Unit 1词汇讲解与习题.doc

Unit 1Graduate EducationText AHow to Be Successful in Graduate School&Background InformationPostgraduate education (or graduate education in North America) involves learning and studying for degrees or other qualifications for which a first or Bachelors degree generally is required, and is normally considered to be part of higher education. In North America, this level is generally referred to as graduate school.The organization and structure of postgraduate education varies in different countries, and also in different institutions within countries.2Major Language Points1. insight: n. (褒) 洞察力；深刻的了解 (into sth.)C Examples:a person of insight 有洞察力的人He had courage, insight and determination.他有勇气、有见识、有魄力。His speech gave us an insight into the problems of education.他的演讲使我们对教育问题有了深入的了解。2. immerse: v. 使自己沉浸（於某事物）；使自己深陷於或专心於 ( oneself in sth.)C Examples:be immersed in thought, ones business, a book 沉思埋首事务专心读书He immersed himself totally in his work.他埋首於工作。3. tackle: v. 应付，对付，处理（棘手的问题困难的工作等）C Examples:Its time to tackle my homework. 现在该对付我的家庭作业了。By the fall, the students were ready to have robots tackle a real-world problem.到第二学期，学生们已经准备用机器人解决实际应用问题了。4. finite: adj. 有限的；有限制的；有限度的C Examples:We must accept finite disappointment, but we must never lose infinite hope.我们必须接受有限的失望，但是一定不能失去无限的希望。5. coordinate: v. 使（各部分肢体等）协调，协同动作 ( sth. with sth.)C Examples:coordinate ones movements when swimming游泳时协调动作We must coordinate our efforts to help the flood victims.我们应该同心协力以援助遭水灾的灾民。6. guidance: n. 引导；领导；指导C Examples:be under sbs guidance 在某人的指导下parental guidance受父母指教We can already offer some guidance based on past experience.根据以往经验，我们可以归纳出一些指导原则。7. packet: n. (美式英语通常作 package) 包装商品的）小包，小盒，小袋C Examples:a packet of biscuits, cigarettes, tea, etc 一小包饼干 香烟 茶叶等They made no effort to hide their amusement whenever I produced a packet of sweets from my pocket.每当我从口袋里掏出一包糖果时，他们都毫不掩饰地表现出他们对此感到非常好笑。8. option: n. 选择权；选择自由；选择；可供选择的事物C Examples:I havent much option in the matter.在这件事情上我无可选择。I have little option but to go.我别无选择只好走。There werent many options open to him.他没有什么选择余地。9. isolation: n. 隔离；脱离；分离；孤立C Examples:This is a strong sign of Irans growing international isolation.这是伊朗在国际上逐渐变的孤立的一个明显标志。10. interaction: n. 相互作用；相互影响C Examples:Although nods are important, they are but a small part of human social interaction. 点点头虽然很重要，但它们仅仅是人类社交互动行为中的一小部分。11. presentation: n. 展示；表述C Examples:There is no job interview, no scary presentation, no terrifying after dinner speech, no bruising negative feedback that can do such lasting psychic damage. 任何求职面试、可怕的呈述汇报、恐怖的餐后演说和令人崩溃的负面反馈，都不会对人的心理造成如此持久的伤害。12. supplement: v. 增加或补充某事物 ( sth. with sth.)C Examples:I supplement my grant by working in the evenings. 我除享受助学金外还打夜工以增加收入。She supplements her diet with vitamin tablets.她服用维生素片剂以补充规定食谱中的营养。13. embrace: v. (fml) 欣然接受或采取（某意见等）C Examples:embrace an offer, opportunity 欣然接受提议把握机会。However, not all people embrace the new plan.然而也不是所有人都支持新计划。14. faculty: n.1)（大学的）系, 科, 院C Examples:the Faculty of Law, Science, etc 法律学院理学院2)（大学的某系科院的）全体教员: C Examples:a faculty meeting（大学的某系科院的）全体教员会议3) (US) 大学等的全体教员C Examples:The whole faculty finally passes a decision to cancel the model test. 全体教员最终通过一项决议，取消模拟考试。15. clarify: v.（使某事物）清楚易懂；澄清C Examples:clarify a remark, statement 澄清一项意见 声明 I hope that what I say will clarify the situation.我希望我说的话能澄清这一情况。You should clarify the facts relative to this problem.你应当澄清与此问题有关的事实。16. surmount: v. 克服（困难等）；战胜C Examples:We had many problems to surmount before we could start the project. 我们得克服许多困难才能着手做这项工作。We are fully confident that we can surmount these difficulties.我们完全相信我们能够克服这些困难。17. fit in: 1) 安排（地方）；放进；为某物腾出空间C Examples:There was so much furniture in the room that it became impossible to fit any more in这个房间放了那么多家俱，不能再放进什么东西了。Somehow she managed to fit everything in the suitcase.她设法把全部东西都装入箱子。Can you manage to fit this small table in somewhere?你能设法找个地方放这张小桌子吗？2) 为某人腾出时间C Examples:Although Im very busy, Ill try to fit in a game of tennis at the weekend尽管我很忙，本周末我打算安排打一场网球。I hope the hairdresser can fit me in today.我希望理发师今天能给我安排个时间（理发）。There are still two patients to be fitted in this afternoon.今天下午还有两位病人需要安排治疗。Our director cant fit in any more visits this week.本周我们主任已再没时间接待来访者了。18. back up: 支持C Examples:I hope you will back me up in this argument.我希望在这场争论中你能支持我。