英语定语从句用法大全.doc

英语定语从句用法大全定语从句（一）定语从句一般由关系代词和关系副词引导1、关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that, as2、关系副词：when, where, why关系代词和关系副词必须位于从句之首，主句先行词之后，起着连接先行词和从句的作用， 同时在从句中又充当句子成分。e.g. She is the girl who sings best of all.（关系代词who在从句中作主语） The comrade with whom I came knows French.（whom在从句中作介词with的宾语）3、关系代词和关系副词的用法：1）当先行词为人时用who 作主语，whom作宾语；2）当先行词为物或整个句子时用which ，可作主语或宾语；3）先行词为人、物时用that ，可作主语或宾语；4）whose用作定语，可指人或物；5）关系副词when（指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，where（指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语），why（指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语）。（二）限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 1、限制性定语从句：从句与主句关系密切，去掉从句，主句意义不完整，甚至不合逻辑。 e.g. I was the only person in our office who was invited.（去掉定语从句，意思就不完整） 2、非限制性定语从句：从句对先行词关系不密切，去掉定从句，意思仍然完整。形式上用逗号隔开，不能that用引导。 e.g. Toms father, who is over sixty, still works hard day and night.（who引导非限制性定语从句，整个句子可分成两句来翻译）（三）使用定语从句时特别注意的几个问题1、that与which的区别。1）用that而不用 which的情况：先行词为不定代词all, anything, nothing, ；先行词有最高级修饰，有序数词修饰；先行词有only, very, any等词修饰；先行词既有人又有物时。e.g. There is nothing that can prevent him from doing it. 没有什么能阻止他不干那件事。 The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 在桂林他们所参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。 This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这部电影是我看过的最好的一部。 Mr Smith is the only foreigner that he knows. 史密斯先生是他认识的唯一的外国人。2）用which而不用 that的情况：引导非限制性定语从句；代表整个主句的意思；介词 + 关系代词。e.g. He had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry. 他数学考试没有及格，这使他的父亲很生气。 This is the room in which my father lived last year. 这是父亲去年居住过的房子。3）as引导定语从句时的用法as引导限制性定语从句通常用于the same as, such as结构中。e.g. I want the same shirt as my friends. 我要一件跟我朋友一样的衬衫。 Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China. 我们车间使用的这种机器是中国制造的。as引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用来修饰整个句子。通常用下列句型：as is known to all, as is said, as is reported, as is announced, as we all know, as I expect 等。e.g. As I expected, he got the first place again in this mid-term examination. 正如我所预料的那样，他在这次期中考试中又获得了第一名。3）as 引导非限制性定语从句时与which的区别当主句和从句语义一致时，用as；反之，用which来引导非限制性定语从句。e.g. He made a long speech, as we expected. He made a long speech, which was unexpected.当非限制定语从句为否定时，常用which引导。e.g. Tom drinks a lot every day, which his wife doesnt like at all.2. 关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词单数还是用复数应由先行词决定。e.g. The man who lives downstairs speaks English fluently. 住在楼下的那个人英语说得很流利。 The students who are in Grade Three are going to climb the hill tomorrow.3. 定语从句有时不直接紧靠先行词，中间由一个定语、状语或谓语隔开。e.g. There is an expression in his eyes that I cant understand.4. 引导定语从句的关系副词有时可以用“介词 + which”来代替。e.g. October 1, 1949 was the day on which ( = when ) the Peoples Republic of China was founded.5. 当定语从句中谓语动词是带介词或副词的固定短语动词时，短语动词的各个固定部分不要拆开。e.g. The sick man whom she is looking after is her father.6. 介词在关系代词前，只能用which和whom，且不能省略；介词在句尾，关系代词可有which, that, whom, 口语中也可用who，且可省略。e.g. The man (whom/ who/ that) you were talking about has come to school.高考英语定语从句用法及专练一.定义：1.定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等；关系副词有where, when, why等。关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。二.关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人，在从句中做主语(1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One.(2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.(2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys.(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.4. that指人时，相当于who 或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。(5) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替(3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.(4) The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.(5) Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?(6) Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?三.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句（根据先行词还原法）关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词+关系代词引导(1) The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.(2) The school in which he once studied is very famous.(3) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for.(4) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked.(5) Well go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about.(6) Well go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.注意：1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等(1) This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (T)(2) This is the watch for which I am looking. (F)2. 若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用which，不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose(1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. (T)(2) The man who/that you talked with is my friend. (F)(3) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (T)(4) The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. (F)3.“介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词(1) He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.(2) In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.(3) There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.四关系副词引导的定语从句1. when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.(2) The time when we got together finally came.2. where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.3. why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.