学术英语习题答案text1-15+18.doc

Reading: Text 11.Match the words with their definitions.1g 2a 3e 4b 5c 6d 7j 8f 9h 10i2. Complete the following expressions or sentences by using the target words listed below with the help of the Chinese in brackets. Change the form if necessary.1 symbolic 2distributed 3site 4complex 5identify6fairly 7straightforward 8capability 9target 10attempt11process 12parameter 13interpretation 14technical 15range 16exploit 17networking 18involve 19 instance 20specification 21accompany 22predictable 23profile3. Read the sentences in the box. Pay attention to the parts in bold.Now complete the paragraph by translating the Chinese in brackets. You may refer to the expressions and the sentence patterns listed above.ranging from（从到）arise from some misunderstandings（来自于对误解）leaves a lot of problems unsolved（留下很多问题没有得到解决）opens a path for（打开了通道）requires a different frame of mind（需要有新的思想）4.Translate the following sentences from Text 1 into Chinese.1) 有些人声称黑客是那些超越知识疆界而不造成危害的好人（或即使造成危害，但并非故意而为），而“骇客”才是真正的坏人。2) 这可以指获取计算机系统的存储内容，获得一个系统的处理能力，或捕获系统之间正在交流的信息。3) 那些系统开发者或操作者所忽视的不为人知的漏洞很可能是由于糟糕的设计造成的，也可能是为了让系统具备一些必要的功能而导致计划外的结果。 4) 另一种是预先设定好程序对特定易受攻击对象进行攻击，然而，这种攻击是以鸟枪式的方式发出的，没有任何具体目标，目的是攻击到尽可能多的潜在目标。5) 另外，考虑安装一个硬件防火墙并将从互联网中流入和流出的数据限定在几个真正需要的端口，如电子邮件和网站流量。Reading: Text 21.Match the words with their definitions.1d 2f 3h 4i 5a 6e 7b 8j 9g 10c2.Complete the following expressions or sentences by using the target words listed below with the help of the Chinese in brackets. Change the form if necessary.1 compromised 2notoriety 3 interchangeably 4malfunctioned 5squeeze6 ingenious 7 emergence 8 humble 9 Cunning 10 vulnerability11criminal 12patches 13 sinister 14daunting 15replicate16malicious 17 spirals 18secure 19blur 20 stem21 disrepute 22 sophisticated 23harness 24 recipient 25convert 3. Read the sentences in the box. Pay attention to the parts in bold. Now complete the paragraph by translating the Chinese in brackets. You may refer to the expressions and the sentence patterns listed above.There is evidence（有证据表明）so hasthe numberof hackers（黑客的数量也有很大增长）are often referred to as（往往被称之为）compromise your computer（损坏你的计算机）capture your information（获取你的信息）access your computer（进入你的计算机）4 .Translate the following sentences from Text 2 into Chinese.1 看似无害的编程错误可能被利用，导致电脑被侵入，为电脑病毒和蠕虫的繁衍提供温床。2 当一个软件漏洞被发现，黑客可以将它变成一个侵入点，从而造成极大的破坏。在这之前，往往需要争分夺秒地利用正确的软件补丁来防止破坏的发生。3 最简单的钓鱼骗局试图利用迅速致富的伎俩诱使诈骗目标寄钱。但网络骗子们也变得越来越狡猾，最近的陷阱是通过发送客户服务的电子邮件让用户进入假银行或商业网站，并在那里请他们“重新输入”他们的账户信息。4 间谍软件与垃圾邮件和钓鱼网络一起，构成了三个令人生厌的互联网害虫。尽管有些程序可以通过入侵软件漏洞从而进入电脑，但这些有害而秘密的程序通常会随着其他免费的应用软件侵入到计算机系统中。5 尽管因特网已经彻底改变了全球通讯，但是对于那些利用网络力量实现罪恶目的的人和那些负责阻止这些网络犯罪的人来说，他们之间的较量才刚刚开始。Reading: Text 31. Match the words with their definitions.1f 2d 3e 4j 5i 6h 7b 8a 9g 10c2. Complete the following expressions or sentences by using the target words listed below with the help of the Chinese in brackets. Change the form if necessary.1 irrespective 2 be tailored 3 prone 4 opt 5maximum6coded 7provision 8catered 9check 10ready-made11modified 12on-demand 13 whereabouts 14Hazardous 15incurred16applicable 17developer 18on offer19host 20nominal 21certified 22automated 23outage24sync 25back up 26minimal 27mobile 3. Read the sentences in the box. Pay attention to the parts in bold. Now complete the paragraph by translating the Chinese in brackets. You may referto the expressions and the sentence patterns listed above.Irrespective of whether（不管）saveusersthe trouble（使用户避免这样的麻烦）caters to the needs of（迎合了需求）for the purpose of（其目的就是）4. Translate the following sentences from Text 3 into Chinese. 