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履带式拖拉机变速器的改进设计Ⅲ

摘要

变速器用于转变发动机曲轴的转矩，以适应在起步，加速，行驶以克服各种道路障碍等不同行驶条件下对驱动轮牵应引力及车速的不同要求。

在我国，由于技术条件的限制，拖拉机所用的变速器都传统的机械式的有级变速器，这种变速器的变速比是几个固定值。它的结构简单，容易制造；缺点是由于各挡的转速不同，换挡时不可避免要产生冲击，对齿轮产生损坏。这要用啮合套来解决，使结构复杂。由于传动比固定，发动机只能够近似的在最加区域工作。本次设计采用这种变速器。

本次设计主要参照东方红1302R/1302RA履带式拖拉机设计，使用说明书上的基本参数，来完成机械式四轴6+2挡变数器设计任务。适用于水田、旱地及菜园和坡度不大的丘陵地区的农田作业、农业运输等，还可作为农村各种固定作业之动力。

计算时首先要根据发动机与拖拉机的转速，总传动比，确定变速器各挡的传动比。对于倒挡可采用同样的方法求出。确定传动比后，根据传动比计算各挡所需齿轮的模数，齿数，压力角。所有挡均采用直齿圆柱齿轮。然后对其进行校核。以确定变速器内部结构。

在国外，液压传动，动力传动形式的无级变速已经用于拖拉机，它克服了机械式变速器的缺点。但它的结构复杂，难于制造。可它有着广阔的前景，通过各种拖拉机的科研工作者的不断努力，无级变速器一定会得到不断的完善。

此次设计的变速器主要针对普通老百姓，本着经济实用的原则来完成本次设计，所以在设计选择材料上和实用上需要避免选用一些较为昂贵的材料和单一的作业，因此本次设计应该较为经济而且在结构布置上也应该较为合理，在市场上应该得到广大农民的欢迎。

关键词：变速器，啮合套，齿轮，传动比

THE DESIGN OF TRANSMISSION

ABSTRACT

transmission is used to change engine crank shaft revolution regulation, to fit in withlead the different request responding to the gravitation and speed of a vehicle understarting , acceleration, run to overcoming the various road obstacle

In our country, restrict since the technology is conditional, dyadic having of the tradition machinery all is worth transmission used by tractor than level transmission, this transmission speed change being that are several fixed. Its structure is simple , easy to make; The shortcoming is that the rotation rate is different since every blocks , inevitable essential points creation pounds , produces to the gear wheel a breakdown when shifting gears. Want to come to solve with synchronism implement , make structure complicated. Since the transmission ratio is fixed , the engine can, similar works add area most. Capital is designed time adopt this transmission

The tractor designs 1302 R/1302RA capital is designed time consulting the East is red mainly , the upper fundamental operating instruction manual parameter, comes to accomplish dyadic four scrolls of 6 + 2 gear variables implements of machinery designing a mission. Farmland school assignment , agriculture transportation applying to the paddy field , dry land and kitchen garden and no big knobs of slope etc., may be various driving force of fixing school assignment of rural area,

First, when secretly scheming against want the rotation rate ,general transmission ratio according to the engine and the tractor , ascertain the transmission ratio that transmission blocks respectively. May adopt same method to ask out to reverse gear. Ascertain the transmission ratio queen , secretly scheme against every modulus needed a gear wheel by gear , tooth number , pressure angle according to the transmission ratio. All gear adopt the straight tooth column gear wheel without exception. And then carry out the core of school on the person. To ascertain change gear inner structure.

In abroad, hydraulic drive , driving force drive form infinitely variable speeds have already been used for tractor , it has overcome dyadic transmission of machinery shortcoming. Its structure is complicated , but difficult to make. But, it has broad prospects, by the fact that ceaselessness of various tractor scientific research worker making great efforts , stepless transmission being sure to get ceaseless improving and perfecting

The transmission designing that this time is aimed at the average common people mainly , design that time according to accomplishing capital coming pragmatic principle of economy, therefore needing to avoid selecting and using a little comparatively expensive material and unitary school assignment on designing that the material choosing is upper and pragmatic, second therefore this design ought to comparatively economical and also ought to on structure arrangement comparatively rational, welcoming ought to get farmers on the marketplace.

