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履带式拖拉机变速器的改进设计Ⅲ
摘 要
变速器用于转变发动机曲轴的转矩，以适应在起步，加速，行驶以克服各种道路障碍等不同行驶条件下对驱动轮牵应引力及车速的不同要求。
在我国，由于技术条件的限制，拖拉机所用的变速器都传统的机械式的有级变速器，这种变速器的变速比是几个固定值。它的结构简单，容易制造；缺点是由于各挡的转速不同，换挡时不可避免要产生冲击，对齿轮产生损坏。这要用啮合套来解决，使结构复杂。由于传动比固定，发动机只能够近似的在最加区域工作。本次设计采用这种变速器。
本次设计主要参照东方红1302R/1302RA履带式拖拉机设计，使用说明书上的基本参数，来完成机械式四轴6+2挡变数器设计任务。适用于水田、旱地及菜园和坡度不大的丘陵地区的农田作业、农业运输等，还可作为农村各种固定作业之动力。
计算时首先要根据发动机与拖拉机的转速，总传动比，确定变速器各挡的传动比。对于倒挡可采用同样的方法求出。确定传动比后，根据传动比计算各挡所需齿轮的模数，齿数，压力角。所有挡均采用直齿圆柱齿轮。然后对其进行校核。以确定变速器内部结构。
在国外，液压传动，动力传动形式的无级变速已经用于拖拉机，它克服了机械式变速器的缺点。但它的结构复杂，难于制造。可它有着广阔的前景，通过各种拖拉机的科研工作者的不断努力，无级变速器一定会得到不断的完善。
此次设计的变速器主要针对普通老百姓，本着经济实用的原则来完成本次设计，所以在设计选择材料上和实用上需要避免选用一些较为昂贵的材料和单一的作业，因此本次设计应该较为经济而且在结构布置上也应该较为合理，在市场上应该得到广大农民的欢迎。
关键词：变速器，啮合套，齿轮，传动比
THE DESIGN OF TRANSMISSION
ABSTRACT
transmission is used to change engine crank shaft revolution regulation, to fit in withlead the different request responding to the gravitation and speed of a vehicle understarting , acceleration, run to overcoming the various road obstacle
In our country, restrict since the technology is conditional, dyadic having of the tradition machinery all is worth transmission used by tractor than level transmission, this transmission speed change being that are several fixed. Its structure is simple , easy to make; The shortcoming is that the rotation rate is different since every blocks , inevitable essential points creation pounds , produces to the gear wheel a breakdown when shifting gears. Want to come to solve with synchronism implement , make structure complicated. Since the transmission ratio is fixed , the engine can, similar works add area most. Capital is designed time adopt this transmission
The tractor designs 1302 R/1302RA capital is designed time consulting the East is red mainly , the upper fundamental operating instruction manual parameter, comes to accomplish dyadic four scrolls of 6 + 2 gear variables implements of machinery designing a mission. Farmland school assignment , agriculture transportation applying to the paddy field , dry land and kitchen garden and no big knobs of slope etc., may be various driving force of fixing school assignment of rural area,
First, when secretly scheming against want the rotation rate ,general transmission ratio according to the engine and the tractor , ascertain the transmission ratio that transmission blocks respectively. May adopt same method to ask out to reverse gear. Ascertain the transmission ratio queen , secretly scheme against every modulus needed a gear wheel by gear , tooth number , pressure angle according to the transmission ratio. All gear adopt the straight tooth column gear wheel without exception. And then carry out the core of school on the person. To ascertain change gear inner structure.
In abroad, hydraulic drive , driving force drive form infinitely variable speeds have already been used for tractor , it has overcome dyadic transmission of machinery shortcoming. Its structure is complicated , but difficult to make. But, it has broad prospects, by the fact that ceaselessness of various tractor scientific research worker making great efforts , stepless transmission being sure to get ceaseless improving and perfecting
The transmission designing that this time is aimed at the average common people mainly , design that time according to accomplishing capital coming pragmatic principle of economy, therefore needing to avoid selecting and using a little comparatively expensive material and unitary school assignment on designing that the material choosing is upper and pragmatic, second therefore this design ought to comparatively economical and also ought to on structure arrangement comparatively rational, welcoming ought to get farmers on the marketplace.
Keywords: transmission , marching collar, gear,gear ratio
目 录
第一章 前言…………………………………………………….…….1
第二章 结构设计…………………………………………………..…2
§2.1 概述………………………………………………………….2
§2.1.1变速箱的功用……………………………………………..2
§2.1.2 对变速箱的工作要求…………………………………….2
§2.1.3 变速箱的工作原理……………………………………..2
§2.2变速器布置方案的分析……………………………………..3
§2.3 操纵机构的确定…………………………………………….6
第三章 变速器基本参数的设置…………………………………..…7
§3.1 传动比的确定……………………………………………….7
§3.2 扭矩的确定………………………………………………….8
§3.3 变速箱主要参数的确定……………………………………….8§3.3.1初定中心距Ａ………………………………………….……8
§3.3.2初定齿轮端面模数M…………………………………….8
§3.4 确定各档齿轮的齿数…………………………………….…9
§3.5 齿轮的变位……………………………………..……….…10
第四章 轴的校核…………………………………………………....13
§4.1 输入轴的校核………………………………………...……13
§4.2 输出轴的校核…………………………………………...…16
第五章 轴承寿命的计算……………………………………………19
§5.1输入轴轴承寿命的计算……………………………………19
§5.2倒挡轴轴承寿命的计算……………………………………19
第六章 齿轮强度的校核……………………………………………21
§6.1 一挡齿轮的校核………………………………………..….21
§6.2 倒一挡齿轮的校核…………………………………..…….22
§6.3 变速器齿轮材料及热处理…………………………….….24
第七章 总结………………… …………………………..………….25
致谢……………………………… ……………………………….…26
参考文献…………………………… …………………………….27
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