1 云计算可定义为一种按次付费模式，这种模式可以根据要求迅速得到计算机分配的可靠资源，用户很少需要自己进行管理。2 由于云计算可以用来不断提供资源，因此当你需要扩充计算机容量时就不需要去买硬件，就不会因为用电去冷却计算机设备而产生更多的二氧化碳。3 这意味着他们不需要开车到办公地点。这就可以省去燃料费，减少二氧化碳排放，从而保护了环境。 4 万一断电，客户可以在电脑再启动时使用和主机同步的备份。 5 除此之外，云计算还不容易受到黑客入侵和分布式拒绝服务的攻击，因为攻击者不知道数据的位置。Reading: Text 41. Match the words with their definitions.1c 2e 3a 4i 5g 6b 7d 8f 9j 10h2. Complete the following expressions or sentences by using the target words listed below with the help of the Chinese in brackets. Change the form if necessary.1 analogy 2compatible 3 Distribute 4 implement 5activated 6 static 7 aggregated 8 clone 9 innovative 10replacement 11 crashed12 compromised 13 mine 14 substantial 15asset 16 centralize 17 facilities18 loose 19 monitor 20integrate 21derived 22 update 23download24 upgrade 25licensed 26differential 27 install 28 minimum 29 in-house 30crucial 3. Read the sentences in the box. Pay attention to the parts in bold. Now complete the paragraph by translating the Chinese in brackets. You may referto the expressions and the sentence patterns listed above.remains wide open（有很大的前景）is derived from the way in which（来自这样一个方法）becomes crucial（非常重要）will be substantially reduced（会大大降低）4.Translate the following sentences from Text 4 into Chinese.1这个术语来自于因特网往往呈现为网络图的方法。 2目前云计算技术涉及一个数据中心的存在，这个中心能够为全世界用户提供服务。 3这就减少了由于没有硬件，如手提电脑带来的影响。 4虚拟化可以使一个损坏的云端服务器迅速找到替代品而不造成大的损失或破坏。 5云技术还处于起步阶段，更多新的优点会不断被发现。 Reading: Text 5 1 Match the words with their definitions. 1 e 2 h 3 a 4 g 5 c 6 b 7 j 8 f 9 d 10 i 2 Complete the following expressions or sentences by using the target words listed below with the help of the Chinese in brackets. Change the form if necessary. 1 automation 2 occupational 3 immigrant 4 uplift 5 displacement 6 hand-crafted 7 ranched 8 nutritious 9 involved 10 assembly 11 yield 12 incredible 13 optimism 14 mob 15 professional 16 labeled 17 analyst 18 surplus 19 harbor 20 columnist 21 virtual 22 revolutionary 23 lace 24 undercut 25 barter 26 litigable 27 specter 28 sift 29 pot 3 Read the sentences in the box. Pay attention to the parts in bold. Now complete the paragraph by translating the Chinese in brackets. You may refer to the expressions and the sentences patterns listed above. increasingly important role （越来越重要的作用） tasks humans prefer not to do, or are unable to do（那些人类不愿做或不能做的事） and the like（以及诸如此类的事） settle mans anxieties（解决人类的担忧） Some questions are raised（问题提了出来） 4 Translate the following sentences from Text 5 into Chinese. 1 最近在纽约时报上刊登的一篇文章谈到了一种新计算机软件，该软件瞬间就能筛选数以千计的法律文件并寻找到那些可诉讼的条款，为律师们节省了花费在阅读文件上的数百小时。 2 他们主要靠耕种来养活自己，多种的部分用以物品交易或卖出。 3 从事农业和畜牧业者的绝对数量大约在1910年达到顶峰（约有 1100-1200万）,在此之后人数便急剧下降。 4 这个故事总结了美国几个世纪以来的工作经历，从失业工人的层面上讲是悲剧，但从全国劳动力的层面上讲是件好事。 5 人工智能是一种新的自动化技术吗？是一种削弱了曾经是 20 世纪末就业标志的脑力工作的技术吗？是一种只会消除更好的工作机会的技术吗？ Reading: Text 6 1 Match the words with their definitions. 