语法“省略”.doc

语法“省略”为了避免重复，或为了使句子更简练，在一些句子中常常省去某些成分，这在英语中叫做省略。 省略可出现在简单句，并列复合句和主从复合句子中，省略部分可以是主语、谓语、表语、状语、定语等。 1.主语省略(I) havent seen you for a long time 我很久没见你了。(It)doesnt matter 没关系。2.谓语或谓语中一部分的省略(包括助词语、情态动词)，这样的省略常见于疑问句结构中。(Does) anyone know about it? 有人知道这件事吗?(Is) anything the matter? 有什么问题吗?3.宾语的省略一Where is my book? 一我的书在哪?一I dont know(where it is)一我不知道。Who will win the game? It is hard to tell(it)谁会赢得胜利?很难说。4.主谓或主语和谓语中一部分同时省略。(Im)sorry对不起 (Are you)hungry?饿了吗?5.不定式to后动词的省略一Would you like to go to the park with us?一你愿意跟我们一起去公园吗?一Yes，Id love to(go with you) 一是的，我愿意。You should do it as the teacher tells you to (do it)你应该按老师告诉你们的去做。考题(1)一Are you a student?一No，but I used_Ato be Bto was Cto do Dto be a(2)一Is ProfKate very sick?一Im afraidAso Bthis Cto Dthat(3)一I cant open the top of this apple juice_itAMark has to do BDo have Mark to doCHave Mark do DMark do have解析 题(1)表示“我曾经是个学生”，那么被省略的究竟是哪个词呢?注意一般省略动词，而不可省略be动词，但后面的表语可省.题(2)中，afraid之后应用代替Kate is very sick这一句子的替代词，而so正好可以用来代替词、短语或句子。在题(2)用法中，类似动词有：hope，think，be afraid，call，speak，tell，believe，expect，suppose，imagine，fear，hear，etc。如：She must 1ook like a pretty girl一YesI imagineexpect/thinksuppose so题(3)第一个人说他开不了盖子，第二个人建议他找马克做，用的是祈使句，所以A、D两项被排除。B、D两项中的“do+动词原形”表示强调，译时可加“的确、务必”。答案 (1)A(2)A(3)C6并列复合句中某些相同成分的省略。 7在when，while，if，as if，though(或although)，as，until，once，whether，unless，where等连词连接的状语从句中，常省略跟主句相同的主语和be动词。 When(water is)pure，water is a colorless liquid 水纯净时，是无色的液体。 8当见到“when(或if，where，wherever，whenever，as soon as, as fast as，than等)+possiblenecessary等”时，可理解为中间省略了it is(或was)。 9有形式主语it的主语从句可省略that。 It seems/appears(that)Joe is out，not Jack.外出不在的似乎是乔，不是杰克。 10在限制性定语从句中可省略作宾语的关系代词whom，which，that。 11在direction(方向)，way(方式)，distance(距离)，time (时间)，times(倍数)等后面所接的定语从句中常省略that,which,in which。 The direction(in which) we move a body can be changed 我们移动物体的方向是可以改变的。The distance(which或that)light travels in one second is300，000 kilometers光每秒走的距离是30万公里。12命令句、感叹句、部分第一人称的陈述句、部分问句和答句中省略最为常见。13用so，not或其他手段来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句义，是高考的常考项目。一Can Emily do this work?埃米莉能做这件工作吗?一I think so我想她行。一I think not(或I dont think so)我想她不行。14用to表示前述动词(包括谓语或非谓语动词)及其短语。You may go on line if you like(to)(go online)你如果想上网就可以上网。15在某些动词后含有宾语补语或主语补语的复合结构中省略to be或being的情况。They found the answer(to be)correct他们发现答案正确。This conclusion proved(to be)correct这个结论原来是正确的。16新闻标题要求简练醒目，需根据上下文的语境推敲其省略部分。 Boy 14，rescued from cliff face从峭壁上救下14岁的男孩(A boy of 14 has been rescued from cliff)。American President to fly to London美国总统将飞往伦敦(American President is to fly toLondon)。17注意在一些固定短语中某些介词的省略。have trouble (in) sleeping难以入睡spend ones evenings (in) reading novels把晚上的时间花费在看小说上be busy (in) doing sth忙于做某事They are (of) the same age他们年龄相同。There is no use (in) explaining it to her any more这件事再向她解释是无用的。He is carrying out this experiment (in) the same way as I did yesterday他使用我昨天采用的方法在做他的实验。 最新5年高考名题诠解1(2004年湖北高考题)_straight on and youll see a churchYou wont miss itAGo BGoing C. If you go DWhen going解析 此题考查句子结构，由连词and可知，应该是两个并列句。C项中if是个连词，在此处多余了。 答案 A2(2004年湖北高考题)一will $200_?Im afraid notwe need at least 50 more dollars Acount Bsatisfy cfit Ddo 解析 该题考查动词辨析。count数数；起重要作用。satisfy指满足某人的欲望。fit指大小尺寸适合。此处do表示“行；合适；可以对付”是个不及物动词。 答案 D 3(2004年江苏高考题)一You havent lost the ticket，have you?