状语从句ppt课件.ppt

状语从句 1 状语时用来修饰词 词 词或的一种句子成分 它可以表示时间 地点 原因 目的 结果 条件 让步 比较 方式等 当充当状语的部分是一个句子时 也就是状语从句 分类如下 动 形容 副 句子 什么是状语 2 状语从句 1 时间状语从句 2 地点状语从句 3 原因状语从句 4 条件状语从句 5 让步状语从句 6 目的状语从句 7 结果状语从句 8 方式状语从句 9 比较状语从句 3 1 时间状语从句 引导词可分为两部分 aswhilewhenwheneverbeforeafteruntil till sinceassoonas everytimenexttimethefirst timethemomenttheminute instantlyimmediatelydirectly 一 就 4 as引导的时间状语从句 可以表达 正当 一边 一边 随着 等意思 1 表示某事一发生 另一事立即发生 Asthesunrose thefogdisappeared 2 表示在某事发生的过程中 另一事发生 Justashewasspeakingtherewasaloudexplosion 3 表示两个动作同时发生 Helensangasongasshewashed 4 表示 随着 常指一个行为是另一个行为的结果 或一种状态随另一种状态变化 句中的动词多表示状态的发展变化 Asshegrewolder shebecamemorebeautiful 1 as while when的区别 5 while 持续性动词 进行时 一般或现在情况 将来情况 V一般现在时或现在进行时 过去情况 e g IlikelisteningtomusicwhileIamdoingmyhomework e g I mgoingtothepostoffice Whileyouarethere canyougetsomestampsforme e g IhurtmyshouldwhileIwasdoinggym 6 WhileIwaswalkingdownthestreet Icameacrossanoldfriend while WhileIreallydon tlikeart Ifindhisworkimpressive while Whilethereislifethereishope while Helikespopmusic whileIamfondoffolkmusic when although aslongas While在句中的不同含义 7 when 持续性 非持续性动词都可 当 时 正在 忽然 e g WhenIfirstsawher Ifellinlovewithher Whendidyougethome Itwaseighto clockwhenIgothome Theywerewalkingdownthestreetwhentheysawanaccident 2 Iwasabouttogoswimmingwhenourguidestoppedme 8 尽管 虽然 鉴于 如果 届时 e g Hewalkswhenhemighttakeataxi TheQueenwillvisitthetowninMay whenshewillopenthenewhospital Howcanyouhopeformercyyourselfwhenyoushownone HowcouldIliveinLosAngeleswhenallmyfavoritepeoplelivehere 虽然 届时 如果 鉴于 既然 when还有一些较为灵活的翻译 9 before引导的时间状语从句 before引导的时间状语从句 常译为 在 之前 表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前 Wecleantheclassroombeforeweleaveschooleveryday Itwillnotbelongbeforeyouregretforwhatyou vedone 不久你就会为你的所作所为后悔的 after引导的时间状语从句 after引导的时间状语从句 常译为 在 之后 表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后 Afteryouuseplasticbags youmustn tthrowthemabout 用过了塑料袋之后 不准到处乱扔 10 since引导的时间状语从句 since引导的时间状语从句 常译为 自从 主句常用现在完成时 从句常用一般过去时 例句翻译 我们自从分手以后一直没见过面 Wehaven tseeneachothersinceweparted 常用句型 Ithasbeen is 时间段 since从句 自从 有多长时间了 例句翻译 自从她大学毕业已经有六年时间了 Ithasbeen is sixyearssinceshegraduatedfromtheuniversity 11 until till引导的时间状语从句 until till引导的时间状语从句 常译为 直到 时 表示主句动作发生在从句之前 当主句谓语动词是延续性动词时 主句常用肯定形式 例句 我会待在这里 直到你回来 I llstayhereuntilyoucomeback 当主句谓语动词是非延续性动词时 主句常用否定形式 not until 直到 才 这时until可用before替换 Hedidn tgotobeduntilhefinishedhishomework 例句 他直到做完作业才睡觉 12 assoonas引导的时间状语从句 assoonas引导的时间状语从句 译为 一 就 表示从句动作一发生 主句的动作马上就发生 例句 他一回来我就告诉他这件事 Iwilltellhimaboutitassoonashecomesback 相当于assoonas用法的词或短语还有 immediately directly instantly themoment theminute theinstant等 I llgivehimyourmessagetheminutehearrives DirectlyIhaddoneit IknewIhadmadeamistake 13 名词短语引导的时间状语从句 themoment theminute theinstant thetime thehour theday bythetime eachtime everytime nexttime anytime等也可以引导时间状语从句 IthoughtherniceandhonestthefirsttimeIsawher Bythetimeyouarrived thelecturehadalreadyended Bythetimehecomes wewillalreadyhaveleft 14 1 WheneverytimeIwasintrouble hewouldcometohelpme 2 Atnexttimeyoucome dorememberbringyoursonhere 3 