1 d 2 f 3 i 4 b 5 h 6 c 7 a 8 e 9 j 10 g 2 Complete the following expressions or sentences by using the target words listed below with the help of the Chinese in brackets. Change the form if necessary. 1 problematic 2 presumptions 3 brinkmanship 4 dictum 5 monopoly 6 conceal 7 share 8 lawsuit 9 deter 10 mutual 11 commitment 12 reveal 13 purposive 14 fare 15 interdependence 16 demoralized 17 collectively 18 stipulated 19 warranty 20 outweighed 21 induce 22 uniformly 23 optimal 24 confess 25 perish 26 move 27 dilemma 28 neutral 29 intolerable 30 dominant 31 square 32 outcome 33 bluff 34 linear 3 Read the sentences in the box. Pay attention to the parts in bold. Now complete the paragraph by translating the Chinese in brackets. You may refer to the expressions and the sentences patterns listed above. secure the best outcomes for himself（为自己得到最好的结果） To illustrate the point（为了说明这一点） attempts to use（尝试运用） a process that leads to（这个过程就导致了） Such an example also arises（这种例子还出现） 4 Translate the following sentences from Text 6 into Chinese. 1 就前者来说，玩家按照顺序移动，每个人都了解其他玩家之前的动作。就后者而言，玩家同时做出动作，不了解其他玩家的动作。 2 当思考别人会如何反应的时候，必须站在别人的角度，用别人的思考方式进行思考，而不能将自己的推理强加在别人的身上。 3 尽管各位玩家同时做出动作，不知道其他玩家当前的动作，然而，每个玩家都必须明白其他玩家也和自己一样有同样的想法。 4 事实上，有众所周知不好的例子，如：“囚徒困境”，在这个游戏中如果每个人追求自我的最佳利益，那么所有玩家都会卷入一个糟糕的结局。5 这种合作行为可通过反复玩这个游戏实现，因为这种由作弊暂时获得的利益会被由于合作破裂引起的长期损失所压倒。Reading: Text 7 1 Match the words with their definitions. 1 g 2 d 3 i 4 b 5 f 6 j 7 a 8 c 9 e 10 h 2 Complete the following expressions or sentences by using the target words listed below with the help of the Chinese in brackets. Change the form if necessary. 1 astronomer 2 contract 3 dedication 4 evolution 5 trace 6 conception 7 diffuse 8 erroneous 9 embedded 10 prediction 11 quantitative 12 expand 13 precisely 14 degrade 15 repulsive 16 transit 17 insight 18 capture 19 sufficient 20 gulf 21 capacity 22 static 23 licked 24 decay 25 primitive 26 entails 27 refined 28 spectacular 29 unbreakable 30 theoretical 31 barrier 32 cancel 33 horizon 34 mismatched 35 blatantly 36 witness 37 literally 38 vital 3 Read the sentences in the box. Pay attention to the parts in bold. Now complete the paragraph by translating the Chinese in brackets. You may refer to the expressions and the sentences patterns listed above. So significant is the discovery（这个发现是如此的意义深远） much as（就如一样） what if（如果会怎样） his discovery would have likely garnered him another Nobel Prize（他的发现很可能为他获得一个诺贝尔奖） It will open new paths to（将打开新的通道） 4 Translate the following sentences from Text 7 into Chinese. 1 在过去的十年里，对古老星光的观测让人对宇宙的过去有了深刻的了解。令人惊讶的是，他们也让人对未来的本质有了深刻的洞察，而这些数据所显示的未来令人非常不安因为某种被称之为暗能量的东西。 2 像地球或太阳一样的普通物质只能生成引力，但数学演算却显示，一种更外在的能源一种就像是填充桑拿浴的蒸汽一样的能量均匀地充满着整个空间，只不过这种能量是无法看到的会产生与引力相斥的力量。 3 快速推进到二十世纪九十年代， 那时两队天文学家对遥远的超新星由天体爆发所产生的非常耀眼的星星，能够穿过宇宙而被看得很清楚进行着艰辛而精确的观测，用以确定外太空间的膨胀速度在宇宙的历史进程中是怎样改变的。 4 在测算充满宇宙的暗能量总量的最为精确的尝试中，遗漏了一个测定值，一个巨大的因数10123 （即一个1 后面跟着123 个0），这是在科学历史中理论和观测最为严重的一次误差。 5 距今一千亿年后, 任何没有与我们比邻的星系都将会被不断膨胀的空间横扫出去，它飞驰而去的速度将会比光速还快。 Reading: Text 8 1 Match the words with their definitions. 1 d 2 f 3 a 4 b 5 g 6 h 7 c 8 i 9 j 10 e 2 Complete the following expressions or sentences by using the target words listed below with the help of the Chinese in brackets. Change the form if necessary. 