牛津高中英语模块一unit1词汇讲解.doc

牛津高中英语模块一Unit1 重点词词组1. experience n. (1) C 经历something that happens to you or something you do, especially when this has an effect on what you feel or think:1) This was my first experience of living abroad. 这是我第一次在国外生活的经历。2) Failing an exam was a new experience for me. 考试失败对我来说是全新的体验。 (2) U 经验 knowledge or skill that you gain from doing a job or activity, or the process of doing this:1) Experience is the best teacher. 经验是最好的老师。2) I have some first-hand experience in skiing. 我有滑雪的第一手经验。v. (1) 经历，体验，遭受to have a particular situation affect you or happen to youEveryone experiences these problems at some time in their lives 每个人在人生中的某些时刻都经历过这些问题。(2) 感受，体会，体验 to experience pain/pleasure/unhappiness 感受痛苦/愉快/不幸experienced adj. 有经验的an experienced teacher an experienced reporterbe experienced at/in +名词/doing something 1) Jenny is experienced at teaching beginners. 珍妮在教初学者方面有经验。 2) Tom is experienced in dealing with difficult customers 汤姆在与难对付的客户打交道方面有经验。2. earn v. (1) 挣钱 to receive money by working 1) She doesnt earn much money, but she enjoys the work. 她赚不到很多钱，但是她喜欢这个工作。 earn a living = make a living, earn ones living = make ones living 2) He earns his living as a teacher. 他靠当教师谋生。 (2) 赢得 to get something as a result of ones efforts 1) He earned respect from his students. 他赢得了学生的尊敬。 2) She earned a reputation as the best teacher of the school. 她赢得了最优秀教师的荣誉。3. devote vt.(1) 致力于，献身to give most of your time, energy, attention, etc. to sb./sth. She devoted herself to her career. 她全力倾注于自己的事业。 (2) 把用于 to give an amount of time, attention, etc. to sth. I could only devote two hours a day to work on the project. 我一天只能在这个项目上花两小时。devoted adj. 挚爱的，忠诚的，全心全意的They are devoted to their children. 他们深爱着自己的孩子。a devoted son /friend / fan 孝子； 忠诚的朋友； 狂热的崇拜者devotion n. 4. average adj.(1) 平均的 the average rainfall平均降雨量 1) Tom is of average height. 汤姆是平均身高 2) The average age of the students in this school here is 16. 该校学生的平均年龄是16岁。 (2) 一般的，普通的(neither very good nor very bad) 1) She looks like an average teacher. 她看起来是一名普通的老师。 2) An average American eats more than 10 pounds of chocolate a year. 美国人平均每年吃掉10磅多的巧克力。 n. 平均，平均数” 1) The average of five and three is four. 5和3的平均数是4 2) Do you know how to work out an average? 你知道怎样算平均数吗？ 3) This years rainfall comes close to the average. 今年的降雨量接近平均水平。average的词组：* on (the) average 平均而言On (the) average, I receive 15 e-mails every day.* above (the) average / below (the) average高于/低于平均水平1) Her grades are above the average 她的成绩高于平均分。2) The cost of living in this city is below the average. 这个城市的生活费用低于平均水平。5. struggle n. (1) 只用单数难事 ( to do sth.) It was a real struggle to be ready on time.要按时做好准备确非易事。(2) 斗争；努力 struggle with sb. against/for sth. 和某人为反对/争取-而斗争 vi. 奋斗；努力；挣扎 struggle for freedom 为争取自由而努力 struggle to do sth. struggle against/with sb./sth. 斗争，抗争 He struggled agaisnt cancer for two years. 他同癌症抗争了两年。6look back on 回首（往事），回忆，回顾 look back on ones childhood 回顾自己的童年7exchange n. (1) 交换，互换 （giving and receiving） the exchange of prisoners 交换俘虏(2) 交流 promote an open exchange of ideas and information促进思想和信息的公开交流(3) 交谈，争论 There was only time for a brief exchange.只有简短的交谈时间。(4)（金钱）兑换，汇兑 exchange rate/ rate of exchange 兑换价(5)（不同国家人或团体之间的）交流，互访 trade and cultural exchanges with China 与中国的贸易和文化交流v. (1) 交换 exchange sth. with sb. *exchange ideas/news/information 交流思想，互通信息 I shook hands and exchanged a few words with the mangers. 我与经理握手，相互交谈了几句。 (2)（金钱）兑换, (商品)更换 exchange A for B 1) You can exchange your currency for dollars in the hotel. 你可以在旅馆里把你的钱兑换成美元。 2) If it doesnt fit, take it back and the store will exchange it. 