名词性从句练习及讲解.doc

名词性从句 在中学英语中，名词性从句是复合句中构成和分类最为复杂的部分。根据近年来高考英语命题的走向，今后它将仍然是考查的热点。其主要考点分布在：名词性从句的语序、名词性从句的连接词的辨析、有关名词性从句的常见句型等。名词性从句在句中的作用相当于名词，共有四种：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。引导名词性从句的连词有：连接代词：who，whose，whom，what，which。连接副词：when，where，why，how。其他连接词：that，whether，if，as if。 注意： 连接代词和连接副词在句中不是疑问词，因此从句中不用疑问式(即不要倒装)。 连接代词和连接副词在句中充当句子成分。连接词that，whether，if，as if在句中只起连接作用，不充当句子成分。（一）主语从句 主语从句在句中作主语，它可以放在主句谓语动词之前，但是当主语从句太长时，同时把它放在句子后部，前面用it作形式主语，如：It doesnt matter so much whether you will come or not. 你来还是不来，关系不大。(whether you will come or not是主语从句，it在句中作形式主语)That he will come to the meeting is certain.What he told us is true.1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如： It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film. It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not. It is in the morning that the murder took place.It is John that broke the window.2. 用it 作形式主语的结构(1) It is 名词 从句 It is a fact that 事实是 It is an honor that 非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that 是常识(2) It is 形容词 从句 It is natural that 很自然 It is strange that 奇怪的是(3) It is 不及物动词 从句 It seems that 似乎 It happened that 碰巧 It appears that 似乎(4) It 过去分词 从句 It is reported that 据报道 It has been proved that 已证实 It is said that 据说 3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况：（1）if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。（2）It is said /reported结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week. (right) That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. (wrong)（3）It happens/occurs结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. (right) That he failed in the examination occurred to him. (wrong)（4）It doesnt matter how/whether 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： It doesnt matter whether he is wrong or not. (right) Whether he is wrong or not doesnt matter. (wrong)（5）含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如： Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? (right) Is that will rain in the evening likely? (wrong)4. what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语宾语表语，而that 则不然。例如： 1) What you said yesterday is right.It is right what you said yesterday (wrong) 2) That she is still alive is a consolation It is a consolation that she is still alive. (right) （二）表语从句 表语从句在句中作表语，位于主句系动词之后。如：Thats why he was late.Our aim is that we will finish this book by the end of the month. 注意：表语从句还可用as if引导。如：She looked as if she was going to cry.表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语连系动词表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。引导表语从句的that常可省略。另外，常用的还有the reason is that 和It is because 等结构。例如：1) The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.2) This is why we cant get the support of the people.3) But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.4) The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus. （三）宾语从句 宾语从句在句子中作及物动词或介词宾语，在使用宾语从句时有以下几点需要注意： 1)时态呼应：当主句谓语动词是过去时态，宾语从句要使用过去时态的某种形式。 2)介词之后的宾语从句，一般不用if或which连接，要用what或whether。 3)whether和if都可以引导动词之后的宾语从句，二者常可互换，但是在正式文体中或从句中有or not时，只用whether，不用if。4)注意否定前移：当主句是I / We think (或suppose，expect，believe，imagine，guess) 时，其后的宾语从句如果是否定的，常常把否定词not从从句移到主句。 I dont think you are right.I dont believe they will win the game.1. 作动词的宾语 (1) 由that引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略), 例如： I heard that be joined the army. (2) 由what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句，例如： She did not know what had happened. I wonder whether you can change this note for me. (3) 动词间接宾语宾语从句。例如： She told me that she would accept my invitation.2. 作介词的宾语，例如： Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.3. 作形容词的宾语，例如： I am afraid (that) Ive made a mistake.注意：that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语： anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句。 4. it 可以作为形式宾语 it 不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。 例如： We heard it that she would get married next month.5. 后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词 这类动词有allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语，但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。如： I admire their winning the match. I admire that they won the match. 6. 不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词 有些动词不可用于“动词间接宾语that从句“结构中，常见的有envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。例如： He impressed the manager as an honest man. He impressed the manager that he was an honest man. 7. 否定的转移 若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如： I dont think this dress fits you well. 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。