生产效率，双面、四面和多件装夹的夹具产品越来越多, 为了减少工件的安装时间，各种自动定心夹紧、精密平口钳、杠杆夹紧、凸轮夹紧、气动和液压夹紧等，快速夹紧功能部件不断地推陈出新。3，夹具元件模块化是实现组合化的基础。利用模块化设计的系列化、标准化夹具元件，快速组装成各种夹具，已成为夹具技术开发的基点。省工、省时，节材、节能，体现在各种先进夹具系统的创新之中。模块化设计为夹具的计算机辅助设计与组装打下基础，应用CAD技术，可建立元件库、典型夹具库、标准和用户使用档案库，进行夹具优化设计，为用户三维实体组装夹具。4，夹具的通用性直接影响其经济性。采用模块、组合式的夹具系统，一次性投资比较大，只有夹具系统的可重组性、可重构性及可扩展性功能强，应用范围广，通用性好，夹具利用率高，收回投资快，才能体现出经济性好。

所以我认为在机床技术向高速、高效、精密、复合、智能、环保方向发展的带动下，夹具技术正朝着高精、高效、模块、组合、通用、经济方向发展


内容简介：
编号无锡太湖学院毕业设计（论文）相关资料题目： 水泵体零件工艺及工装设计 信机 系 机械工程及自动化专业学 号： 0923019学生姓名： 刁井亮 指导教师： 薛庆红 （职称：副教授 ） （职称： ）2013年5月25日目 录一、毕业设计（论文）开题报告二、毕业设计（论文）外文资料翻译及原文三、学生“毕业论文（论文）计划、进度、检查及落实表”四、实习鉴定表无锡太湖学院毕业设计（论文）开题报告题目： 水泵体零件工艺及工装设计 信机 系 机械工程及自动化 专业学 号： 0923019 学生姓名： 刁井亮 指导教师： 薛庆红 （职称：副教授） （职称： ）2012年11月23日 课题来源根据毕业实习的实践拟定科学依据（包括课题的科学意义；国内外研究概况、水平和发展趋势；应用前景等）（1） 课题科学意义制造工艺是制造技术的灵魂、核心和关键，是生产中最活跃的因素。其过程是采用金属切削刀具或磨具及其他加工方法来加工工件，使工件达到所要求的形状、尺寸、表面粗糙度和力学物理性能，从而生产出合格零件。夹具的使用可以有效的保证加工质量，提高生产效率，降低生产成本，扩大机床的工艺范围，减轻工人劳动强度，保证安全生产等。考虑到机械加工工艺安排及夹具的使用在泵体的生产中直接影响到其加工质量和生产效率等，所以研究泵体的机械加工工艺及夹具设计的课题有着十分重要的意义。（2）国内外研究概况、水平和发展趋势；应用前景等 当代机械制造业主要采用单件生产、多品种/小批量和重复大批量生产等多种方式。多样化经营模式、工艺复杂，所需设备和工装繁多。目前采用CAPP编制工艺很普遍，成组工序允许采用同一设备和工艺装置，以及相同或相近的机床调整方式来加工工全组零件。成组技术亦可应用于零件加工的全工艺过程。采用先进的机床和刀具，工序集中，使加工高效、简洁、可靠，简化生产计划和生产组织工作。夹具最早出现在18世纪后期，随着科学技术的不断进步，夹具已从一种辅助工具发展为门类齐全的工艺装备。近年来，数控机床、加工中心、成组技术、柔性制造系统等新加工技术的应用，对机床夹具提出了很多新的要求。在现代制造业的发展中，机械加工过程越来越柔性化，现代机床夹具的发展方向：标准化、精密化、高效化、柔性化。随着现代科学的快速发展，加工控制和测量技术在不断进步，国外先进的制造工艺是将泵体和泵盖分别加工，然后组合到一起进行产品的总装，在保证精度的前提下，大大提高了加工效率，降低了成本。在大型泵体部件的加工工艺中，采用先进的设备、工装和检测手段确保产品质量，是泵行业不断追求工艺技术创新和突破的努力方向。研究内容先进行零件图的分析，主要内容包括：生产类型、零件的作用、结构特点、结构工艺性、关键表面的技术要求分析等。然后进行工艺设计，主要内容包括：确定毛坯类型；毛坯选择与说明；工艺路线的确定（粗、精基准的选择，各表面的加工方法的确定，工序集中与分散的考虑，工序顺序的安排的原则，加工设备与工装的选择，不同方案的分析比较等）；加工余量、切削用量及基本时间、工序尺寸与公差的确定。最后进行专用夹具设计，主要内容包括：夹具设计思想与不同方案的对比；定位装置和对刀及导引装置的选择；夹紧机构设计与夹紧力的计算。重点解决的技术问题：粗、精基准的选择，工序顺序的安排，机床与工装的选择，加工余量、切削用量的计算，定位装置与对刀装置的选择，夹紧力的计算。预期成果及提供形式：工序卡片一套，对所设计的工序内容进行技术经济分析的分析报告一份，两套夹具装配图各一张，两套夹具零件图各一张，设计说明书一份。拟采取的研究方法、技术路线、实验方案及可行性分析设计方案：首先对零件进行分析，然后对给定零件进行工艺过程设计，制订加工顺序并编制相应的工序卡片，最后进行专用夹具的设计。技术要点：分析零件、选择定位基准、制订加工顺序、划分加工阶段、计算工序尺寸、制订切削参数、制订工时定额等，并对制订的方案进行技术经济分析，提供分析报告。熟悉工序技术要求，熟悉并准备所有设计资料；制订合理的定位方案，并设计定位元件结构；制订合理的夹紧方案，并设计夹紧结构；制订导向方案，并选择导向元件；制订分度方案，并设计分度机构；制订夹具整体布局方案，设计夹具体；标注合理的技术要求，并分析精度是否满足要求；对夹具进行技术经济分析。研究计划及预期成果2012年11月10日-2012年11月16日：选毕业设计研究课题。2012年12月11日-2012年12月20日：填写毕业实习报告。2013年3月15日-2013年3月25日：按照要求修改毕业设计开题报告。2013年3月26日-2013年4月2日：学习并翻译一篇与毕业设计相关的英文材料。2013年4月5日-2013年4月26日：课题内相关内容的计算校核。2013年4月27日-2013年5月15日：AUTOCAD的绘图。2013年5月16日-2013年5月20日：毕业论文撰写和修改工作。预期成果： 现场调研、模拟、建模、实验、机床一夹具调试，达到产品的最优化设计，大大降低劳动强度和提高生产效率。特色或创新之处适用于企业对现有机床进行改型换代的要求，且可以扩大机床的加工工艺范围，对车床主传动系统进行优化设计，可降低工人的劳动强度、减少机械加工工艺时间和降低机械零件的生产成本。已具备的条件和尚需解决的问题可能遇到的问题及解决办法：1、定位基准的选择。参照选择原则选择合理的定位基准；2、工序顺序的安排。借鉴查到的资料上的工序顺序和向指导老师询问；3、工序尺寸、切削参数、工时定额的计算。按照指导书里的计算格式去查要用到的参考书并认真计算；4、制定专用夹具的定位与夹紧方案。借鉴查到的资料里的方案和向指导老师询问。5、制订夹具整体布局方案。参照参考书里的专用夹具布局、询问指导老师。指导教师意见 指导教师签名：年 月 日教研室（学科组、研究所）意见 教研室主任签名： 年 月 日系意见 主管领导签名： 年 月 日英文原文Application and developmentOf case based reasoning in fixture designAbstract: Based on the case based designing (CBD) methodology, the fixture similarity is in two respects: the function and the structure information. Then, the computer aided fixture design system is created on case based reasoning (CBR),in which the attributes of the main features of workpiece and structure of fixture as case index code are designed for the retrieve of the similar cases, and the structure and hierarchical relation of case library are set up for store. Meanwhile, the algorithm based on the knowledge guided in the retrieve of the similar cases, the strategy of case adapt at ion and case storage in which the case ident if cat ion number is used to distinguish from similar cases are presented. The application of the system in some projects improves the design efficiency and