高考英语总复习 语法专项 定语从句课件 新人教版.ppt

定语从句 一 关系代词的用法1 that和which的用法 1 限制性定语从句中 必须用关系代词that的情况 当先行词是不定代词all much little something everything anything nothing none theone时 youshouldhandinallthatyouhave 当先行词前面被theonly thevery any few little no all等词修饰时 thisistheonlythingthathasbeentried 当先行词是形容词最高级或先行词的前面有形容词最高级修饰时 thisisthebestthathasbeenusedagainstpollution 当先行词是序数词或它前面有序数词修饰时 thistrainisthelastthatwillgotosuzhou 当先行词既有人又有物时 doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout 当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时 whichisthebikethatyoulost 有两个定语从句时 其中一个关系代词已用which 另外一个宜用that theysecretlybuiltupasmallfactory whichproducedthingsthatcouldcausepollution 当先行词在主句中作表语 而关系代词也在从句中作表语时 shanghaiisnolongerthecitythatitusedtobe 2 定语从句中必须用which的情况 在非限制性定语从句中 只用which 不用that helenwasmuchkindertoheryoungestsonthantotheothers which ofcourse madetheothersenvyhim 当动词短语中的介词提前时 只用which 不用that thisisahouseinwhichluxunoncelived 注意 在一些固定搭配的动词短语中 由于动词和介词不可分割 因此不能把介词置于关系代词之前 thisisthepen which that i mlookingfor 不可以说 thisisthepenforwhichi mlooking 2 who whom和whose的用法当先行词指人 在定语从句中作主语时 用who 不可省略 在定语从句中作宾语时 用whom that 可以省略 在定语从句中作定语时 用whose 不可省略 sheisthegirlwholivesnextdoor that sthegirl whom that iteach 3 介词 关系代词 引导的定语从句 介词 关系代词 引导定语从句时 关系代词只能用which 指物 或whom 指人 即 介词 which whom 1 当介词放在关系代词的前面时 关系代词只能用which或whom 且不能省略 theymaystartasagroupofhigh schoolstudents forwhompractisingtheirmusicinsomeone shouseisthefirststeptofame 2 在限制性定语从句中 当介词位于定语从句的末尾时 可用that which 指物 that whom who 指人 作介词的宾语 而且作介词宾语的关系代词可以省略 thisisthehero that who whom weareproudof 3 复合介词短语 关系代词which 引导的定语从句 这种结构引导的定语从句常与先行词用逗号分开 定语从句常用倒装语序 helivedinabighouse infrontofwhichstoodabigtallappletree 4 介词 which whom 不定式结构 thepoormanhasnohouseinwhichtolive thepoormanhasnohousetolivein thepoormanhasnohouseinwhichhecanlive 4 as和which的区别 1 as引导的非限制性定语从句 既可在主句前 又可在主句后 有时还可插入主句中 而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句之后 相同的是两者都可替代主句的整个内容 而不是主句中的某一个词 asisknowntoall fishcan tlivewithoutwater smokingisharmfultoourhealth asweknow theweatherturnedouttobeverygood whichwasmorethanwecouldexpect 2 当非限制性定语从句放在主句前面时 只能用as asisknowntoeverybody themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth as whichisknowntoeverybody itisknowntoeverybodythatthemoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth whatisknowntoeverybodyisthatthemoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth 后两句属名词性从句范畴 另外 as多用于下列习惯用语中 asanybodycansee正如人人都能看到的那样aswehadexpected正如我们所预料的那样asoftenhappens正如经常发生的那样ashasbeensaidbefore如上所述asismentionedabove正如上面提到的 3 当定语从句放在主句后面时 也并不是as就永远等于which 当定语从句是否定句或表示否定时 只能用which hecamehereverylate whichwasunexpected notexpected mr smithusuallypraiseshisstudentroseinpublic whichshedoesn tlikeatall 当as在从句中作主语时 后面常接动词的被动语态 如 beknown besaid等 如果从句中行为动词是主动语态 一般用which作主语 as常用在asoftenhappens aswassaidearlier asiunderstand asappears等结构中 jackhaswonthefirstprize asoftenhappens as仍然保持作连词时常有的某种含义 davidistall asaremybrothers 当非限制性定语从句的谓语后跟一个复合结构时 只能用which引导定语从句 bettyalwaystellsalie whichherparentsfeelstrange 二 关系副词的用法1 当先行词在定语从句中作状语时 要用关系副词 istillrememberthedaywhenifirstcametobeijing when onwhich canyoutellmetheofficewhereheworks where inwhich 2 介词 关系代词 which where when 有时为表达清楚 还可以在关系副词where when前加介词from to等 chinaisthebirthplaceofkites fromwherekitesspreadtojapanandkorea 3 高考对关系副词where的考查 高考试题中对于where的考查趋于复杂 从先行词为明显的 地点 转为 地点的模糊化 事实上 对于where这个词 考生不能只理解为表地点 当先行词表示某人 物的situation 或某事所发展的stage 或表达某事的某个方面时都可用where这个关系副词 theaccidenthasreachedtoapointwhereboththeirparentsaretobecalledin 三 定语从句用法其他要点1 关系代词在定语从句中作主语 不可省略 2 定语从句中的谓语动词的单复数与先行词保持一致 当引导定语从句的关系代词在从句中作主语时 定语从句中的谓语动词在人称和数的方面 应该与先行词保持一致 1 oneof 复数名词 关系代词 复数动词 thegreatwallisoneoftheworld famousbuildingsthatdrawlotsofvisitors 2 theonlyoneof 复数名词 关系代词 单数动词 thegreatwallistheonlyoneofthebuildingsontheearththatisseenfromthemoon 注意 nottheonlyoneof oneof 3 当关系代词as与which引导非限制性定语从句 修饰主句内容时 若as与which作主语 则从句的谓语动词用单数形式 greatchangeshavetakenplaceinchina asisknowntoall hehaspassedthecollegeentranceexaminations whichmakeshisparentsquitehappy 4 其他情况 i whoamyourteacher willtrymybesttohelpyou 选择合适的关系词填空1 theauthorsofcomputervirusesaregeniuses iagree theyshouldapplytheirwisdomtoothernettechnologyfrom which that humanbeingscanbenefit 2 duringworldwar hetookmanyphotos ofwhich bywhich somecapturedtheemotionsofboththesoldiersandtheciviliansinthewar torneurope 3 weshouldn tspendourmoneytestingsomanypeople mostof which whom arehealthy 4 thatisthesmallhouselessthan20squaremeters under which whose rooflivesalargefamilyofthreegenerations 5 tomtookthepolicetothespot which where theaccidenthappened 6 thelazyboyisexpectingaway that