不合适就拿回来，商店将给你调换。 changeable adj. 可交换的，可交易的，可兑换的，可更换的8. graduate n. (1)大学毕业生，学士学位获得者 a graduate in history 历史学学士 (2) 毕业生 a high-school graduate 高中毕业生v. (1) 大学毕业，获得学士学位graduate in sth./from sth. She graduated from York with a degree in Psychology.她毕业于约克大学，获心理学学士学位。(2) 毕业 graduate from high school 高中毕业graduate school 研究生院graduation n. 1) U 毕业 after graduation 毕业后 2）C, U 毕业典礼 graduation day 毕业典礼日9. donate v. (1) 捐献，捐款 donate something to sb./sth.She donated one million yuan to the Hope Project.她向希望工程捐款一百万。 (2) donate blood 献血* donation n. (1)C捐献(尤指钱)，捐赠物 make a donation (to) 捐款 (2) U捐赠行为10. inform v. 通知(1) inform sb. about/of sth.(正式)告知某人某事Please inform us of any change of address as soon as possible.如有地址变更，请尽快告知。(2) inform sb. + that-从句告知某人We regret to inform you that your application has been rejected. 我们很遗憾地通知你，你的申请未被接受。11. approve(1) vt. 批准，通过”(to officially accept a plan, proposal, etc.)The President approved the building plan.(2) vi .赞成，认可，同意”(to think that something /somebody is good, right, or suitable) * approve of1) Her parents dont approve of their marriage. 她的父母不同意他们结婚。2) I dont approve of your choice. 我不赞成你的选择。(3) approve approval 名词 approve disapprove反义词12. charge n. (1) 负责，掌管 sb. be in charge of 某人负责； put sb. in charge of 让某人负责 take charge of 负责in/under the charge of sb. 由某人负责The company is now in the charge of Mr. White.=Mr. White is now in charge of the company. 公司现在由怀特先生负责。 (2) 费用 free of charge 免费；no extra charge for delivery 不另收运费 (3) 指控，控告 bring the charges against sb. 对某人起诉 (4)电荷，电量 on charge 在充电 v. (1) 使承担责任(2) 收费 charge sb. $50 for a meal(3) 指控，控告 He was charged with murder. 他被控犯有谋杀罪。in charge of负责 used to do过去常常做take charge of负责 be used to doing习惯于in the charge of 受管理，被照顾 be used to do被用于forget doing sth忘记做过了某事 regret to do sth遗憾要去做某事forget to do sth忘记（去）做某事 regret doing sth后悔做过了某事remember doing sth记起做过了某事 remember to do sth 记起去做某事13.missmiss-想念：I miss Miss Chiang every day. Missing丢失的，不在的，失踪的miss-未击中：I missed the bird. Miss doing未miss-错过(机会)：I missed the chance to go to college.(错过上大学的机会)I missed going to college. (错过上大学的机会)miss 当动词用，后跟动名词，又如：Dont miss missing me, Miss Chiang.(不要忘了想念我)14.Funfun:1.作不可数名词，表示“乐趣，享乐”。例句：1.We had a lot of fun at the party. 我们在派对上玩得很开心。 2.Have fun! 玩得开心点！2.作形容词，表示“逗乐的，有趣的”。 例句:Thiss a fun game. 这是个有趣的游戏。Make fun of sb.取笑某人=laugh at sb.=play tricks on=make jokes aboutFou fun为了高兴，为了好玩15.AsasAsas句式中，第一个as是副词，第二个as是连词。Asas中间主要用形容词或副词，1. as+adj./adv.+as The paper is as soft as silk.这纸像丝一样柔软。2. as+adj.a/an+单数名词+as the soldier is as brave a man as Dong Cunrui.3. As+adj.可数名词复数/不可数名词+as they are as great writers as Lu Xun and Ba Jin.他们是象鲁迅和巴金一样伟大的作家。 You havent made as much progress as you should.你没有取得应有的进步。4. As+adj./adv.+as+possible/主语+can/could，表示“尽可能地” They ran as fast as they could.他们尽可能快的跑。5. As many/much/tall/long/wideas+表数量的名词，表示“多/高/长/宽达 Todays temperature is as high as35.今天的气温高达35摄氏度。6. Asas的否定句式为：not as/soas It is not as/so hot as yesterday.16TimeA time of 时期 ，时代，可数名词 in modern times 在现代 in no time=at once 马上，立刻At times 有事，时不时的 at a time ,一次，每次 at one time 曾经at the same time 同时，尽管如此Onceupon a time=long long ago很久以前 at the time ,一直，老是 at once time and another 在不同场合，在不同时候 H欧文time flies！光阴似箭Its the first time that sb.have/has done这是第一次做Its time for sb.to do sth.该某人做某事 Its about /high time that sb.did /should do sth.17.Whats like?.是.样的?-人的品质/外表18.Enjoy enjoy doing sth. Enjoy oneself earn指为钱或其他报酬工作 win指在竞争中获胜，并可能获奖gain指获得有用或重要的东西，与钱无关 achieve通过努力达成目标 get常规动词专注做某事，忠于做某事devote sb. to sth./doing sth.=be devoted to sth./doing sth.PreparePrepare+n.准备 prepare for+n