1 aspects 2 replicate 3 simultaneously 4 expectancy 5 Journal 6 mechanic 7 practically 8 automatically 9 precise 10 specific 11 erratically 12 exclusive 13 conventional 14 elements 15 semiconductor 16 molecular 17 vast 18 appearance 19 potential 20 property 21 manipulate 22 fabricate 23 foresee 24 substance 25 individual 26 reverse 27 theoretical 3 Read the sentences in the box. Pay attention to the parts in bold. Now complete the paragraph by translating the Chinese in brackets. You may refer to the expressions and the sentences patterns listedabove. has played an ever-important role in（起着非常重要的作用） is impacting the medical industry（对医学界正在产生很大影响） smaller than a pill（比药丸还小） This could vastly reduce the pain（这可极大的减轻疼痛） It is not until we experience such benefits（知道我们体验到这种好处） 4 Translate the following sentences from Text 8 into Chinese. 1 一纳米是一米的十亿分之一，比可见光的波长还要短，其宽度是人类头发的十万分之一。 2 诺贝尔奖获得者霍斯特 施特默说纳米尺度比原子尺度更有趣，因为纳米尺度是我们可以将东西安装在一起的起始点，我们只有将原子拼凑在一起这个东西才有使用价值。 3 只有在那时，他说，我们才能有效地教授纳米科学，因为没有牢固的多学科背景就无法理解纳米科技。 4 物质是绝缘体，就意味着他们不能带电荷，然而，在分散形式下缩微到纳米尺度时物质可以变为半导体。 5有些人担心纳米科技最终会成为虚拟的现实换句话说，在纳米领域的局限性众所周知之前有关纳米科技的炒作仍会继续，但之后兴趣（和资金）会很快消失。 Reading: Text 9 1 Match the words with their definitions. 1 c 2 f 3 d 4 h 5 j 6 i 7 a 8 e 9 b 10 g 2 Complete the following expressions or sentences by using the target words listed below with the help of the Chinese in brackets. Change the form if necessary. 1 magnitude 2 significantly 3 atmosphere 4 intensity 5 evidence 6 migrating 7 specifically 8 amplify 9 occurrence 10 destiny 11 motivation 12 annual 13 released 14 vicious 15 environmentally 16 alternate 17 prominent 18 reaction 19 drastically 20 regulation 21 minimal 22 exposure 23 retain 24 compound 25 eventually 26 decline 27 creature 3 Read the sentences in the box. Pay attention to the parts in bold. Now complete the paragraph by translating the Chinese in brackets. You may refer to the expressions and the sentences patterns listed above. are unaware or uninformed of the causes（没有意识到） have a large impact in the atmosphere（对大气造成很大影响） mans environment and health are at risk（人类的环境和健康处于危险之中） the issue is not of their daily concern（不是一般人所关心的日常问题） get all people involved in（使人们参加到） Translate the following sentences from Text 9 into Chinese. 1他将气候变暖称为“伟大的地球物理实验”。他说：“这个实验就是大气中增加尽可能多的二氧化碳，再增加少许其他有害气体，然后看看会发生什么。” 2 在减少温室气体排放，特别是因燃烧化石燃料而产生的二氧化碳的排放方面人类所做的努力微不足道，这增加了全球变暖的速度和强度。 3 大气中的二氧化碳可以使植物的光合作用速度加快，使得过敏原数量增加。 4 它是地球上除了水蒸汽外最丰富的热能吸收气体，但它并不被认为是一种温室气体，因为它通过下雨不断地循环回到地球上。 5 沸点是一部关于全球变暖导致地球气候变化的著作，该书的作者罗斯格尔布斯潘在2004年公开谈及他的这本书时说：“气候问题最终会撕开全球经济的裂口。” Reading: Text 10 1 Match the words with their definitions. 1 d 2 c 3 j 4 a 5 i 6 f 7 h 8 e 9 g 10 b 2 Complete the following expressions or sentences by using the target words listed below with the help of the Chinese in brackets. Change the form if necessary. 