2015届高考英语考前专题提升训练：日常生活、科普环保类阅读.doc

1.（2014届河南省偃师高级中学高三下学期第一次月考英语试卷）Have you ever dreamed of visiting a planet in the Milk Way? While the trip sounds exciting, it would take years and years to reach your destination. So in the future, bedtime for astronauts may be more than a few hours of regular shut-eye. They would have to sleep for years. European researchers are now conducting hibernation experiments. The study may help them understand whether humans could ever sleep through the years it would take for a space flight to distant planets. If there was an effective technology, it could make deep-space travel a reality, said Mark Ayre of the European Space Agency last month. What seems like science fiction is not completely unlikely. Researchers have been able to use chemicals to put living cells into a sleep-like state where they dont age. They have now moved on to small, non-hibernating mammals like rats. The results will be out by the end of 2004. A major challenge is the fact that cells can be very simple systems, whereas body organs are far more complex. Its like moving from a simple Apple computer to a supercomputer, said Marco Biggiogera, a hibernation researcher at Italys University of Pavia. Just like bears and frogs, the hibernation of human beings would cause a persons metabolism (新陈代谢) to lower so they would need less energy.Medical research, however, is just half of a space flight hibernation system. There is the challenge of designing a suitable protective shelter. Such a shelter would provide the proper environment for hibernation, such as the proper temperature. It would also have to monitor (监控) life functions and serve the physiological needs of the hibernator. According to Ayre, the six-person Human Outer Planets Exploration Mission to Jupiters moon (木星的卫星) Callisto, could be an opportunity to use human hibernation. The mission aims to send six humans on a five-year flight to Callisto, where they will spend 30 days, in 2045. 85European researchers are conducting hibernation experiments to _. A. ensure astronauts to get a complete sleep B. find the secret of some creaturesC. make preparations for the journey to Jupiters moon CallistoD. know if man can sleep for years86The sentence “What seems like science fiction is not completely unlikely” means _. A. Science fiction is peoples imagination. B. Science fiction is imaginative, but it can be realized. C. Things seem impossible may come true. D. Things described in science fiction are sure to become true. 87The passage implies that _. A. putting living cells into a sleep-like state is full of failureB. Biggiogera is confident with the experimentC. humans hibernation needs no energyD. medical research is the key to space flight hibernation system88Whats the best title for the passage?A. Six humans to fly to Callisto B. Human hibernation improves healthC. Space travel attracts people D. Deep sleep for deep space travel2.（2014届福建省龙岩市高三毕业班教学质量检查英语试卷）Growing strawberries in potsThe best way to start growing strawberries is to buy pot-grown strawberry plants m spring：5plants are plenty for a hanging basket and 10 for the average 13 inch-sized potPlant them immediately in soil-based compost(混合肥料) and they will produce a modest crop in their first yearThe second year should see a bumper(特大的)crop，followed by a slightly lower yield(产量)the third summer .Then start again with fresh stockCareful watering and feeding are essential Ifyou are to harvest a good crop，you must neverlet the compost dry out,particularly when the fruit is forming and ripening；if you domost of yourcrop will drop off血e bush almost immediatelyWater well then leave the pots for up to 3 weeks，until they reach the point of drying out BeCareful not to overwater them during the winter monthsPruning apple treesA one-year-old tree is known as a “maiden”. It has a single stem when purchased. Immediately after planting, cut it back by about half to leave 4 good buds at the base of the stem. This will force growth from the base or the plant during the summer.In the second year ,prune in winter by cutting all side branches back by about one-third, Make sure each cut is made cleanly just above an outward-facing bud. In the third and fourth years, new side branches will have emerged from the previous years growth. Cut back all these new side branches by a third, pruning to an outward-facing bud.By the fifth year the tree should have a well-balanced shape. From then on ,cut back all new branches by one-third in winter .Remove any diseased wood and broken branches, and ensure the centre is open to air circulation89The two pieces of advice probably appear in A. a scientific repot B. a gardening guide C. a book review D .a fashion column90A good crop of strawberries mainly depends on A .the size of a pot B. the season of harvestingC. the number of plants in a pot D.careful watering and feeding91Cutting back all side branches by a third is to Aremove the diseased and broken branchesBkeep the whole tree open to air circulationC. force the apple tree to grow from the base in winterD. help the apple tree to form a well-balanced shape92The two pieces of advice suggest that planting is closely related to A. season Bwater Ccompost Dcutting3.（2014届福建省龙岩市高三毕业班教学质量检查英语试卷）Way back in 1662，John Evelyn，a brilliant Englishman known for his detailed diaries，wrote about disastrous effects of coal-burning on the city of London .In it,he described an infernal scene of smogair filled with “Columns and Clouds of Smokegiven out by small industries and residences that burned coal for fuel I found the description in the 2003 book When Smoke Ran like Water，by epidemiologist(流行病学家)and environmental advocator(倡导者)Devra DavisIn it,Davis looks back at several historic pollution events and their disastrous effect on human human health-and at how these phenomena were often Ignored or even actively covered up by then people in charge at that time. As Davis points out，John Evelyn was ahead of his time when writing about how Londons polluted air affected the well-being of its residentsIt wasnt until nearly 300 years later,after what became well-known as the Great Smog of 1952，that the government began to address the problem in a systematic wayFor four daysBetween December 5th“and 9th“，due to all accident of the weather pattern，the city was buried in a heavy fog .People were still burning coal for fuel，and low-grade coal at that time， because 0f wartime conditionA temperature inversion(转向)trapped the smoke from the citys fires， creating a black cloud in which people