浅谈我国海洋石油装备技术.docx

Discussion on China s Offshore Oil Equipment Technology introductionIntroductionIn recent years, with the increase in oil and gas resources around the world and the speed of land oil extraction, marine oil and gas exploration and development has become a new focus. The next 15 to 20 years,it will be Chinas marine drilling market to achieve rapid development of the critical period. As Chinas huge demand for oil and gas resources, the major domestic oil companies have developed their own deepwater drilling equipment program. In the next five years, China National Offshore Oil Corporation will invest 120 billion yuan for offshore oil and gas exploration and development, marine engineering equipment investment is one of the main part of the need to build a variety of fixed and mobile production drilling platform more than 70, New multi-jack and semi-submersible drilling platform. In addition, Chinas PetroChina, CNOOC, Sinopec three major oil companies have started the marine deep-water oil and gas exploration and development equipment research work, plans to develop in China during the second five years with independent intellectual property rights of 3000m deep-water semi-submersible drilling platform, which will Effectively promote the rapid development of Chinas offshore oil equipment近年来, 随着世界范围内油气资源消耗的递增和陆地原油开采速度的加快, 海洋领域内的油气勘探开发已成为新的焦点。未来的15 20年, 将是我国海洋钻井市场实现快速发展的关键时期。由于我国对油气资源的巨大需求, 国内主要石油公司均制定出各自的深水钻井装备计划。在未来5年里,中国海洋石油总公司将投资1200亿元用于海上油气勘探和开发, 海洋工程装备投资是其中的主要部分, 需新建各种固定和移动式生产钻井平台70多座, 其中新建多座自升式和半潜式钻井平台。另外, 我国中石油、中海油、中石化三大石油集团公司均已开始了海洋深水油气勘探开发装备的研究工作, 计划在十二五期间研制我国具有自主知识产权的3000m 深水半潜式钻井平台, 这将有力促进我国海洋石油装备的快速发展。The Present Situation of Offshore Oil Equipment in China At present, Chinas offshore oil and gas exploration and development mainly concentrated in the continental shelf block, the water depth of not more than 300 m, drilling depth of 7 000 m, the underwater production system equipment is almost entirely dependent on imports, offshore oil discovery rate of only 18.5%, natural gas discovery rate Only 9.2%. Data show that China has a relatively small number of offshore drilling platform. As Chinas international competitiveness of the offshore oil companies, CNOOC has a platform for the basic situation: 65 fixed platform, jack-up platform 9, semi-submersible platform 3, FPSO14 seat.From the development of marine equipment, Chinas offshore oil equipment development began in the early 1970s. 80 years later, Chinas semi-submersible drilling equipment in the development of a breakthrough. After the 21st century, especially in recent years, China has increased the marine oil and gas resources exploration and development and oil drilling equipment, the update efforts, marine equipment technology has developed rapidly.From the situation of marine equipment research institutions, Chinas specialized in marine equipment research institutions less, with a systematic study of offshore oil drilling equipment, the organization is even less. On the unit technology, the main research units include: Shanghai seven eight, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Dalian University of Technology, China University of Petroleum (East China) and so on. Shanghai is a high-level, more systematic research institutions, has designed the jack-up, semi-submersible, under the bottom of the drilling platform, the bottom of the oil production platform. So far has developed nine models of FPSO, from 50,000 t to 150,000 t level, single point mooring from the soft steel arm to the turret, operating depth from 24m to 120m. Shanghai Jiaotong University has a State Key Laboratory of Marine Engineering, in the development of dynamic positioning system has made with independent intellectual property research results. Dalian University of Technology has participated in four semi - submersible drilling platforms (B INGO - 9000) to optimize the design of the main structure, multi - point mooring system design and high - pressure pipeline system design, the formation of marine environmental parameters analysis and forecast, marine structure in the marine environment Under the action of the movement and experience of environmental load calculation, mooring system analysis, structural dynamic response and optimization design, structural fatigue analysis and calculation software system. China University of Petroleum (East China) has a offshore oil engineering research laboratory, equipped with high-frequency fatigue testing machine, intelligent eddy current testing system, large wind and groove and other hardware systems and AN-SYS, ABAQU S and other analytical software, Strength analysis and reliability assessment theory and so has a certain theoretical basis and experience.Current Situation of Offshore Oil Drilling Platform in China1. Chinas offshore oil drilling equipment industry has achieved remarkable resultsChinas oil and gas development equipment technology in the introduction, digestion, absorption, re-innovation and localization has made great progress.(1) construction technology is more matureOffshore oil drilling platform is the foundation of drilling equipment based on the sea. From 1970 to the present, the domestic construction of mobile drilling platform 53, has been retired 7, with 46. At present, Chinas offshore oil equipment construction technology has become more mature, with a number of platforms at home and abroad, hull construction experience, has become a floating production oil storage device (FPSO) design, manufacturing and practical application of power, in this area, China The overall technical level has reached the world advanced level.