gets a good result .Keywords: case based reasoning ;fixture design; computer aided design(CAD) Fixtures are devices that serve as the purpose of holding the workpiece securely and accurately, and maintaining a consistent relationship with respect to the tools while machining. Because the fixture structure depends on the feature of the product and the status of the process planning in the enterprise, its design is the bottleneck during manufacturing, which restrains to improve the efficiency and leadtime. And fixture design is a complicated process, based on experience that needs comprehensive qualitative knowledge about a number of design issues including workpiece configuration, manufacturing processes involved, and machining environment. This is also a very time consuming work when using traditional CAD tools (such as Unigraphics, CATIA or Pro/E), which are good at performing detailed design tasks, but provide few benefits for taking advantage of the previous design experience and resources, which are precisely the key factors in improving the efficiency. The methodology of case based reasoning (CBR) adapts the solution of a previously solved case to build a solution for a new problem with the following four steps: retrieve, reuse, revise, and retain 1. This is a more useful method than the use of an expert system to simulate human thought because proposing a similar case and applying a few modifications seems to be self explanatory and more intuitive to humans .So various case based design support tools have been developed for numerous areas2-4, such as in injection molding and design, architectural design, die casting die design, process planning, and also in fixture design. Sun used six digitals to compose the index code that included workpiece shape, machine portion, bushing, the 1st locating device, the 2nd locating device and clamping device5. But the system cannot be used for other fixture types except for drill fixtures, and cannot solve the problem of storage of the same index code that needs to be retained, which is very important in CBR6.1 Construction of a Case Index and Case Library1.1 Case index The case index should be composed of all features of the workpiece, which are distinguished from different fixtures. Using all of them would make the operation in convenient. Because the forms of the parts are diverse, and the technology requirements of manufacture in the enterprise also develop continuously, lots of features used as the case index will make the search rate slow, and the main feature unimportant, for the reason that the relative weight which is allotted to every feature must diminish. And on the other hand, it is hard to include all the features in the case index.Therefore, considering the practicality and the demand of rapid design, the case index includes both the major feature of the workpiece and the structure of fixture. The case index code is made up of 16 digits: 13 digits for case features and 3 digits for case identification number.The first 13 digits represent 13 features. Each digit is corresponding to an attribute of the feature, which may be one of“*”, “？”, “1”, “2”,“A”,“B”, “Z”, etc. In which, “*” means anyone, “?” uncertain, “0” nothing.The system rules: fixture type, workpiece shape, locating model cannot be “*”or“?”