could barely find their way down the most familiar streetsSome tried to protect themselves，but most people simply went about their business. But l952s fog was far worse than any other in memoryIn the same week of the previous year, 1852 people had died in London；inl952，that number was 4703 And the deaths didnt stop when the weather changed and the fog liftedDavis and her colleagues analyzed data from the next several months and found that about 13000 more people died between December and March than one would have predicted from historical averages Many of them died of pneumonia(肺炎)The government，she writesTried to blame a bad flu seasonHer detailed analysis found that explanation simply didnot pan out Davis writes that even today in this country ,we still have not completely absorbed the lessons of similar eventsSixty years the killer fog lifted in London，people are dying preventable deaths and suffering lifechanging illnesses，simply because they must breathe the air of the cities where they live93The passage is written to A. warn people of the danger from air pollution B. introduce Londons Great Smog of l952C. blame the government for the smog D. explain the reasons for air pollution94The underlined wordinfernal” in the first paragraph probably means“ ”Aimaginary B .adventurous C. unbelievable D .annoying95One of the reasons for the Great Smog of l952wasthatA .people burned wood for fuel B. a forest fire created a black cloud over the cityCthe government ignored the smog D. most people went abouttheirbusine0096How does the writer feel about the present air condition in London?A. lndifferent B Concerned CHopelessD. Panic4.（2014届宁夏银川一中高三第一次模拟考试英语试卷）What will power your house in the future？Nuclear，wind，or solar power？According to scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in the US，it might be leaves but artificial (人造的) ones.Natural leaves are able to change sunlight and water into energy. It is known as photosynthesis (光合作用)Now researchers have found a way to imitate this seemingly simple process.The artificial leaf developed by Daniel Nocera and his colleagues at MIT can be seen as a special silicon chip with catalysts (催化剂)Similar to natural leaves，it can split water into hydrogen and oxygen when put into a bucket of water. The hydrogen and oxygen gases are then stored in a fuel cell，which uses those two materials to produce electricity，located either on top of a house or beside the house.Though the leaf is only about the shape of a poker card，scientists claimed that it is promising to be an inexpensive source of electricity in developing countries. “One can imagine villages in India and Africa not long from now purchasing an affordable basic power system based on this technology,” said Nocera at a conference of the American Chemical Society.The artificial leaf is not a new idea. The first artificial leaf was invented in 1997 but was too expensive and unstable for practical use. The new leaf，by contrast，is made of cheap materials，easy to use and highly stable. In laboratory studies，Nocera showed that an artificial leaf prototype (原型) could operate continuously for at least 45 hours without a drop in activity.The wonderful improvements come from Noceras recent discovery of several powerful，new and inexpensive catalysts. These catalysts make the energy transformation inside the leaf more efficient with water and sunlight. Right now，the new leaf is about 10 times more efficient at carrying out photosynthesis than a natural one. Besides，the device can run in whatever water is available；that is，it doesnt need pure water. This is important for some countries that dont have access to pure water.With the goal to “make each home its own power station” and “give energy to the poor”，scientists believe that the new technology could be widely used in developing countries，especially in India and rural China.97Which of the following orders correctly shows how the artificial leaf is used to produce electricity?aartificial leaves split water into hydrogen and oxygenbthe hydrogen and oxygen gases are stored in a fuel cellcthe artificial leaves are put in waterdthe fuel cell uses hydrogen and oxygen to produce electricityA. c，a，b，d Bc，b，a，d Cb，c，a，d Dc，a，d，b98The purpose of the scientists at MIT in developing the new artificial leaf is to_.Abuild up more power stations in the worldBprovide cheaper energy for developing countriesCoffer people in developing countries access to pure waterDgain a deeper understanding of the photosynthesis process99The main idea of this passage is _.Aan introduction to the history of artificial leaves Ba mixture of water power and solar energyCgiving energy to the poor Dan invention copying photosynthesis5.（2014届辽宁省瓦房店高级中学高三第二次模拟考试英语试卷）Air pollution is one of the hottest topics at present because poor air quality is an important factor in both the incidence and cause of respiratory(呼吸道) diseases.Zhong Nanshan, a deputy to the NPC and a member of the CAE, said recently when the concentration of PM2.5 rises by 10 micrograms per cubic meter, hospitalization may rise by as much as 3.1 percent. Meanwhile, when the concentration of PM2.5 rises from 25 mgs per cubic meter to 200, the average daily death rate may rise to 11 percent.Zhi Xiuyi, a leading expert in lung cancer treatment and also vice-president of the CATS, said medical authorities used to focus on tobacco control as a primary means of preventing lung cancer. But in fact, air pollution is no less harmful than smoking and our research team released a report earlier this year showing that the cancer rate in Beijing is closely related to industrialization, he said.The report, conducted by the Beijing Institute of Cancer Research, shows that the number of cancer patients in China has increased markedly during the past ten years. Chaoyang District, the citys main area of industrialization, has the highest incidence of cancer, almost double that of Yanqing, an area on the outskirts of the city. About four out of 1000 Chaoyang residents have some form of the disease, with lung cancer at the top of the list.The risk of having cancer largely depends on the length of exposure and the concentration of noxious gases(有毒气体的浓度), said Zhi. In response to the doubt whether seven years exposure to poor air quality will almost result in cancer, Zhi said the time scale was taken from research overseas that suggested the rate of incidence generally peaked in the seventh year of exposure to a heavily polluted environment. 100 What is the passage mainly about?A. Medical researches on e