1 undergo 2 massive 3 unprecedented 4 runaway 5 consensus 6 hinder 7 output 8 concentration span 9 bleak 10 make a dent 11 constantly 12 outcome 13 play down 14 variation 15 absolutely 16 denigrate 17 mess with 18 herald 19 overwhelming 20 savage 21 resolve 22 gigantic 23 output 24 dramatically 25 sex-selective 3 Read the sentences in the box. Pay attention to the parts in bold. Now complete the paragraph by translating the Chinese in brackets. You may refer to the expressions and the sentences patterns listed above. The dispute lies in whether or not （争论的焦点在于是否） the overwhelming consensus is（压倒性的一致看法是） there is absolutely no question（这绝对是没有问题的） may arise from（或许是来自于） has never been anything other than a polluting effect on our environment（除了给我们环境带来破坏作用，没有带来其他任何东西） 4 Translate the following sentences from Text 10 into Chinese. 1 这一争论的焦点在于：我们正在经历的变暖仅仅反映了最近全球气温变化趋势的自然转变，还是工业革命开始以来人类活动造成污染影响的结果。 2 一种反对人为变暖的观点是，这世界曾在 1946到1975年间经历过一次明显的降温，证明了温室气体排放水平升高势必会导致全球变暖这一想法是错误的。 3 试图对全球气温在过去一千多年中真正的变化下定论是很难办到的，尤其近几百年前的记录并不可靠。 4 反对减轻全球变暖提案的既得利益集团已经确定，虽然京都议定书现已正式生效，但它远未实现其到2008 年12月全球温室气体排放减少 5.2%（低于1990年水平）的目标。 5 如果真的要在日益攀升的大气温室气体浓度中按要求减少 60%的温室气体排放，前景的确堪忧。 Reading: Text 11 1 Match the words with their definitions. 1 i 2 f 3 g 4 c 5 h 6 a 7 b 8 e 9 d 10 j 2 Complete the following expressions or sentences by using the target words listed below with the help of the Chinese in brackets. Change the form if necessary. 1 breach 2 shallow 3 implement 4 survivor(s) 5 hypothetical 6 initiate 7 potential 8 despite 9 neutralize 10 contact 11 transport 12 volume 13 penetrate 14 confirm 15 strategy 16 estimate 17 noticeable 18 generation 19 avert 20 medical 21 disperse 22 integrity 23 compensate 3 Read the sentences in the box. Pay attention to the parts in bold.Now complete the paragraph by translating the Chinese in brackets. You may refer to the expressions and the sentence patterns listed above. is associated with nuclear energy（和原子能有联系） depends somewhat on（某种程度上取决于） take care of（来对付） radiation leakage takes place（辐射泄漏发生） arises from long-time exposure of radiation（由于长时间暴露在辐射下） 4 Translate the following sentences from Text 11 into Chinese. 1 辐射自然存在于我们的环境当中，一般人每秒钟都遭受着自然中15000个粒子的辐射，而一次普通的医疗X 光检查则带有1000亿个粒子的辐射。 2 这些与人体接触的物质主要有：发电厂常规运行时的少量释放物、核电站事故和放射性材料运输事故、以及从隔离系统中泄漏的放射性废料。 3 在利用现有技术预防遗传性疾病方面还有很多可以做；如果利用核工业纳税款的1%来进一步实施这项技术，那么由核工业造成的每一种疾病中都将有80例遗传疾病得到防止。 4 高剂量的辐射会摧毁身体机能并在 60天内导致死亡，但这种“明显的”死亡仅限2%的核反应堆熔毁事故中，在0.2%的熔毁事故中会超过 100天，而在1/100,000的熔毁事故中会超过3500天。 5 对于氡效应详尽的预测是一家运行一年的核电站最终将避免几百人死亡， 而一家同等的煤电厂将最终导致30人死亡。 Reading: Text 12 1 Match the words with their definitions. 1 e 2 a 3 i 4 h 5 j 6 c 7 b 8 d 9 f 10 g 2 Complete the following expressions or sentences by using the target words listed below with the help of the Chinese in brackets. Change the form if necessary. 1 collide with 2 brave 3 deleterious 4 gauge 5 aftermath 6 duration 7 tissues 8 dramatically 9 scenario 10 cosmic 11 normal 12 generate 13 evacuated 14 underwent 15 sustain 16 fission 17 reposition 18 abide 19 emergency 20 in the wake of 21 stoke 22 wreck 23 prevalence 24 long-term 25 err 26 caution 3 Read the sentences in the box. Pay attention to the parts in bold. Now complete the paragraph by translating the Chinese in brackets. You may refer to the expressions and the sentence patterns listed above. When it comes to（当涉及） has again raised concerns over（再一次引起对的担忧） weigh their risks and benefits（权衡其危险和优点） in the wake of（紧随而来的）