英语分词.doc

一、分词做定语The girl _(prepare) the documents is my sister.The _(educate) scholar is my teacher.A _(watch) pot never boils. They lived in a house _(face) south .The poisonous gas_(release) by cars are now a major cause of breathing problems. 退休工人 _ 逃跑的犯人_ 正在睡觉的男孩 _ The house_(正在那儿造的) is a shopThe house _(那儿造好的)is a shop. The house _(那儿即将造的)is a shop. 总结: 作定语的分词形式为: 名词与分词短语关系分词的形式名词与分词为主动关系名词与分词为被动关系名词与分词为被动关系且表动作正在进行名词与分词为被动关系且表动作尚未进行( )The Chinese are proud of the 29th Olympic games _ in Beijing in 2008. (06 四川)A. hold B. holding C. held D. to be held( )Tom looked at jenny, tears_ his eyes, and shouted out the words_ in his heart for years.A. filling; having been hidden B. filled; hiddenC. filling; hidden D. filled ; hiding二、分词做补语分词作宾补主要出现在特定的动词后感觉感官动词 使役词 find, get, keep, leave, catch 1. see/watch/ observe/hear/notice等后面的宾语补足语 I heard her _ (sing) an English song just now.I heard her _ (sing) an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.I heard the English song _ (sing) many times.I heard her _ (scold) when I passed by her room yesterday.我注意到他们在修理汽车. I noticed them _. 在回家的路上, 我听到有人喊我. On my way back home, I heard _.On my way back home, I heard my name _.Conclusion1:see/watch/ observe/hear/notice等后面的宾语补足语有四种形式:_2. have 后面的宾语补足语I will have my bike _(repair) tomorrow.Tom has his leg _(break) while playing footballThe boss has the workers _(work) day and night.Mother had me _(go) to the shop and buy some salt.Conclusion2: _3) find后宾语补足语When they returned home from the holiday, they found their house _ (steal).At that time, I find her_ (cry) in the room.When he awoke, he found himself _ (look after) by an old woman.Conclusion3:_4) leave后面的宾语补足语It is wrong of you to leave the machine _ (run).The guests left most of the dishes_ (untouch), because they didnt taste delicious.He left, leaving me _ (do) all the rest work.We hurriedly ended our meeting, leaving many problems _ (settle).Conclusion4:_Consolidation exercises:1. I noticed the young lady _(steal) into the office building.2. I heard the poem _ (read) aloud.3. I cant get him _（stop）smoking.4.I am sorry to have kept you _(wait)for such a long time.5. My father had both his legs _(break) in the accident.三、分词做状语1. 从山顶上看， 这个城市很漂亮。_, the city is beautiful.2. 从山顶上看， 我们发现这个城市很漂亮。_, we found the city is very beautiful.3. He walked to the hall, _(身后跟着)two guards.4. He walked to the hall,_(跟着)two guards.Conclusion: 分词或分词短语作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须与_保持一致, 且逻辑上与句子主语有_关系，主动用_，被动用_.改写下列句子1.Because she didnt know which bus to take, she turned to me for help. = _which bus to take, she turned to me for help.2.After Tom had waited in the queue for half an hour, he suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.=_ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.Conclusion: 分词的时态意义从属于_的时态， 若分词的动作于谓语动词同时发生，用分词的_； 若分词的动作发生在谓语动词之前，用_,否定形式_置于句首。3.If I am given another chance, I will do it much better.=_another chance, I will do it much better4. He walked down the hill and sang softly to himself.= He walked down the hill, _.5.The old scientist died all of a sudden so that he left the project unfinished.= The old scientist died all of a sudden, _.6.Wen they heard the news, they got excited.= _, they got excited.conclusion：分词可以作_、_、_、_、_等状语, 可以和状语从句互换.Practice: Translate the following using participle clauses 1._(与玩时)her grandson, the old lady felt happy.2. _ (去过那儿)many times, she knew the place quite well.3._(堵塞) in traffic, he was late for work.4. _(给于)enough time, we will see the whole city.5._(向左转) at the crossroad, you will see the railway station on your right.6._( 不知道）which answer was right, she turned to the teacher for help. 