(2) I dont know the reason why he looks unhappy today.注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.(3) Great changes have taken place in the city in which/where I was born.五限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句举例：(1) The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on.(2) China is a country which has a long history.非限制性定语从句举例：(1) His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.(2) China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful.要注意区分以下几个句子的不同(1) His brother who is now a doctor always encourages him to go to college. 他那当医生的哥哥常鼓励他要考上大学。（他还有其他的哥哥）(2) His brother, who is now a doctor, always encourages him to go to college. 他的哥哥是当医生的，常鼓励他要考上大学。（他只有一个哥哥）难点分析 （一）限制性定语从句只能用that 的几种情况1当先行词是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, some 等代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much 等修饰时(1) Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said?(2) There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world.(3) All that can be done has been done.(4) There is little that I can do for you.注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who(4) Any man that/.who has a sense of duty wont do such a thing.2. 当先行词被序数词修饰(1) The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.3. 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时(1) This is the best film that I have seen.4. 当形容词被the very, the only修饰时(1) This is the very dictionary that I want to buy,(2) After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned.当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who(3) Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting/5. 当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时(1) Who is the man that is standing there?(2) Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?6. 当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时(1) Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?（二）关系代词as和which 引导的定语从句as和which引导非限制性定语从句，有相同之处也有不同之处。具体情况是：1As和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。(1) He married her, as/which was natural.(2) He was honest, as/which we can see.2. as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如，正像”的意思(1) As is known to all, China is a developing country.(2) He is from the south, as we can see from his accent.(3) John, as you know, is a famous writer.(4) He has been to Paris more than several times, which I dont believe.注意：当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时，常用which(5) Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry.3. 当先行次受such, the same修饰时，常用as(1) I have never heard such a story as he tells.(2) He is not such a fool as he looks.(3) This is the same book as I lost last week.注意：当先行次由the same修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但是和由as 所引导的定语从句意思不同(4) She wore the same dress that she wore at Marys wedding. 她穿着她在Mary婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。(5) She wore the same dress as her young sister wore. 她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。（三）以the way为先行词的定语从句通常由in which, that引导，而且通常可以省略。(1) The way in which/ that/./ he answered the question was surprising.(四) but 有时也可以做关系词引导定语从句(1) There are very few but understand his idea. ( but= who dont )(五)区分定语从句和同位语从句1定语从句修饰先行词，它和先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，是补充说明的关系(1) The plane that has just taken off is for London. 定语从句(2) The fact that he has been dead is clear. 同位于从句2定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导，关系词在句中充当成分，有时可以省略；同位语从句主要由that引导，在句中一般不做成分；句子也可以由when, where, how, why, whether, what等词引导，充当成分(1) The news he told me is true.(2) The news that he has just died is true.(3) The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money. 定语(4) The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve.3. 同位语从句和先行词一般可以用be动词发展成一个完整的句子，而定语从句不可以(1) The idea that we could ask the teacher for advice is wonderful. (2) The idea was that we could ask the teacher for advice.(3) The fact that the earth moves around the earth is known to all. 同位语(4) The fact is that the earth moves around the earth.定语从句专项练习1.The place _interested me most was the Childrens Palace.A. Which B. where C. what D. in which2.Do you know the man _?A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke3.This is the hotel _last month.A. which they stayed B. at that they stayedC. where they stayed at D. where they stayed4.Do you know the year _the Chinese Communist Party was founded?A. which B. that C. when D. on which5.That is the day _Ill never forget.A. which B. on which C. in which D. when6.The factory _well visit next week is not far from here.A. where B. to which C. which D. in which7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _we are working.A. where B. that C. which D. there8.This is one of the best films _.A. that have been shown this year B. that have shownC. that has been shown this year D. that you talked9.Can you lend me the book _the other day?A. about which you talked B. which you talkedC. about that you talked D. that you talked10.The pen _he is writing is mine.A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of _sat a small boy.A. whom B. who C. which D. that12.The engineer _my father works is about 50 years old.A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom13.It there anyone in your class _family is in the country?A. who B. whos C. which D. whose14.Im interested in _you have said.A. all that B. all what C. that D. which15.I want to use the same dictionary _was used yesterday.A. which B. who C. what D. as16.He isnt such a man _he used to be.A. who B. whom C. that D. as17.He is good at English, _we all know.A. that B. as C. whom D. what18.Li Ming, _to the concert enjoyed it very much.A. I went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went D.I went with him19.I dont like _ as you read.A. the novels B. the such novels C. such novels D. same novels20.He talked a lot about things and persons _they remembered in the school.A. which B. that C. whom D. what21.The letter is from my sister, _is working in Beijing.A. which B. that C. whom D. who22.