Keywords: transmission , marching collar, gear,gear ratio

第一章前言…………………………………………………….…….1

第二章结构设计…………………………………………………..…2

§2.1 概述………………………………………………………….2

§2.1.1变速箱的功用……………………………………………..2

§2.1.2 对变速箱的工作要求…………………………………….2

§2.1.3 变速箱的工作原理……………………………………..2

§2.2变速器布置方案的分析……………………………………..3

§2.3 操纵机构的确定…………………………………………….6

第三章变速器基本参数的设置…………………………………..…7

§3.1 传动比的确定……………………………………………….7

§3.2 扭矩的确定………………………………………………….8

§3.3 变速箱主要参数的确定……………………………………….8§3.3.1初定中心距Ａ………………………………………….……8

§3.3.2初定齿轮端面模数M…………………………………….8

§3.4 确定各档齿轮的齿数…………………………………….…9

§3.5 齿轮的变位……………………………………..……….…10

第四章轴的校核…………………………………………………....13

§4.1 输入轴的校核………………………………………...……13

§4.2 输出轴的校核…………………………………………...…16

第五章轴承寿命的计算……………………………………………19

§5.1输入轴轴承寿命的计算……………………………………19

§5.2倒挡轴轴承寿命的计算……………………………………19

第六章齿轮强度的校核……………………………………………21

§6.1 一挡齿轮的校核………………………………………..….21

§6.2 倒一挡齿轮的校核…………………………………..…….22

§6.3 变速器齿轮材料及热处理…………………………….….24

第七章总结………………… …………………………..………….25

致谢……………………………… ……………………………….…26

参考文献…………………………… …………………………….27

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内容简介：: Information resources application in keeping a job in repair in the automobile Information resources is to produce , to assign process , to exchange (circulate) , consume refer to informations. It includes information equipment , information personnel , i nformation system , information network uniting each other than rapid and intense etc. except information content outside self. Our country in the past regards matter , the sources of energy as resource only , regards information as the same information, Self comrade Deng Xiaoping develops information resources , serve four spending the construction inscription announcing the day afer tomorrow in an open manner, people directs on the information cognition, qualitative leap happened, three big strateg y resource of the social development knowing that information is also one kind of precious strategy resource , it becomes a nowadays together with matter , the sources of energy arriving at. This behaviour is around: 1, information plays optimization role to essential productive factors. Information may produce quality by the optimization , rational effective guiding essential productive factors aspect such as deploying , boosting productivity system working to have order brings the function effect into pla y (1) The information passes and the labour force interacts, level and utilization ratio increasing the quality other, producing the key element information content , improving productivity thereby systematically (2) The information to interact tier, guiding produ ces optimum key element combination , improves productivity thereby. (3) The information passes and produces directors coactions, knowability and transparency strengthening a director and managing a marriage partners, improve working have boundary order prod uctivity system thereby. 2, the information plays complementary role to resource. Matter , the sources of energy , nts manpower and fund compose societys fundamental resource, but development of information, resource plays arrive at complementary role to the se societys basic , its behaviour is: (1) the information may save various society economic activity middle resource sigmatism and consumption greatly. (2) the intelligence robots sigmatism, make human resources get complement and replacement (4) the information can replace capital, makes a fund more convenient thereby , economic development serves quick , more effective for society. 3, the information plays added value role to wealth. That information play optimize an effect and get complement to social res ources role to essential productive factors, and may not only creates wealth directly , plays added value role to public wealth. 1) The information but messenger is not that resource changes into resource , throwing into the corresponding information city mak es the person produce value or value added value. 2) They sells the information product and information service , creates wealth thereby directly 3) The information may shortens the time circulating , creates wealth thereby 4) The information may expands added valu e space , creates wealth thereby. 二 , our country automobile keep the job need to information resources in repair and have the problem That the job our country automobile on tradition significance is kept in repair, always is in the current situation primit ive , falling behind for a long time, is universally accepted dirty , bitter , tired , bad industry , this shows backward in the field of Zhus such as control level , engineering level , personnel quality , equipment equipment, but information resources as pect falling behind shows especially outstandingly. nts The traditional automobile service material information inquiry,mainly draws support the traditional media (for example books,magazine, publication and so on, this traditional media, has the information content slightly, the inquiry speed slow, the material renewal is slow, specially later massively will well up into regarding the reform and open policy the domestic import automobile, because will lack the service material, will bring the very major difficulty for the maintenance work, Speaking of the present automobile service technical personnel, does not have a person to be able several thousand kind of memory and so on vehicle types service materials, data, procedure in the cerebrum, the automobile serv ice technical personnels knowledge technology, the experience as well as comprehensively grasp to the information, more and more demonstrates own limitation.Our country automobile U ygur studies at school to service the material information the demand to b e day by day intense.But solves insufficient this is the automobile service specialized internet, namely Internet.The Internet appearance, has broken the information transmission thoroughly in spatial, the time limitation, can be most comprehensive in the first time, fast information rapid transmission Earths on each quoin. But in internet China modern automobile service profession already budding, looking from the international automobile service profession, the service profession technical data inquiry, the failure detection diagnosis, the technical training network, has become the comprehensive popularization the aspect. Studies at school take American automobile U ygur as the example, on the service information integration management, the expert collect ive doctors consulation, the net inquires on the material, the net explains on the difficult various illnesses, the net carries out on the technical advisory work, the net purchases the automobile service material, already became the service profession the basic characteristic.In at the end of the 80s the beginning of 90s, already was as early as comprehensive implements. Our country automobile service specialized internet, is starts from the 90s intermediate stages to start, take the Europe and Asia f lute prestige automobile service specialized website