形式意义与句中主语构成主谓(主动)关系 与谓语动词同时发生, 或基本同时发生与句中主语构成主谓(主动)关系, 先于谓语动词发生与句中主语构成动宾(被动)关系与句中主语构成动宾(被动)关系, 与谓语动词同时发生, 一般作原因状语置于句首与句中主语构成动宾(被动)关系, 先于谓语动词发生Consolidation exercises( ) 1._ from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world. (2005湖北)A. being separated B. having separated C. having been separated D. to be separated ( )2. The accident happened, _ a lot of damage. A.causing B.to have caused C.to cause D.having caused ( )3. _ by a greater demand for vegetables, farmers have built more green house.(2007年浙江卷）A. Driven B. Being driven C. To drive D. Having driven ( )4. _automatically,the e-mail willbereceivedbyalltheclubmembers. (2006年上海卷) A.Mailedout B.Mailingout C.Tobemailedout D.Havingmailedout ( )5. “You cant catch me!” Janet shouted, _ away. (2005年全国卷) A. run B. running C. to run D. ran( )6._terrible, the medicine was thrown away by the child.A. Tasted B. Tasting C. To taste D. Being tasted四、分词做状语的难点（一）、有时分词前可带连词when, while, once, if, unless, although ，though，as if 等一起做状语，使句子的意思更清楚，更连贯。rewrite the sentences:1. Be careful when you are crossing the street.= Be careful when_ the street.2. If we are united, we stand; if we are divided, we fall. = If _, we stand; if _, we fall.3. You will find the Acropolis very beautiful when you visit the city.=You will find the Acropolis very beautiful when _ the city4. _(如果被修复好), the monument could be restored to its former glory.5. _(一旦被抓住), people who deliberately damage the monument would be fined or even imprisoned.Sum up: 当主从复合句的主语一致时可以把_ 一起省略. 或者把从句中表示主谓关系的主语省略, 把谓语动词改为-ing 形式.Practice:1. Once _( arm ), we are afraid of nothing.2. When _( walk ) in the park, Mathilde met with her old friend.3. While_( criticize ),she cried.4. She came earlier than _( expect).5. Everything goes well as _( plan ).6. If _ (repair) well, the monument could be restored to its former glory.高考衔接( )1.When _ help, one often says “Thank you” or “Its very kind of you”.(2005福建) A. offering B. to offer C. to be offered D. offered.( )2.When _ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.(2006 浙江)A. compared B. being compared C. comparing D. having compared( )3.No matter how frequently _, the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world.(2006 广东)A. performed B. performing C. to be performed D. being performed（二）、独立主格结构Comparison:1. Montreal is the second largest French-speaking city in the world, Paris _(be) the largest.Montreal is the second largest French-speaking city in the world, and Paris _(be) the largest.2.The project _(finish), they had a two weeks leave._(finish) the project, they had a two weeks leave.3.He _(be) absent, nothing could be done.He _(be) absent, so nothing could be done.Conclusion: 独立主格结构的_ 和主句的_是不一致的， 它独立存在着。在句子中作_、_、_ 、等状语Practice: 一句多译 如果天气允许的话, 我们步行去那儿. _well go there on foot._, well go there on foot._a fine day, well go there on foot .2.会议结束了, 老师们一个一个走出了大厅._, the teachers went out of the hall one by one._, the teachers went out of the hall one by one._, the teachers went out of the hall one by one.3.剩下的时间不多了, 我们只好加快了脚步._, we had to speed up._, we had to speed up.( ) 1.My work_, I went home .A. had been done B. done C. having done D. to be done( ) 2._ Sunday, the students are at home.A. Being B. To be C. It is D. It being( ) 3._, so she had to be sent to hospital.A. Being ill B. Her mother was ill. C. Her mothering being ill D. Having been ill（三）、特殊用法1._ (dress) in a beautiful skirt, she went to the party._ (lose) in thought, he didnt notice