. When the system is designed, the attribute information of the three items does not have these options, which means the certain attribute must be selected. The last three digits are the case identification number, which means the 13 digits of the case feature are the same, and the number of these three digits is used for distinguishing them.The system also rules: “000” is a prototype case, which is used for retrieval, and other cases are “001”,“002”, which are used for reference cases to be searched by designers. If occasionally one of them needs to be changed as the prototype case, first it must be required to apply to change the one to “000”, and the former is changed to referential case automatically.The construction of the case index code is shown in Fig.1.1.2 Case libraryThe case library consists of lots of predefined cases. Case representation is one of the most important issues in case based reasoning. So compounding with the index code,.1.3 Hierarchical form of CaseThe structure similarity of the fixture is represented as the whole fixture similarity, components similarity and component similarity. So the whole fixture case library, components case library, component case library of fixture are formed correspondingly. Usually design information of the whole fixture is composed of workpiece information and workpiece procedure information, which represent the fixture satisfying the specifically designing function demand. The whole fixture case is made up of function components, which are described by the function components names and numbers. The components case represents the members. (function component and other structure components， main driven parameter, the number, and their constrain relations.) The component case (the lowest layer of the fixture) is the structure of function component and other components. In the modern fixture design there are lots of parametric standard parts and common non standard parts. So the component case library should record the specification parameter and the way in which it keeps them. 2 Strategy of Case RetrievalIn the case based design of fixtures ,the most important thing is the retrieval of the similarity, which can help to obtain the most similar case, and to cut down the time of adaptation. According to the requirement of fixture design, the strategy of case retrieval combines the way of the nearest neighbor and knowledge guided. That is, first search on depth, then on breadth; the knowledge guided strategy means to search on the knowledge rule from root to the object, which is firstly searched by the fixture type, then by the shape of the workpiece, thirdly by the locating method. For example, if the case index code includes the milling fixture of fixture type, the search is just for all milling fixtures, then for box of workpiece shape, the third for 1plane+ 2pine of locating method. If there is no match of it, then the search stops on depth, and returns to the upper layer, and retrieves all the relative cases on breadth.Retrieval algorithms:1)According to the case index information of fixture case library, search the relevant case library;2)Match the case index code with the code of each case of the case library, and calculate the value of the similarity measure;3)Sort the order of similarity measure, the biggest value, which is the most analogical case.Similarity between two cases is based on the similarity between the two cases. features. The calculation of similarity measure depends on the type of the feature. The value of similarity can be calculated for numerical values, for example, compareWorkpiece with the weight of 50kg and 20kg. The value can also be calculated between non numerical values, for example, now the first 13 digits index code is all non numerical values. The similarity measure of a fixture is calculated as follows: where S is the similarity measure of current fixture, n is the number of the index feature, is the weight of each feature, is the similarity measure of the attribute of the i2th feature with the attributeof relative feature of the j-th case in the case library. At the same time, , the value counts as