（四）同位语从句 同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。 同位语从句一般跟在某些表示抽象概念的名词后面，用以说明名词所表示的具体内容。常跟同位语从句的名词主要有：idea，news，fact，promise，answer，belief，conditiondoubt，fear，hope，problem，proof，question，reply，report，suggestion，thought，truth等。同位语从句可由that，whether，when，how等连词引导。1. 同位语从句的功能 同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导，例如： 1) The kings decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people. 2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.2. 同位语在句子中的位置 同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。例如： He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off. 3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别(1) 定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。(2) 定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述定的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如：1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分） Exercises(part1)1.It is important that _ our education in all available ways. A. we must develop B. we shall develop C. we would develop D. we should develop2.It is necessary that _ by the end of the week. A. we got everything ready B. we have got everything ready C. We get everything ready D. we must get everything ready 3.It was natural that _. A. my pictures would surprise them B. my pictures surprised them C. my pictures should surprise them D. my pictures would have surprised them4.I wonder _. A. whether or not Ill catch the last bus B. if or not Ill catch the last bus C. that Ill catch the last bus or not D. that Ill catch the last bus5.We all thought _ a pity that we had missed the lesson. A. so B. such C. it D. that6.I took _ for granted that they were not coming. A. that B. this C. it D. so7.I heard _ said that he had great concern for his classmates. A. and B. that C. was D. it8.I wish I _ to the football match last night. A. went B. go C. should go D. had gone (The answers: DCCA, CCDD) Exercises(part2)1.It now appears _ they are in need of help. A. that B. which C. what D. how2.It is good news _ they will arrive in a few days. A. which B. what C. that D. how3.It _ Joe drives badly. A. thought that B. thinks that C. is thought that D. is thought that4.It _ he is late for class. A. may that B. might that C. may be that D. might be what5.This is _ she was born. A. where B. which C. that D. what6.The question is _ we cant go there today. A. that B. what C. which D. when7.The question is _ it is worth doing. A. if B. whether C. which D. what8.The reason he has made such great progress is _ he has never wasted his time. A. because B. why C. that D. what9.My suggestion is _ we should turn the land into rice fields. A. what B. that C. which D. where10.His proposal is that the dam _ at the foot of the mountain. A. build B. will build C. be built D. will be built11.My advice is that he _ regular house. A. keep B. would keep C. keeps D. kept12._ knows the truth will tell you about it. A. Who that B. Whoever C. Whom that D. That who13.We all know the truth _ the earth goes round the sun. A. that B. which C. what D. whether14.We heard the news _ our team had won. A. which B. that C. what D. where15.The problem _ it is right or wrong has not yet been decided. A. which B. that C. whether D. if16.You must do well _ the teacher asks you to do. A. which B. what C. that D. where(The answers: ACDCA, ABCBC, ABABC, B Exercises(part3)1._ I want to know is _ it is worth doing.A. What; that B. What; whetherC. That; why D. That; what2._ visits the Great Wall will be struck by it.A. Anyone B. EachC. Whoever D. Everybody3._ the workers insisted on was that they _ more pay.A. That; must be given B. What; should giveC. Whether; would be given D. What; be given4.She asked _.A.what I was doing when she rang me upB.What was I doing when she rang me upC.When she rang me up what was I doingD.When did she ring me up what I was doing5.Writing stories and articles _ I enjoy most.A. is that B. are thatC. is what D. have been what6.He asked the tailor _.A.how long would the coat be readyB.how soon would the coat be readyC.how long the coat would be readyD.how soon the coat would be ready7.The policeman came up to see _.A. what the matter is B. what the matter wasC. what was the matter D. what is the matter8._ he told us is a _. A. That; lay B. Which; trueC. What; lie D. Whose; truth9.It was not until the headmaster came _.A.and so the students got down to workB.did the students get down to workC.that the students got down to workD.then the students got down to work10.I wonder _ this kind of metal can be used in the construction industry.A. how B. whatC. about D. which11.- _ you did?-