Nobody backed her up when she protested against the decision.当她反对这项决定时，没人支持她。19. frown upon: 不喜欢；不赞成；谴责C Examples:The manager frowned on your proposal.经理不喜欢你的提议。Certain grammatical constructions and idioms that are accepted in America are frowned upon in British English.在美国得到公认的某些语法结构和习语在英国英语中未得到赞许。He frowns upon things like that.他对那样的事情是皱眉头的。Doesnt she frown upon that kind of behavior?她对那种行为不谴责吗？?Language Focus1. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases given below. Change the form where necessary.back upcoordinateembraceguidancefacultyfrown uponisolation packetsupplementsurmount1. We are fully confident that we can _ these difficulties.2. Many also experience frustration, anger, disappointment, sadness and _.3. They made no effort to hide their amusement whenever I produced a _ of sweets from my pocket.4. She _ her diet with vitamin tablets.5. Nobody _ her _ when she protested against the decision6. Certain grammatical constructions and idioms that are accepted in America are _ in British English.7. We can already offer some _ based on past experience.8. We must _ our efforts to help the flood victims.9. However, not all people _ the new plan.10. The whole _ finally passes a decision to cancel the model test.2.Complete the following sentences with phrases or expressions from the passage. Change the form where necessary.1. The first reason to _ these problems is to save childrens lives.2. He was a man of forceful character, with considerable _ and diplomatic skills.3. Their commitments do not permit them to _ themselves in current affairs as fully as they might wish.4. There are signs that distance learning, once merely one _ among many, is becoming some students first choice.5. Somehow she managed to _ everything _ the suitcase.3.There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence.1. The changing image of the family on television provides _ into changing attitudes toward the family in society.A) insightsB) presentationsC) revelationsD) specifications2. They were _ in their scientific research, not knowing what happened just outside their lab.A) submergedB) drownedC) immersedD) dipped3. That local government leaders are making every effort to _ the problem of poverty.A) abolishB) tackleC) removeD) encounter4. Since our knowledge is _ none of us can exclude the possibility of being wrong.A) controlledB) restrainedC) finiteD) delicate5. The newcomers found it impossible to _ themselves to the climate sufficiently to make permanent homes in the new country.A) suitB) adaptC) regulateD) coordinate6. Being ignorant of the law is not accepted as an _ for breaking the law.A) excuseB) intentionC) optionD) approval7. Researchers at the University of Illinois determined that the _ of a father can help improve a childs grades.A) involvementB) interactionC) associationD) communication8. Clark felt that his _ in one of the most dramatic medical experiments of all time was worth the suffering he underwent.A) apprehensionB) appreciationC) presentationD) participation9. Well _ you for any damage done to your house while we are in it.A) compensateB) remedyC) supplementD) retrieve10. High grades are supposed to _ academic ability, but Johns actual performance did not confirm this.A) clarifyB) classifyC) certifyD) notify4.Fill in the blanks in the following passage by selecting suitable words from the Word Bank. You may not use any of the words more than once.There are two types of people in the world. Although they have equal degrees of health and wealth, one becomes happy, while the other becomes 1_. This arises from the different ways in which they 2_ things, persons, and events.The people who are to be happy fix their attention on the 3_ of things, the pleasant parts of conversation, the well-prepared dishes, etc. They enjoy all the 4_ things. Those who are to be unhappy think and speak only of the 5_ things. Therefore, they are continually discontented. They 6_ many people, and make themselves 7_ everywhere by their remarks and behaviors. If this turn of mind were founded in nature, such unhappy persons would be the more to be pitied. The 8_ grows into a habit, unknown to its possessors. The habit may be strong, but it may be cured when those who have it are 9_ of its bad effects on their interests and tastes.Although in fact it is chiefly an act of the imagination, it has serious 10_ in life, since it brings on deep sorrow and bad luck. If they do not change their bad habit, it will be good for others to avoid any contact with them.A) consequencesB) convincedC) miserableD) offendE) continuallyF) awfulG) disagreeableH) transmissionI) cheerfulJ) conveniencesK) tendencyL) capableM) accordinglyN) contraryO) considerText BWhy Pursue a Masters Degree?