被动语态详解.doc

被动语态一1引入举例：他捡到一百元钱 （被字句） 一百元被（他）捡到他常常唱这首歌 （被字句） 这首歌常常（被）他唱 英语：主动句 被动句翻译：He found a 100-dollar bill 英语如何表达： He often sings this song 英语如何表达：3理解语态是动词的一种形式，它表示主语和谓语的关系。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者，或者是说动作是由主语完成的，要用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，或者是说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成的，则用被动语态。表达格式 动作承受者 be done by 动作执行者二、主动语态变为被动语态 1、主动语态变为被动语态的步骤： （1）将主动句的宾语变为主语：He found a 100-dollar bill A 100-dollar was found by him He often sings this song This song was often sung by him 注意：如果主动句的宾语是代词，需将其由宾格变为主格。如： Tom killed him. He was killed by Tom. （2）将动词改为 be+过去分词。 注意： They held a meeting yesterday. A meeting was held by them yesterday. 他们昨天开会了。 （3）将主动语态的主语改为be放在谓语动词后。 三、各种时态的被动语态举例（以动词do为例）,尤其注意句子的时态是通过动词be的变化体现的。TENSE主动语态被动语态一般现在时be+V.V.samisare+V(p.p)一般将来时willbe going to+V.will be +V(p.p) 现在进行时amisare+V.ingamisare+being+V(p.p)一般过去时waswereV.edwaswere+V(p.p)现在完成时havehas+V.p.phavehas+been+V(p.p)过去完成时had+V.p.phad+been+V(p.p)过去进行时waswere+V.ingwaswere+being+V(p.p)情态动词情态动词+V.情态动词+be+V(p.p)1一般现在时（am/ is/ are +done） English is spoken by lots of people in the world. 世界上的许多人都说英语。 Class meeting is held every Thursday. 每周四都举行班会。 The classroom is cleaned by the students every day. 学生们每天都打扫教室。 2一般过去时(was/ were +done) The cup was broken by the boy. 杯子被那个男孩打碎了。 He was saved at last. 他最终获救了。 My bike was stolen. 我的自行车被偷了。 3一般将来时与过去将来时(will/ shall be +done; would/should be +done) A speech will be given this afternoon. 今天下午有一个演讲。 A new road will be built next year. 明年要修一条新马路。 I thought thousands of people would be helped. 我认为将有数千人得到帮助。 4现在进行时与过去进行时(am/ is/ are being +done; was/ were being +done) The machine was being repaired at this time yesterday. 昨天这时，机器正在被修理。 The problem is being discussed now. 问题正在被讨论。 A bus is being pushed by the passengers. 路人正在推一辆公共汽车。 5现在完成时(have/ has been + done) Two hundred trees have been planted by now. 到现在为止，已经种了二百棵树了。 The book has been read many times by me. 这本书已经被我读了许多遍了。 Several soldiers have already been killed in the conflict. 在冲突中已经有几名士兵被杀害。 6过去完成时(had been+done) They said they had been invited to the party. 他们说已经被邀请参加晚会了。 She found the house had been destroyed by the storm. 她发现房子已经被暴风雨摧毁。 He had been tortured by the illness for many years before he died. 他在去世前已经被疾病折磨很多年了。7. 含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词 Young trees must be watered often. Your mistakes should be corrected right now. The door may be locked inside. Your homework can be handed in tomorrow.三、 使用被动语态应注意的几个问题： 1. 不及物动词无被动语态。 What will happen in 100 years. The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago. 2. 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。 This pen writes well. This new book sells well. 3. 感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带to ，但变为被动语态时，须加上to 。 例：make somebody do somethingsomebody+ be +made to do something see somebody do somethingsomebody +be +seen to do something A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by. The boss made the little boy do heavy work.The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss. 4. 如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，直接宾语(物)作主语，那么动词后要用介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。 He gave me a book.A book was given to me by him. He showed me a ticket.A ticket was shown to me by him. My father bought me a new bike. A new bike was bought for me by my father. 5. 一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。 We cant laugh at him. He cant be laughed at by us. He listens to the radio every day. The radio is listened to by him every day. The nurse is taking care of the sick man. The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse4 有些动词后跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，但改为被动结构后要加上“to”。例如 We heard him sing in his room just now. -He was heard to sing in his room just now.被动语态练习1. The flowers were so lovely that they _ in no time. (2007 海南卷)A. sold B. had been sold C. were sold D. would sell 2. Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where _ yet. (2007 浙江卷)A. hasnt been decided B. havent decided C. isnt being decided D. arent decided 3. It is said that the early European playing-cards _ for entertainment and education.(2006 辽宁卷)A. were being designed B. were designedC. have been designed D. have designed 4. Although the causes of cancer _, we do not yet have any practical way to prevent it.(2006 山东卷)A. are being uncovered B. have been uncovering C. are uncovering D. have uncovered 5. Millions of pounds worth of damage _ by a storm which swept across the north of England last night. (2005 重庆卷)A. has been caused B. had been caused C. will be caused D. will have been caused 6. Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which _ the Pacific, and we met no storms. (2005 辽宁卷)A. was called B. is called C. had been called D. has been called 7. The moment the 28th Olympic Games _ open, the whole world cheered. (2006 福建卷)A. declared B. have been declaredC. have declared D. were declared 8. Why did you leave that position