as the nts example, from 1995, namely starts to establish long -distance has passed rapid BBS in the member unit interior use.From 96 years, starts to invest the large amount of money, establishes the automob ile to service INTERN ET massively to interconnect the website;At present has developed into the specialized strongest automobile service specialized website, covers European and American Asia various Che Xi the engine, the gear box, the air conditioning, the hand, changes, the constant speed, the security aerocyst security, and so on various systems basic maintenance, the overhaul procedure, each kind of data, each kind of part site plan, the machinery disassembling chart, the electrical circuit diagram, a nd realized in -line Q/A, the net has consulted, on the net inquires, on the net functions and so on training Automobile service specialized Internet other important function is may rapid, quickly provide the automobile fitting, the automobile service chec k-out facility, automobile aspect and so on service material, automobile service technology and managerial talent supply and demand informations, causes the enterprise operator and the superintendent can obtain the information promptly, makes the correct c hoice and the decision-making. But on Internet technical discussion and technological exchange, also has accelerated the automobile service technical personnels overall technical standards.On net long -distance automobile service technology training, also gave needs to absorb new technical and the new knowledge automobile service technical personnels again training unceasingly has provided a way.In addition, computer management system management system software and technology in modern automobile service e nterprises application, also is the information resource and the information technology the application example which studies at school in automobile U ygurThe modern automobile service enterprise has two dominant characters: One is the advanced examination maintenance equipment and the service material application, two is the computer network application and the computer management. Is the informationization and the computer technology courses the automobile service enterprise the modern management pattern and the management way.The enterprise develops the basis lies in the human, lies in the management.;The nts service; will become the future to compete the most important method. Good service including service service, before -sales service and post -sale service.This kind of initiative service, is the establishment stable customer relations, relies on in the customer information and the service file establishment and the management.But the massive enterprises manage the data message, only depends on artificially completes is imagines with difficulty.Using the computer technology, establishes the enterprise network database is the way that must be taken. In fact, because the automobile service profession service process complex, the data information content is big , depends upon the manpower often with difficulty to service, the fitting, the customer file, the vehicles file, the staff and various departments progress of work surveillance, the enterprise merely manages the data to carry on the accurate statistics and the analysis.But utilizes the computer management quickly, the speed, the time short, the material entire, the efficiency is high Uses the computer to carry on the service business management the merit is: 1, the upper formation superintendent may underst and the entire factory promptly through the computer management network system the operation situation, thus may carry on the overall plan arrangement to the entire factory various departments work. 2, the accurate prompt statistical report form greatly r educed the fault which the superintendent judges subjectively possibly creates, like this strengthened all staffs work enthusiasm, may form the good enterprise culture, the enhancement enterprises cohesive force. 3, it may cause the automobile service en terprise thorough change manual workshop -like working pattern, realizes a qualitative leap, solves by this as the head of undertaking faces the huge customer material every day, services the record, the disorderly stock management as well as therefore pro duces many customer disputes and diverse and confused business. 4, factory managers may come from the tedious overall plan arrangement, the production scheduling, in the statistical report form extricate, strive for more customers, brings more better bene fits. nts 5, the standard standard computerization management can enhance the service factory in customer mind image.Under the computer management customer and the vehicles file, for long -term, the nimble customer served have laid the foundation. 6, the vehicles, the customer dynamic track may let banking department concrete grasping all vehicles as well as customer each detail, reminds the customer to carry on the service, the maintenance and the components replacement as necessary, has manifested the service integrity. 7, the diagram analyses a function being able to be that the factory managing director managers who are busily engaged provide a penetrating simple inquiry function. 8, it can remove the in the field of accountant artificial fault. 9, it can react with prompt reliable response , stop occupying customers precious time as far as possible to inquiry brought forward by customers. 10, it is raising working efficiency , rearranging a part rationally , using manpower and material resources sparingly a nd so on Four, our country information resources application keeping a boundary in repair in automobile prospect Although because of diversified conditional restricting , information resources application keeping a job in repair in our country automobile h ave one seriess problem. But the IT industry tide power of rectifying to be surging forward like a torrential tide, be not allowed to check a field to entire society every field pounds. The industry our country automobile being entered the new century is kept in repair also naturally produces bigger push effect. The information resources application keeping a boundary in repair in automobile prospect will be very vast. Be able to keep a technician in repair because of the automobile inquiring about the keep a data in repair , prompt entrance automobile trouble shoot convenient , rapid in special field Internet application keeping enterprise in repair in automobile （一） automobile is kept in repair,cut down vehicle servicing time but nts notable rise produces efficiency, （二） popularizes with the computer promptness , large number of the talented person knowing the usage computer and Internet well pours workers and administrative staff entering an automobile keeping enterprise in repair , being enterprise unfailingly into the new blood and vigour （三） they are modern not only the supervisor mode keeping enterprise in repa

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