_I know its not easy to get another one at the momentAI hope not BYesI haveCI hope so DYesIm afraid so解析 为了避免重复，用not代替I havent lost the ticketI hope not表示“我希望没有丢失”。答案 A 4(2004年辽宁高考题)一_I didnt hear you clearlyIts too noisy here一I was saying that the party was greatARepeat BOnce again CSorry? DSo what?解析 因为过于嘈杂，对方没有听清楚所说的话，要求再说一遍。repeat是及物动词，正确的说法是Repeat that。 Once again指再说一遍。so what?指“那又怎么样”，不符语境“I beg your pardon?” 答案 C5(2004辽宁高考题)一Guess what! I came across an old friend at the party last night-_Im sure you had a wonderful timeASounds good! BVery well!CHow nice! DA11 right解析 Sounds good!前省略了it；well只可用来修饰副词或表示“健康的”才用作形容词。How nice (it is)! 指代上面那件事很好。答案 C6(2004年上海高考题)一English has a large vocabulary，hasnt it? Yes_more words and expressions and you will find it easier to read and communicate.AKnow BKnowing CTo know DKnown 解析 句子中第二个“and”连接两个并列句，前面既为一个句子就得用谓语动词，只有选项A满足前一个并列句相当于if引导的一个条件句。此句相当于： English has a large vocabulary，hasnt it? YesIf you know more words and expressions，you will find it easier to read and communicate 答案 A 7(2004年全国卷I)一Susan，will you please go and empty that drawer? 一_?AWhat for BWhat is it cHow is it DHow come解析 本题考省略及语境。语意为：一Susan，去把那个抽屉倒空好吗?一干嘛?为什么?答者不知为何要倒空抽屉，所以问为什么。故需选What for?它是What are you going to use the (empty) drawer for?的省略，近于why的用法。其余选项不合语境。答案 A8(2004年福建高考题)一Which of the three ways shall I taketo the village?一_way as you pleaseAEach BEvery CAny DEither解析 any指“任何一个(方法)”。全句是You can take any of the three ways to the village的省略.答案C9(2004年重庆高考题)一Lets go and have a good drink tonight一_Have you got the first prize in the competition?AWhat for? BThanks a 1otCYes，Id like to DWhy not?解析 考语境及交际用语。前句建议：今晚咱们出去好好喝一顿吧。喝一顿应有个来由和原因，且多是为了庆祝某事，所以后句问：为何事(庆祝)?你是不是在竞赛中得了一等奖?这样才能表示后者惊讶、疑问和兴奋。What for?为何而做某事?其余均不合语境。答案 A10(2004年北京春季高考题)There at the door stood a girl about the same height_Aas me Bas mine Cwith mine Dwith me解析 the same常与as构成习语，表示“与一样”;所比较的是某人的身高，要用名词性物主代词，以表示比较的对象是同一类物体。答案 B11(2004年北京春季高考题)On_news today，there were_reports of heavy snow in that areaAthe；the Bthe；不填 c.不填；不填 D不填；the解析 news是指特指今天的新闻不是娱乐等东西；reports泛指关于下雪的报道。答案 B12(2004年台湾大学入学考试题)My grandmother likes to surprise peopleShe never calls_to inform us of her visitsAbeforehand Banyhow Coriginally Dconsequently解析 本题考查构词法：A、B两项是合成词，c、D两项是以一ly结尾的副词。四个词的含义各不相同，从句意可以推出：A：事先；B：无论如何；C：最初地；D：结果，因此。答案A13(2004年台湾大学入学考试题)The week-1ong rainfall has_1andslides and flood in the mountain areasAset about Bbrought about Ccome about Dput about解析set about表示“着手做某事”，bring about表示“引起”come about表示“发生”，put about作“发布；谣传”讲。答案 B14(2003年全国高考题)The sign reads “In case of_ fire，break the glass and push_red button”A不填；a B不填；the Cthe：the Da；a解析fire是物质名词，表示“火灾”时，前不用冠词；后一空表示的是(消防栓中特指的)那个红色按钮，所以要用定冠词。答案B15(2003年全国高考题)一Susan，go and join your sister cleaning the yard一Why_?John is sitting there doing nothingAhim Bhe CI Dme解析在自由对话中，常用人称代词的宾格代替主格。答案 D16(2003年北京春季高考题)-The boys are not doing a good job at all，are they?-_AI guess not so BI dont guess CI dont guess so DI guess not解析为了避免重复，用not代替are not doing a good job at all。I guess not表示：我认为他们没做好工作。答案 D17(2000年北京、内蒙古、安徽春季高考题)One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow，and_Athe other is white Banother whiteCthe other white Danother is white解析一个木块只有两面，所以“另外一面”用the other (side)。根据“承前省”原则，被省略的部分是should be而不是is。答案 C18(2002年北京春季高考题)一He was nearly drowned once When was_? _was in 1998 when he was in middle school Athat；It Bthis;This Cthis;It Dthat；This解析that用于指代前面提到的事。