第二讲名词.doc

第二讲名词考点一：名词的数A group of_ are eating grass and _in front of the farm.A sheep, leaves B sheeps, leaves C sheep leaf D sheeps,leaf考点诠释：1.单数名词变为复数名词常考点（1）以O结尾的名词变复数时，常在词尾加-s,但下列名词要加-es,它们是：黑人英雄爱吃土豆、西红柿，即Negroes, heroes, potatoes, tomatoes.（2）以-f或-fe结尾的名词变复数时，一般直接加-s，但下列词却需要将-f或-fe变为-ves，它们是：为了自己活命，小偷和他的妻子手里拿着刀子和树叶站在架子上把狼劈成两半。即：.（3）合成名词构成复数时，通常只将里面所含的主体名词变为复数，如果没有主体名词，则将最后一个部分变为复数。Eg; sons-in-law女婿，passers-by过路人，story-tellers讲故事的人，breakfasts早餐，housewives.2.下列名词通常用作不可数名词fun advice weather progress information bread butter baggage clothing equipment furniture homework juice luggage luck music milk meat production permission practice rubber rice soup wealth word(=news) 3有些名词的复数形式可以表示特别的意义papers 报纸,文件，试卷，论文；goods 货物，商品；ashes 骨灰，遗骸；glasses 眼镜 ；sands沙滩；woods树林；greens青菜；times时代；drinks饮料；arms武器；looks外表；manners礼貌；damages赔偿金；lines台词；works工厂，著作，公事；brains头脑；customs海关，海税；ironsl镣铐；regards问候；pains努力；conditions条件；airs傲气；contents目录；spirits酒精；waters水城；expectations前程4.有些名词单复数同形Chinese中国人；Japanese日本人；sheep绵羊；deer鹿；series系列；means方式；works工厂；fish鱼；fruit水果；crossroads十字路口；horsepower马力；jin斤等；其中（ ）表示种类时，可加复数词尾。例1：It is_ great fun to go to camping in such_ good weather.A a, a B /, a C /, / D a, / 例2：Some _ doctors are handing out health care booklets to the _-A woman, passers-by B women, passers-by C woman, passer-bys考点二：名词的格1. s所有格（1）s所有格多表示有生命的东西。但表示时间、距离、度量、捡钱、自然现象、国家、城市等的名词也用s所有格。Eg: 今天的报纸： 月光（2）.由and连接的两个或多个名词表示各自所有时，要把各个名词都变为所有格形式，如果表示共同所有，只需要把最后一个名词变为所有格形式。Eg: 汤姆、迈克、露西各自的书 汤姆、迈克、露西三人共有的书2.of 所有格无生命的名词通常用“of+名词”结构来表示所有关系；表示与说话人的活动有关的无生命的名词可用Of所有格，也可用s所有格。山顶玛丽的英语作业3.双重所有格“名词+of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词”构成双重所有格我的父亲的一位朋友我的一些朋友注意of短语所修饰的名词前可加指示代词this,that,these,those等，表达赞赏或厌恶等感情色彩。That dog of Mikes is always making troubles.例1：whose room is this?-Its_-room.A Toms and John B Tom and Johns C Tom and John D Toms and John例2：Is this a book of your_?-No, it is somebody_?A father, else B fathers, else C father, elses D fathers, elses 考点三：名词作定语1. 名词作定语与所有格的区别一般说来，名词作定语说明其修饰的名词的材料、用途、时间、地点、内容、类别等；而名词所有格说明对所修饰词的所属关系。A store bridge 石桥（材料） a meeting room 会议室（用途）eveving suit 晚礼服（时间） city streets 城市街道（地点）a story book 故事书（内容） children education 儿童教育（类别）2.作定语的名词的数名词作定语时，一般用单数形式（即使在意义上是复数）。但man/woman作定语修饰名词时，随被修饰的单复数变化而变化。heart attack 心脏病 tooth brushes 牙刷 women teachers 女教师注意有些本身是复数形式的名词做定语时形式不变a sports car 赛车 _ 海关官员 clothes shop 服装店例1：He broke his _cup at the _ gate.A coffees school B coffee schools C coffee school D coffees schools例2：I saw some_ students talking with their _teachers on_Day.A girl women Womens B girls women WomenC girl woman Womans D girls woman Womens考点四：抽象名词具体化1、 具有某种特性、状态、特点、情感、情绪的人或事，表示变化了的词义时，这一抽象名词可作为可数名词success(成功)-a success(一个成功者，一件成功的事)常考词还有：danger failure surprise pleasure knowledge difficulty 等例1：Though we are now out of_, the broken bridge is still _great danger to car drivers. A a a B / / C a / D / a例2：Its _good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them _pleasure. A / a B a / C the a D a the例3：Shanghai is _most beautiful city and we are excited that Expo 2010 Shanghai China has been_ great success.A a a B the a C a the D the the 2有些物质名词可个体化为可数名词物质名词drink饮料coffee咖啡Sugar糖Paper纸hair头发可数名词Two drinks两杯饮料a coffee一杯咖啡a suga一块糖ra paper一张报纸，一篇评论a hair一根头发考点五：名词辨析考察近义词、同义词、近形词在特定语境中的应用例1：You are always full of _.Can you tell me the secret?-Taking plenty of exercise every day.A power B strength C force D energy例2：I cantt say which wine is best-its a(an)_of personal taste.A affair B event C matter D variety例3：Always remember to put such dangerous things as knives out of childrens_.A touch B sight C reach D distance 例4：The lack of eco-friendly habits among the public is thought to be a major_of global change. A result B cause C warning D reflection例5：Dont you think it is unfair for about two thirds of the population to have no _to health care? A access B basis C entrance D guarantee例6：In your_,I would say that “readi