follows:.Where is the value of the index attribute of the i-th feature, and is the value of attribute of the relative i-th feature of the j-th case in case library.So there are two methods to select the analogical fixture. One is to set the value. If the values of similarity measure of current cases were less than a given value, those cases would not be selected as analogical cases. When the case library is initially set up, and there are only a few cases, the value can be set smaller. If there are lots of analogical cases, the value should get larger. The other is just to set the number of the analogical cases (such as10), which is the largest value of similarity measure from the sorted order.3 Case adaptation and Case Storage3.1 Case adaptation The modification of the analogical case in the fixture design includes the following three cases:1) The substitution of components and the component;2) Adjusting the dimension of components and the component while the form remains; 3) The redesign of the model.If the components and component of the fixture are common objects, they can be edited, substituted and deleted with tools, which have been designed.3.2 Case storageBefore saving a new fixture case in the case library, the designer must consider whether the saving is valuable. If the case does not increase the knowledge of the system, it is not necessary to store it in the case library. If it is valuable, then the designer must analyze it before saving it to see whether the case is stored as a prototype case or as reference case. A prototype case is a representation that can describe the main features of a case family. A case family consists of those cases whose index codes have the same first 13 digits and different last three digits in the case library. The last three digits of a prototype case are always “000”. A reference case belongs to the same family as the prototype case and is distinguished by the different last three digits.From the concept that has been explained, the following strategies are adopted:1) If a new case matches any existing case family, it has the same first 13 digits as an existing prototype case, so the case is not saved because it is represented well by the prototype case. Or is just saved as a reference case (the last 3 digits are not “000”, and not the same with others) in the case library.2) If a new case matches any existing case family and is thought to be better at representing this case family than the previous prototype case, then the prototype case is substituted by this new case, and the previous prototype case is saved as a reference case.3) If a new case does not match any existing case family, a new case family will be generated automatically and the case is stored as the prototype case in the case library.4 Process of CBR in Fixture DesignAccording to the characteristics of fixture design, the basic information of the fixture design such as the name of fixture, part, product and the designer, etc. must be input first. Then the fixture file is set up automatically, in which all components of the fixture are put together. Then the model of the workpiece is input or designed. The detailed information about the workpiece is input, the case index code is set up, and then the CBR begins to search the analogical cases, relying on the similarity measure, and the most analogical case is selected out. If needed, the case is adapted to satisfy the current design, and restored into the case library. The flowchart of the process is shown in Fig.3.5 Illustrating for Fixture Design by CBRThis is a workpiece (seeFig.4). Its material is 45# steel. Its name is seat. Its shape is block, and the product batch size is middle, etc. A fixture is turning fixture