(2) part of the supporting equipment performance and stabilityOffshore drilling platform supporting equipment design and manufacturing technology and land drilling equipment is similar, but in the configuration, reliability and degree of automation than the land drilling equipment more demanding. Domestic electric drilling rigs, drilling pumps and well control equipment, such as the development of technology is more mature, to meet the 7,000 m within the offshore oil drilling development and production needs. Gem machinery, Nanyang two machines and other equipment factory has a wealth of offshore oil drilling equipment manufacturing experience, its products can meet the needs of offshore oil drilling conditions.(3) deep-sea oil and gas development equipment development into a new stageAt present, Chinas marine oil and gas resources development is still concentrated in the 200 m depth of the waters within the sea, still do not have more than 500 m deep water operations capacity. With the advancement of technology, offshore oil development, deep-sea oil and gas development has become an important part of the offshore oil industry. The main reason for advancing to deepwater areas is due to the limited energy availability in shallow water areas that can not meet the rapid growth in demand for energy demand. In addition, with the innovation and development of drilling technology, deepwater drilling has been carried out under many harsh conditions. Although Chinas deep sea oil and gas development from the worlds advanced level there is still a big gap, but Chinas deepwater oil and gas development technology has taken a welcome step for the future to lay the foundation for the deep sea. In 2004, the CNOOC Research Center led the national 863 project deepwater oil and gas field development project sharing technology platform research project, began the first domestic deepwater engineering technology system research, marking Chinas deep sea oil and gas development into a new Historical stage. In addition, in the Pearl River estuary of the South China Sea, CNOOC has cooperated with foreign oil companies, and some of the oil and gas fields have been developed in some or all of the deep sea oil and gas fields.2 weak foundation of offshore oil drilling equipment industryAlthough Chinas offshore oil drilling equipment industry has made remarkable achievements, but with the developed countries over the past 100 years of development history, Chinas offshore oil development equipment industry started relatively late, the overall performance of the main show the following obvious shortcomings.(1) low degree of localization of key equipmentAlthough China in some of the more advanced oil and gas engineering and equipment has been achieved in China, but the domestic manufacturers also basically stay in the structure of the manufacturing, the relevant supporting technology lag, key equipment, technology is still in the hands of foreign manufacturers, seriously restricting the ocean Scale development of oil and gas. Chinas offshore oil drilling platform localization rate of only about 20% narrower, performance and quality have a certain gap with foreign products range from complete, key equipment is almost entirely dependent on imports, now fully dependent on imported equipment: platform (ship ) supporting the diesel generator, electric control system, large crane, ship master, the main propulsion system, shaft, push the front and back sides, etc; drilling system supporting underwater blowout preventer, solid control equipment; jackup Platform lift system gears and racks.(2) the number of existing drilling platforms is insufficientChinas three major oil companies in the offshore oil drilling equipment is significantly insufficient, and the type and operational capacity is far from meeting the needs of marine oil and gas exploration and development. As of 2005, there were 46 mobile drilling platforms in China, among which CNOOC had most of the equipment, CNPC had a jack-up drilling platform, but only at the beach Sea and very shallow waters; SINOPEC has eight drilling platforms, three of which are sitting and five.3 Our strong market demand offshore oil drilling platform From the domestic oil and gas resources development prospects, the current domestic land production of 70% of the total concentrated in the general development of late development, the output decreased year by year in the eastern oil area, while the western oil area has not yet formed a large-scale production succession, , Offshore oil production has become the main force of Chinas oil production increased. Chinas jurisdiction of the sea area of about 300 million km2, of which offshore continental shelf of about 1.3 million km2, oil geological resources of about 23.7 billion tons of natural gas geological resources of about 15.8 trillion m3, contains a wealth of oil and gas resources. National Marine Economic Development Plan, pointed out: recent construction of oil development in Bohai focus on expanding existing development area around the size of reserves, will become Chinas first two Daqing, the next five years, the Bohai Sea drilling platform will have big demand; the existing oil fields and offshore Hainan Pearl River estuary to tap the potential of the main, while strengthening exploration in new formations and deep water, the entire South China Sea oil reserves of approximately 230 to 30 billion t, accounting for Chinas oil total The amount of resources 3%; continue to strengthen the East China Sea oil exploration work, to speed up the beach area of key areas of exploration and development.Three major oil companies in the next five y