ForthefirsttimeImetthegirl Ifeltinlovewithher 4 Youarewelcometocomebackatanytimeyouwantto 5 AtthelasttimeshesawJames hewaslyinginbed 语法规则 everytime eachtime nexttime thefirsttime anytime等名词短语引导状语从句不加介词 考点 名词短语引导时间状语从句 15 其他连词引导的时间状语从句 nosooner than hardly scarcely barely when 引导时间状语从句 从句用一般过去时 主句用过去完成时 当nosooner hardly scarcely barely位于句首时 主句要用部分倒装 Ihadnosoonerbeguntotalkthanherangoff NosoonerhadIbeguntotalkthanherangoff 我还未来得及讲话 他就挂断了电话 16 1 IwassofamiliarwithhimthatIrecognizedhisvoice Ipickedupthephone A whileB afterC incaseD theminute2 Howlongdoyouthinkitwilltake ourproductbecomespopularwiththeconsumersA whenB untilC beforeD since3 thedaywenton theweathergotworse A WithB sinceC AsD While4 Hewashalfwaythroughhismeal afamiliarvoicecametohisears A whyB whereC whenD while 17 地点状语从句用连接副词where或wherever 在任何地方 引导 e g a Juststaywhereyouare b Wherethereisawill thereisaway c Youcansitwhereveryoulike d Whereveryougo I llberightherewaitingforyou Whenhereadsabook hishabitistomakeamark themeaningisuncleartohim A thereB whereverC theplaceD inwhich 2 地点状语从句 18 原因状语从句表示主句中的某一动作或状态所发生的原因 引导这种从句常用的连接词是 because as since nowthat for 和consideringthat seeingthat这七个连词都用于表示表示原因 但在语气上一个比一个弱 e g Hedidn tcometoschoolbecausehewasill c f Hemightbeill forhedidn tcometoschool 表示 直接 原因 表示 间接的推断 原因 不可出现在句首 3 原因状语从句 19 because since as for的区别 because 直接原因 非推断 语气最强 回答why的问题 since 通常放句首 译为 既然 as 不谈自明的原因 语气最弱 for 放句中 引导后半句表原因 或补充推断的理由 20 1 Idancedinfrontofthepeople Ilikedit 2 You dbetterwearstrongshoes we lldoalotofwalking 3 hewasnotwell Idecidedtogowithouthim 4 everybodyknowaboutit Idon twanttotalkanymore 5 Hemustbeill heisabsentToday 6 Somepeoplebelievethat oilisrunningout thefateofthemotorindustryisuncertain because as As Since for since 21 条件状语从句表示主句中的某一动作或状态是在什么情况或条件下发生的 条件状语从句中通常用一般现在时表示将来 条件状语从句由从属连词引导 if unless 除非 as solongas 只要 oncondition 只要 once 一旦 incase 假使 providing provided that 等 e g a We llcomeovertoseeyouonSaturdayifwehavetime b Weshouldservethepeopleas solongaswelive 4 条件状语从句 22 1 Wewillbeabletogetthereontime ourcardoesn tbreakdownontheroad assoonasB asfarasC aslongasD aswellas2 Intimeofseriousaccidents weknowsomebasicthingsaboutfirstaid wecansavelives whetherB untilC ifD unless3 youhavetriedit youcan timaginehowpleasantitis A UnlessB BecauseC AlthoughD When 23 youtouchanEnglishperson youshouldsay sorry theyaredirty certainseasarenotabletocleanthemselves wedon tloseheart we llfindawaytoovercomethedifficulty Youcanbeallowedtoplaythegame youfinishyourhomeworkfirst Don ttouchanything yourteachertellsyouto If Once Aslongas onconditionthat unless 24 在复合句中表示让步概念的状语从句被称为让步状语从句 常用引导词 though although evenif eventhough nomatter 疑问词 what who where when which how 疑问词 ever whatever whoever wherever whenever however whichever 特殊引导词 as 用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装 while 一般用在句首 whether or whether ornot 5 让步状语从句 25 though although 判断以下句子是否正确 Althoughheisrich butheisnothappy Althoughheisrich yetheisnothappy Althoughwehavegrownup ourparentsstilltreatusaschildren 要点归纳 though although当 虽然 讲 都不能和but连用 但是他们都可以同yet still 