第三句是强调句型的前半部分，被强调的部分是in 1998 whenschool，被省略的部分是that he was nearly drowned。答案 A19(2000年上海春季高考题)一You should have thanked her before you left一I meant_，but when 1 was leaving，I couldnt find heranywhereAto do Bto Cdoing Ddoing so解析mean doing sth表示“意味着做某事”，不合题意被排除；在省略中，重复动词要省略，无需再由do替代。答案B20(1999年上海高考题)一Mum，why do you always make me eat an egg every day?一_enough protein and nutrition as you are growing upAGet BGetting CTo get DTo be getting解析不定式作目的状语，被省略的是一个完整的句子：I make you eat an egg every day。答案 C21(2001年北京、内蒙古、安徽春季招生题)一Why havent you bought any butter?一I_to but I forgot about itA1iked Bwished Cmeant Dexpected解析从下句中的“忘记了”，可知空白处表示“本打算(去买)”，因而“喜欢、愿望及期望(去买)”都不合题意。答案 C22(全国高考题)The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street，but his mother told him_Anot to Bnot to do Cnot do it Ddo not to解析此题考查不定式作宾补的用法，但可把后一分句看作祈使句转换为间接引语，假如用直接引语可写成“but his mother said to himDont ride your bicycle in the street.”现改成间接引语为“but his mother told him not to ride his bicycle in the street”由于前一句有to ride不定式短语，为避免重复，只保留不定式符号to。答案A能力题型设计 l.-Director, Jack is ill, so he cant be here.-Then well have no choice but to give the performance_ him.A. except for B. apart from C. except D. without2. -Im not sure which way is correct. Maybe were lost.-Oh, no! _!A. What luck B.How lucky C.What a pity D.How sorry3. -Did you meet with the famous space hero, Yang Liwei?_I had come here earlier!A.If only B.If not C. But for D.For fear4. -Excuse me. Did you notice whether the NO. 108 bus had gone by?-Not_I ve been standing here.A.as B.when C.since D.while5. -_either you or he going to visit the exhibition?-He is. I cant_working until 6 oclock.A.Is; knock off B.Are; knock off C.Are; knock away D.Is; knock away6. -_at the door before entering please.-OK.A. Knocked B. To knock C. Knocking D. Knock7.No matter how frequently_, the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.A. performing B. performed C. to be performed D. perform8. -Leaving for Shanghai?。A. Soon B. Lately C. The other day D. Sooner9When Mr. Jones gets old, he will his business to his son.A. hand in B. hand out C. hand over D. hand back10She hasa lot since her beloved husband was killed.A. passed through B. gone through C. looked through D. seen through11He took care of the boy he were his own son.A. because of B . as though C. even for D. even though12It was reported that the ship and all _ had sunk.A. at hand B. on endC. on all sides D. on board13.Jerry was playing football and Tom was _ playing volleyball.A. however B. meanwhile C. likely D. often14. _Id eaten I came to school to prepare for the examination.A. At the time B. Right now C. Immediately D. Soon15.Many people died in the accident and some of the rest _.A. lost sights B. lost their sightC. lost their sights D. were lost sight16.Do me a favor to lend me $ 5. I dont have enough_.A. at hand B. by hand C. at my hand D. in hand17. -Whos that man? I havent seen him before.-Oh, hes been _here for years.A. knocking about B.turning up C. coming out D. taking in18.He urged the fact that he _young.A. is B. was C. be D. were*答案1.D 句中包含“动词+without”词组。句意为“我们不得不在没有他的情况下演出”。A、B、C均有“除了之外”的含义。2.A What a pity用来表示同情、可惜、怜悯之情，但此处说我们迷路了，用这项不合题意。What luck! 是What bad luck we have!的省略。3.A 第一句描述的是过去的情况，下一句中用于过去完成时，所以它表示