&Background InformationA masters is an academic degree granted to individuals who have undergone study demonstrating a mastery or high-order overview of a specific field of study or area of professional practice. Within the area studied, graduates are posited to possess advanced knowledge of a specialized body of theoretical and applied topics; high order skills in analysis, critical evaluation or professional application; and the ability to solve complex problems and think rigorously and independently.There has recently been an increase in programs leading to these degrees in the United States; more than twice as many such degrees are now awarded as compared to the 1970s. In Europe, there has been a standardization of conditions to deliver the masters degrees and most countries present degrees in all disciplines.2Major Language Points1. aspire: v. 渴望成就某事物；对某事物有雄心或野心 ( after / to sth.)C Examples:aspire after knowledge 渴求知识 aspire to become an author 热望成为作家Aspiring musicians must practice many hours a day.有抱负的音乐家每天要练习很多小时。2. disdain: n. 鄙视；轻视；蔑视C Examples:a look / tone / expression of disdain 鄙夷的神态、语气、表情treating other peoples ideas with disdain藐视别人的意见3. ridicule: v. 嘲弄（某人、某事物）；嘲笑C Examples:The opposition ridiculed the governments proposals, saying they offered nothing new. 反对派揶揄政府的建议, 说成是老调重弹。4. indication: n. (of sth. / doing sth.); ( as to sth. / that .) 表示某种意思的言语姿势记号等C Examples:She gave no indication of having heard us. 看不出她听见我们的声音了。Can you give me some indication as to your intentions?你究竟是什麽用意, 能向我透露一点吗？There are indications that the situation may be improving.有迹象表明情况可能好转。5. aptitude: n. 天生的才能或技巧；天资；天赋 ( for sth. /doing sth.)C Examples:Does she show any aptitude for games? 能看得出她有体育方面的天赋吗？He has an unfortunate aptitude for saying the wrong thing.他有失言的倒霉本事。6. assess: n. 估计评定某事物的质量 ( sth. as sth.)C Examples:Its difficult to assess the impact of the Presidents speech. 总统讲话的巨大影响很难估计。Id assess your chances as extremely low.我估计你成功的机会极微。Meanwhile, I am arranging for Mr. Smith, one of our inspectors, to call and assess the damage.本人同时正安排我行检查员史密斯先生，拜访阁下并计算损失。She look at the house and assess its market value.她看了看房子并估算了其市场价值。7. credential: n. 关于某人可以相信、信任或具有权力的证件或证明书C Examples:The new ambassador presented her credentials to the president.新大使向总统递交了国书。I examined his credentials.我查验了他的证件。She has the perfect credentials for the job.她做这工作完全够格。8. demanding: adj.（指任务等）需要很大耐性技巧努力等的C Examples:a demanding job, schedule, etc 需要高度技巧的工作需努力才能实现的计划9. oriented: adj. orientated (用以构成复合形容词) 朝某方向的C Examples:a sports-orientated course以体育为宗旨的课程10. perspective: n. 观点；视角C Examples:Remember that perspective is subjective.记住，观点是带主观性的。They will view a lot of things from a new perspective.他们将从新的角度审视问题。11. formulate: v. 确切地表达（某思想）C Examples:He formulated his thought clearly. 他清楚确切地表达了自己的思想。The contract was formulated in difficult legal language.该合同是用深奥的法律术语订立的。12. focus: v. 将（注意力等）集中於（某事物）( sth. on sth.)C Examples:Please focus your minds on the following problem. 请集中考虑以下问题。13. discipline: n. 训练，锻练，磨练（尤指在智力和品德方面）C Examples:school discipline 学校的训练Strict discipline is imposed on army recruits.新兵受到严格的训练。The children are happy at the school, but they lack discipline. 孩子们在学校里很快活，但很散漫。The teacher cant keep discipline in her class.那位老师无法维持教室纪律。14. accomplishment: n. 成就；成绩C Examples:An attainment, such as a skill or social accomplishment. 成就，造诣成就、造诣，如技艺或社会成就The Apollo program was not so much a scientific achievement as a technical accomplishment.阿波罗计划与其说是一项科学成果，不如说是一项技术成就。Developing the supersonic jet was quite an accomplishment.开发超音速喷气机是一项了不起的成就。15. concentration: n. 集中（於某事物）（之力）( on sth.)C Examples:Stress and tiredness often result in a lack of concentration. 紧张和疲劳常使人精神不集中。a book that requires great concentration需全神贯注才能看懂的书I found it hard to keep my concentration with such a noise going on.吵闹声不绝於耳, 我很难保持精神集中。The tennis players need total concentration during pla