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of _are women.A. them B. which C. whom D. who23.Youre the only person _Ive ever met _could do it.A. who;/ B./; whom C. whom;/ D./; who24.I lost a book, _I cant remember now.A. whose title B. its title C. the title of it D. the title of that25.Last summer we visited the West Lake, _Hangzhou is famous in the world. A. for which B. for that C. in which D. what26.I have bought such a watch _ was advertised on TV.A. that B. which C. as D. it27.I can never forget the day _ we worked together and the day _ we spent together.A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when28.The way _he looks at problems is wrong.A. which B. whose C. what D./29.This is the reason _he didnt come to the meeting.A. in which B. with which C. that D. for which30.This machine, _for many years, is still working perfectly.A. after which I have looked B. which I have looked afterC. that I have looked after D. I have looked after31.The reason _he didnt come was _he was ill.A. why; that B.that;why C. for that;that D.for which;what32.He is working hard, _will make him pass the final exam.A.that B.which C.for which D.who33.That is not the way _I do it.A./ B.which C.for which D.with which34.I have two grammars, _are of great use.A. all of which B. either of which C. both of that D. both of which35.I want to use the same tools _used in your factory a few days ago.A. as was B. which was C. as were D. which36.My neigh bours used to give me a hand in time of trouble, _ was very kind of them.A. who B. which C. that D. it 37.This is the magazine _ I copied the paragraph.A. that B. which C. from that D. from which 38.He is not such a man _ would leave his work half done.A. that B. which C. who D. as 39. You can depend on whatever promise _ he makes.A. / B. why C. when D. whose 40. Smoking, _ is a bad habit, is, however, popular.A. that B. which C. it D. though 41. - Did you ask the guard _ happened? - Yes, he told me all _ he knew.A. what; that B. what; what C. which; which D. that; that 42. I shall never forget those years _ I lived on the farm with the farmers, _ has a great effect on my life.A. when; who B. that; which C. which; that D. when; which 43. The number of the people who _ cars _ increasing.A. owns; are B. owns; is C. own; is D. own; are 44. During the days _, he worked as a servant at the Browns.A. followed B. following C. to follow D. that followed 45. Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn?A. that B. / C. which D. it 46. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, _ he could see _ was going on inside house.A. which; what B. through which; what C. through that; what D. what; that 47. Is _ some German friends visited last week?A. this school B. this the school C. this school one D. this school where 48. John got beaten in the game, _ had been expected.A. as B. that C. what D. who 49. I have bought two ballpens, _ writes well.A. none of them B. neither of them C. neither of which D. none of which 50. All that can be eaten _ eaten up.A. are being B. has been C. had been D. have been 参考答案及解析:1. A. which用作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语。2C. 和谁讲话”要说speak to sb. 本题全句应为Do you know the man whom I spoke to.。whom是关系代词，作介词to的宾语，可以省略。3. D. where是关系副词，表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。4. C. when是关系副词，表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。5A. which是关系代词，在从句中作forget的宾语。其他几个答案都不能作宾语。6C. 解析同第5题。7. A. 解析见第3题。8. A. 本句话的先行词应该是films,因此，关系代词that是负数概念，其谓语动词应用复述的被动语态have been shown。如果句中的one前面使用了定冠词the，则the one应该视为先行词。9. A. “谈到某事物”应说talk about sth.。about是介词，其后要用which作宾语，不能用that。10. A. with which是介词+关系代词结构,常用来引导定语从句.with有用的意思,介词之后只能用which,不能用that. with which在定语从句中作状语,即he is writing with a pen.11. C. in front of which 即in front of a farmhouse. In front of which在从句中作状语.12. D. with whom引导定语从句.with whom放在从句中即为:my father works with the engineer.13. D. whose引导定语从句,在从句中作主语family的定语.14. A. that引导定语从句,因为先行词是all,所以只能选用that引导.15. D. the same.as是固定用法, as引导定语从句时,可以作主语,宾语或表语.在本句话中,as作从句的主语.16. D. such as是固定用法,as引导定语从句时,可以作主语,宾语或表语.在本题中,as作表语.17. B. as作关系代词可以单独用来引导非限制性定语从句。这时as所指代的不是主句中某个名词，而往往指代整个主句的含义。as在从句中可以作主语、宾语。从句可放在主句后，也可置于主句前。在本句中,as作宾语.18. B. Li Ming enjoyed it very much是主句,with whom I went to the concert是定语从句.with whom放在从句中为:I went to the concert with Li Ming.19. C. as引导定语从句时通常构成suchas或the sameas固定搭配，其中such和same修饰其后的名词，as为关系代词，指代其前的名词引导定语从句。 as在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。Such修饰单数名词时,要用such a.,本题中such books, such直接修饰复数名词.20. B. things和persons是先行词.当定语从句要修饰的先行词是既表示人,又表示物的名词时,其关系代词要用that.21. D. who引导非限制性定语从句,who作从句的主语.22. C. two thirds of whom 即:two thirds of the 2,000 workers.23. D