高级英语1练习答案(Unit 1).doc

高级英语1第1单元练习答案I. Text Comprehension1. Decide which of the following best states the authors purpose.A. To condemn with the authors own experience racial discrimination in American society as late as the 1940s.B. To describe the authors trip with her family to Washington D.C. as a graduation present.C. To disclose the fact that the black people were still leading a poor life in the United States.Key: A 2. Judge, according to the text, whether the following statements are true or false.1. The author took her first trip to Washington D. C. at the beginning of the summer upon her graduation from the eighth grade. T 2. The authors sister graduated at the same time from the same school. F 3. They went at night on a milk train to Washington D. C. because it was cheaper. F 4. The dining car food in the 1940s always cost too much money and no one could tell whose hands had been playing all over that food, nor where those same hands had been just before. F 5. Phylliss high school senior class trip had been to Washington D. C. before, but she didnt enjoy herself at all. F 6. The authors father, moved by the historical surroundings and the heat of early evening, decided to entertain the family again. T 7. Insulted by the waitresss words, the author and her family turned around and marched out of the store, quiet but outraged. T 8. The author wrote and typed her angry letter and managed to mail it to the president of the United States. F II. Writing Strategies1. Flashback:A flashback (闪回) is a technique used by writers. It is often used in movies, television and literature. It involves a character remembering something that happened to him in the past.Activity: Besides Paragraph 2, youre expected to find out some other paragraphs that contain this technique.Tips: Besides Paragraph 2, Paragraphs 6, 8 and 9 contain or involve flashbacks.Here is a movie clip from The Bourne Ultimatum, in which the technique of flashback is used.2. SymbolismSymbolism in art tries to show not what is real but what could stand instead of what exists. It deals with ideas that arent physical, mostly.e.g. Moby-Dick: representation of an unknowable God;Scarlet Letter: The scarlet letter “A” is meant to be a symbol of shame, but instead it becomes a powerful symbol of identity to Hester.Activity: Find some examples of symbolism in the text.Tips: “summer brightness” (Paragraph 8)“corolla of dazzling whiteness” (Paragraph 9)“white mottled marble” (Paragraph 15)The repeated “white” in the last paragraph, and it reveals the phony democracy of the United States and the false freedom of colored people, which drove our writer mad and indignant.III. Language Work1. Explain the underlined part in each sentence in your own words.1) The first time I went to Washington D.C. was on the edge of the at the beginning of2) Preparations were in the air around our house before school was even over. the whole family were already either actually busy making preparations or enjoying the ambience3) In fact, my first trip to Washington was a mobile feast. a large enjoyable meal on the train4) as if we had never been Black before. as if we had never been mistreated for being black.5) My parents wouldnt speak of this injustice, not because they had contributed to it.had partially caused6) My fury was not going to be acknowledged by a like fury. was not going to be openly sympathized with by people displaying a similar anger2. Fill in each blank with one of the two words from each pair in their appropriate forms and note the difference of meaning between them. bruise scarExplanation: bruise indicates an injury of the surface flesh, caused by a blow that does not necessarily break the skin and that results in a marked skin; the word can also suggest the tendency to turn black-and-blue from small impacts. Scar refers to the forming of a mark over a healed wound or suggests the doing of damage that will leave a lasting mark.1) Be sure to store these tropical fruits carefully as they bruise easily.2) She continued massaging her right foot, which was bruised and aching.3) He was scarred for life during a pub fight.4) This is something thats going to scar him forever.dampen soakExplanation: Dampen is to make or become somewhat wet, emphasizing the moist condition that results. In a figurative sense, the word means to depress. Soak means to wet thoroughly, implying immersion. To soak something is to place it in liquid and leave it long enough for the liquid to act upon it.1) Nothing quite beats the luxury of soaking in a long and hot bath at the end of a tiring day. 2) Dampen the stamp at the back and stick it on the envelope; there you are. 3) Ive gotten my feet thoroughly soaked in the cold, feeling frozen through and through.4) I hate to dampen your spirits, but arent you overlooking a few minor points?acknowledge admitExplanation: Acknowledge is to accept responsibility for something one makes known, and we acknowledge something embarrassing or awkward, and usually not voluntarily; more often, the acknowledgment is extracted from one more or less unwillingly. Admit is a bold acknowledgment of implication in something one has formerly tended to deny or to equivocate about. 1) There are some faults which men readily admit but others not so readily” (Epictetus).2) The general finally acknowledged that the war had not been going as well as expected, but he affirmed that a shift in strategy would enhance the prospects of victory.3) His cooking reflects a determination to acknowledge his northern roots. 4) He admitted under questioning that he was in the service of a foreign power, but denied that he was guilty of espionage. agony anguishExplanation Agony represents suffering, the endurance of which calls forth every human resource. Its severity is of such extent that the word is often used to denote the struggle and pain that may precede death. Anguish points to the extremity of grief which so terrifies the spirit as to be insupportable. 