that serves to turn the hole, which needs to be designed. The value of feature, attribute, case index code and weight of the workpiece is show n in Tab.2.Through searching, and calculating the similarity, the case index code of the most similar case is 19325513321402000, and the detailed information is show n in Tab. 3. The similarity is calculated as follows:So the value of similarity measure of the fixture which needs to be designed with the most analogical case in case library is 0.806, and the structure of the most analogical case is shown in Fig.5.After having been substituted the component, modified the locating model and clamp model, and adjusted the relative dimension, the new fixture is designed, and the figure is show n in Fig.6.As there is not the analogical fixture in the case library, the new fixture is restored in to the case library. The case index code is 19325513311402000.6 ConclusionCBR, as a problem solving methodology, is a more efficient method than an expert system to simulate human thought, and has been developed in many domains where knowledge is difficult to acquire. The advantages of the CBR are as follows: it resembles human thought more closely; the building of a case library which has self learning ability by saving new cases is easier and faster than the building of a rule library; and it supports a better transfer and explanation of new knowledge that is more different than the rule library. A proposed fixture design framework on the CBR has been implemented by using Visual C +, UG/Open API in U n graphics with Oracle as database support, which also has been integrated with the 32D parametric common component library, common components library and typical fixture library. The prototype system, developed here, is used for the aviation project, and aids the fixture designers to improve the design efficiency and reuse previous design resources.中文应用和发展基于实例推理的夹具设计 摘要：基于案例的设计（CBD）方法，夹具相似性体现在两个方面:功能和结构信息。然后，计算机辅助夹具设计系统是建立在基于案例的推理（CBR），并对工件和夹具结构的主要特征属性作为案例索引代码用于检索类似的情况，并且结构和案例库的层次关系建立商店，同时，算法在检索相似案例知识的引导，案例策略适应在离子和案例库中案例验证如果猫离子数是用来区分相似的案例，该系统在某工程中的应用提高了设计效率，取得了良好的效果。 关键词：基于案例的推理；夹具设计；计算机辅助设计（CAD） 夹具装置，作为夹持工件的安全的目的地，并且维护方面的工具的一致性关系，而加工。因为夹具的结构取决于产品的特点以及在企业中的地位的计划，它的设计制造过程中的瓶颈，制约提高效率和交货期。夹具的设计是一个复杂的过程，根据经验，需要一系列的设计问题包括工件的结构综合定性知识，制造过程与加工环境。这也是一个使用传统的CAD工具时，非常耗费时间的工作（如词素文字，CATIA、PRO/E），在进行详细设计的任务是好的，但提供很少的利益利用以往设计经验和资源，这正是提高效率的关键因素。基于案例的推理（CBR）方法适应以前解决的情况下为以下四个步骤建立一个新的问题的解决方案：检索，重用，修改，并保留 1 。这是一个比一个专家系统模拟人类思维的运用更有用的方法，因为提出类似的案例和应用了一些修改似乎是自我解释和更直观的人类。于是各种基于案例的设计支持工具已经开发了众多的地区 2-4 ，如在注射成型设计，建筑设计，压铸模的设计，工艺规划，并在夹具设计。太阳用六个数字组成，包括工件形状，机械部分，该索引编码套管，第一定位装置，定位装置和夹紧装置第二 5 。但是该系统不能用于除钻夹具其他灯具类型，并不能解决同一索引的代码存储问题需要被保留，而CBR 6 是很重要的。1 一个案例检索和案例库的建设1.1例指数 案例索引应该由工件的所有特征，是区别于不同的夹具。使用所有这些会使操作方便。因为地区的形式是多种多样的，并在企业的制造技术的要求也不断发展，作为案例索引的许多功能将使搜索速度慢，和主要特点不重要，因为相对权重分配给每个特征，必须减少。另一方面，它是很难包括案例索引的所有功能。 因此，从实用化、快速的设计需求，案例索引包括工件的主要特征和夹具结构。案例索引代码由16位数：13位数的情况下识别号案件的特点和3个数字。 前13个数字代表13个特点。每个数字对应的特征的属性，这可能是一个“*”，“？”，“1”，“2”，“A”，“B”，“Z”，等等。其中，“*”是指任何人，”？“不，”0“没有什么。系统规则：夹具，工件形状，定位模型不能“*”或“？“。当系统的设计，该三个项目的属性信息，没有这些选项，这意味着一定的属性必须选择。最后三位数字是如此的识别号码，即案例特征的13位数字是相同的，和这三个数字的位数是用来区分。 该系统还规定：“000”是一个原型的情况下，这是用于检索，和其他案件的“001”，“002”，这是用于要搜索的设计者参考案例。如果偶尔他们当中的一个需要改变为原型的情况下，首先必须将改变一个“000”，和前改为自动参考案例。的情况下，指数代码结构如图1所示。1.2例库 案例库包含预定义的众多案例。案例的表示是基于案例推理的最重要的问题。所以复合指标代码，。1.3个层次的案例 夹具的结构相似性表示作为整个夹具的相似性，相似性和相似性成分组成。所以整个夹具实例库，组件的案例库，案例库的夹具元件形成相应。通常整个夹具设计信息是由工件信息和工件程序的信息，这是专门设计满足功能需求的夹具。整个夹具实例是由功能部件，这是由功能部件的名称和编号描述。组件的情况下代表成员。（功能组件和其他结构部件，主要驱动参数，数量，和他们的约束关系。）的组件的情况下（夹具的最低层）的功能组件和其他组件的结构。在现代灯具设计有参数化标准件和常用的非标准件的大量。这样的组件的情况下，图书馆应记录，它使他们这样的规格参数。2.案例检索策略 基于案例的夹具设计，最重要的是相似性检索，以获得最相似的情况下，和降低的时间适应。根据夹具的设计要求，案例检索策略相结合的方式，最近的邻居和知识引导。那是，深度优先搜索，然后在广度；知识引导策略意味着对从根到对象的知识规则的搜
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