连用 everif eventhough evenif和eventhough表示 即使 We llmakeatripeventhoughtheweatherisbad 26 as引导让步状语从句 as引导的让步状语从句 必须将从句中的 以及谓语中的提前至从句句首 作表语的单数可数名词前如有冠词 冠词需 表语 状语 实意动词 省略 Thoughheworkshard hemakeslittleprogress Hardas thoughheworks hemakeslittleprogress Thoughhewasachild heknewwhatwastherightthingtodo Childas thoughhewas heknewwhatwastherightthingtodo Thoughyoumayobject I llgo Objectasyoumay I llgo 27 whether or whether ornot whether or whether ornot表示 不论是否 不管是 还是 其引导的从句旨在说明正反两方面的可能性都不会影响主句的意向或结果 Whetheryoubelieveitornot itistrue You llhavetoattendthepartywhetheryouarefreeorbusy while也可以引导让步状语从句 意为 尽管 语气比though although弱 其引导的从句一般位于 句首 例句 我尽管喜欢它的颜色 但不喜欢它的形状 WhileIlikeitscolor Idon tlikeitsshape 28 nomatter 疑问词疑问词 ever Nomatterwhathappened hewouldnotmind Whateverhappened hewouldnotmind 替换 nomatterwhat whatevernomatterwho whoevernomatterwhen whenevernomatterwhere wherevernomatterwhich whichevernomatterhow however 判断正误 Nomatterwhatyousayisofnousenow Whateveryousayisofnousenow 归纳 nomatter 疑问词不能引导主语从句和宾语从句 而 疑问词 ever 则可以 29 Iacceptthatheisnotperfect Idoactuallyliketheperson A WhileB sinceC BeforeD Unless2 Theworkersaredeterminedtogothroughwiththeirrailwayproject theexpenseshaverisen A aslongasB eventhoughC nowthatD asthough3 Ireallywantthematch howevermuch A doesitcostB costsitC willitcostD itcosts 30 4 wehavefinishedthecourse weshallstartdoingmorerevisionwork A FornowB NowthatC BynowD until5 theideaofhavingtoworkunderawomandefeatedhim A WantingthejobverymuchB AlthoughwantingthejobbadlyC ThoughhewantedthejobverymuchD Hewantedthejobbadly 31 引导目的状语从句的连词 inorderthat 用于正式文体中 所引从句可于主句前或后 sothat a 较常用 一般用于主句后 有时可分开 so有时可省 从句中要有情态动词 否则 就成为下一种句型 b 无情态动词则引导结果状语从句 forfearthat incase lest 以免 等 6 目的状语从句 32 e g a We llsitnearerthefrontsothatwecanhearbetter b IshallwriteitdownlestIshouldforget 注意 当从句与主句的主语一致时 可用soastodo 或inordertodo e g Heranfastsothathemightarrivetherebeforeteno clock Heranfastsoastoarrivetherebeforeteno clock 33 结果状语从句常位于主句之后 由so so that such that sothat等引导 a SoquicklydidherunthatIcouldn tcatchupwithhim b Thebusbrokedownsothatwehadtowalkhome c Sheissuchagoodteacherthateveryoneadmiresher d Hegottothestationfinally onlytofindthetrainhadleft 7 结果状语从句 34 描述主句动作进行方式的状语被称为方式状语 通常用下列词语引导 as justas asif asthough theway that intheway that 等 a WemustdoasthePartytellsus b Leavethethingsastheyare c Mostplantsneedsunlightjustastheyneedwater d Itsoundsasifitisraining e TheydiditinawaythatIhadneverseenbefore 他们以我从没见过的方式行事 f Aswateristofish soairistoman 我们离不开空气 犹如鱼儿离不开水 8 方式状语从句 35 比较状语从句常由下列词语引导 as as notso as as more than less than themore adj adv themore adj adv a Heisnotso ashealthyashisbrother b Theyjumpedupanddownashardastheycould c JohnislesscleverthanPeter d Thebusierheis thehappierhefeels e ThejobisnotsodifficultasIthoughtitwouldbe f Sendforadoctorassoonas itis possible 9 比较状语从句 36 Rosesneedspecialcare theycanlivethroughwinter A becauseB sothatC evenifD as2 Ifthingsareleft theyare theproblemswillneverbesettled I mafraid A howB asC whatD where3 Carefulsurveyshavepointedoutthatasmanyas50percentofthepatientsdonotta