1) In a Guatemalan prison, the man lingered in agony for 18 minutes when the lethal injection finally took effect. 2) So you will be saving these villagers a lot of trouble and anguish if you tell us now where they are.3) No child deserves to live in the shadow of fear, anguish and pain. 4) The driver screamed in agony and dropped the automatic as he was crushed between the door and the chassis.3. Fill in the blank in each sentence with a word or phrase taken from the box, using its appropriate form. ensconceagonyvulnerablein private dazzleavowtravestydainty approverelievedecreeflair1) The local council has decreed that the hospitals that are not able to reach the service standards should close.2) When Hamlet murmured To be, or not to be, he was faced with a(n) agonizing dilemma.3) The young mother smiled approvingly at her son, who asked to play outdoors. 4) The Prime Minister is now firmly ensconced in Downing Street with a large majority. 5) We need a manager with plenty of flair to run the business in China.6) It is noticed that quick-minded people suffer no vulnerability to criticism. 7) It was a relief to be outside in the fresh air again after staying weeks-long underground. 8) The governments avowed commitment to reduce tax has been largely appreciated.4. Make a sentence of your own for each of the given words with meanings other than those used in the text. You may change the part of speech of these words.1) present John presented me with the challenge, and I took it up.2) capital To open a supermarket demands a large amount of capital.3) pack Well, its your turn to shuffle the pack and deal the cards.4) move It would be a wise move to check the market first.5) counter The results of the test ran counter to expectations.6) drop Is there a drop of tea left in the pot?5. Fill in each blank with a definite, indefinite, or zero article. (1) The concept of (2) / sleep research is (3) a fairly new development. (4) A lot of experimental work is done to increase our knowledge about (5) / insomnia and other sleep-related problems in order to help (6) / people who are deprived of (7) / sleep. Some of these studies have shown that, although some people have (8) / trouble falling asleep, (9) / others have (10) an equally difficult time waking up. It is believed that there is (11) a natural cycle which regulates (12) / mans body temperature. During (13) the night (14) a persons temperature may drop one or two degrees, and it can be difficult to arouse him in (15) the morning if his body hasnt become hot enough yet. In addition, (16) a person awakened during (17) a period of (18) / heavy sleep is irritable and cannot think clearly. Finally, some people dont want to get up simply because they dont like (19) the activity that awaits them.Tips: An online brief introduction ()How to Use Articles (a/an/the)The can be used with non-count nouns, or the article can be omitted entirely. A/an can be used only with count nouns. Some common types of nouns that dont take an article are: Names of languages and nationalities;Names of sports;Names of academic subjects.6. Put a word in each blank that is appropriate for the context. I remember the very day that I became colored. Up (1) to my thirteenth year I lived in the little Negro town of Eatonville, Florida. The only (2) white people I knew passed through the town going to or coming (3) from Orlando. The native whites rode dusty horses, and the Northern tourists chugged down the sandy village road in automobiles. The Northerners were peered at cautiously from behind curtains by the (4) timid. The more venturesome would come out on the porch to watch them go past and got just as (5) much pleasure out of the tourists as the tourists got out of the village. During this period, white people (6) differed from the colored to me only in that they rode through town and never (7) lived there. They liked to hear me “speak pieces” and sing and wanted to see me dance, and (8) gave me generously of their small silver for doing these things, which seemed (9) strange to me for I wanted to do them so much that I needed bribing to (10) stop . Only they didnt know it. The colored people gave no dimes.IV. Translation1. Translating Sentences1) 我自己还没有看过，不过大家都认为是一部好片子。(suppose) I havent seen it myself, but it is supposed to be a really good movie.suppose vt. assume, believe, accept as true; pretend that sth. is true; take sth. as a factbe supposed to do sth: be expected or required to do sth.e.g.Am I supposed to be at the meeting on Tuesday?Latin America is supposed to be a pretty inexpensive place to travel in.This restaurant is supposed to make excellent salads.e.g.Scientists can only suppose that the illness is caused by a virus.2) 女主人把奶酪切成一口一块的大小，客人们吃起来就方便了。(bite-size) The hostess cut the cheese into bite-size pieces; therefore, it would be more convenient for the guests to eat it.bite-size adj.(usa. before noun)a) small enough to be put whole into your mouthe.g.Cut the chicken into bite-sized pieces.b) small enough to be read or dealt with easilye.g.The guides are produced in bite-sized sections.3) 睡眠不足的话，很少有人能够正常生活。(deprive) No one can function properly if they are deprived of adequate sleep.deprive vt. if you deprive someone of something, you take it away from them or prevent them from having itdeprive someone of somethinge.g.As a child he had been deprived of love and attention.The courts cannot deprive me of the right to see my child.4) 他细心地学我的样子，装作什么怪事都没有发生。(copy) He carefully copied my pretense that nothing unusual had occurred.copy vt.a) to make a copy that is the same as the original thinge.g.They were charged with illegally copying videotapes.b) to do something in the same way as someone elsee.g.Children learn by copying their parents.5) 他上台后发布的第一项法令就是禁止私人拥有枪支。(decree) The first decree he issued after he came into office was that private ownership of guns (should) be banned.fan-cooled adj. cooled by blowing a current of air on with or as if with a fane.g.totally enclosed fan-cooled type induction motor(全封闭扇冷式感应电动机)6) 我就是来看他那被说得神乎其神的脚法的。(fabled) Ive come to see his fabled footwork that people talk so much about.decree n. an official decision or order made by a leader or governmente.g.Napoleon made a conquerors entry into Berlin. Here he issued the Berlin Decree that barred British goods from Europe.（拿破仑以征服者的姿态进入柏林。在那里颁布了禁止英国与欧洲大陆通商的柏林敕令。） 7) 我不是一个严格意义上的教师，因为我没有接受过训练，但是我有丰富的教学经验。(proper) Im not a teacher proper, since I havent been trained, but Ive had a lot of teaching per adj. a) only before noun suitable for the purpose or situatione.g.You have to have the proper tools for the job.b) never before noun understood in its most exact meaninge.g.Does he live in Swansea proper or in the suburbs?8) 学生通常都会在考试之前猜考试题目。(anticipate) Students tend to anticipate what questions they will be asked on the examination.anticipate vt.a) to think that something will probably happene.g. The organizers hadnt anticipated the huge interest there was in the event.The building will be completed around six months earlier than anticipated.b)to guess that something will happen, and be ready to deal with ite.g.Luckily we had anticipated the question.2. Translating Passage Translate the following into Chinese.It would be fatal for America to overlook the urgency of the moment and to underestimate the determination of the Negro. This sweltering summer of the Negros legitimate discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn of freedom and equality. Nineteen sixty-three is not an end, but a beginning. There will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro is granted his citizenship rights. The whirlwinds of revolt will continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the bright day of justice emerges.参考译文:如果美国对此时此刻的迫切性视而不见，低估黑人的决心，那么这对美国的命运来说将是致命的。自由平等、令人心旷神怡的秋天遥遥无期，黑人正当愤怒的闷热夏季就不会消失。1963年并不是终结，而是一个开端。只要黑人得不到公民权益，美国就不可能有安宁和稳定。反抗的旋风会继续撼动这个国家的根基，直到光明正义的日子来临。V. Oral Activities1. Giving A TalkSince the founding of the Peoples Republic of China, working people are said to have been the owners of the nation. In spite of the great improvement in peoples living standards, polarization of wealth and poverty seems to be getting more and more serious. Therefore, discrimination of some kinds has occurred in China today. If you agree, give examples and explore the causes.You could probably begin your talk with “I know that were, generally speaking, living a happy life. However, for one reason or another, we might have heard of instances of inequality in our society. Now let me give you some examples.”Tips: Let me give you some examples to illustrate the inequality that I believe exists in our society. A person from a rural area might be looked down upon with a contemptuous glance. Female students might have the experience of being discriminated against in job-hunting. Elderly people might fail to get the priority seats on the bus. And patients who are seriously ill might be refused to be hospitalized just because they have insufficient money. Such things may have been caused by factors that are social, psychological, economic, geographical, or whatever.2. Having A DiscussionAlthough it has long been claimed that all men are created equal and independent, people, in reality, for one reason or another, suffer from discrimination, racial, gender, age, or whatever. The text The Fourth of July is a vivid illustration of racial discrimination in the United States sometime in the 1950s and 1960s. On the basis of your understanding, please hold a group discussion on the authors narration about her experiences in terms of racial discrimination.Tips: Excited as the author had been about her first trip to Washington D.C., the capital of the United States, where all men are proclaimed to be equal, she was very much shocked at the white waitresss refusal to serve them simply because they were black. Besides, her mother would not allow her to go to the dining car on the surface because of the high price for the meal there, but essentially because of black people being denied the right to sit in that part of the train in 1947. And her sister Phyllis had been excluded from her class trip to Washington, also because of her skin color. This essay discloses the racial discrimination against the black people in a country that boasts freedom and equality for all people, white and black.VI. WritingStudy the following picture carefully and write an essay of about 400 words on the following topic:HOW TO FIND AN IDEAL JOBYou should: describe the cartoon; give some tips to job seekers.The following patterns or sentences may be useful when you interpret a picture.As described/illustrated/portrayed/shown/in the picture, .As can be seen from the photo, . According to the picture, As you can see from the picture,.In the cartoon, we can see thatThe cartoon is thought-provoking, and it illustrates a common phenomenon in todays society. Essay development by interpreting picturesHOW TO FIND AN IDEAL JOBIt can be seen in the cartoon that a young man is writing an application letter for a job. Obviously, so many advertisements around make him nervous and bewildered. Indeed, how to find a good job causes most job seekers a headache. There are many factors to take into account when you apply for a job, but in my opinion, they boil down to three major ones.First of all, tailoring your career to your personal interest is importa