雅思A-图表作文.ppt

ThetwographsshowthemainsourcesofenergyintheUSAinthe1980sandthe1990s Writeareportforauniversitylecturerdescribingthechangeswhichoccurred modelanswer ThetwographsshowthatoilwasthemajorenergysourceintheUSAinboth1980and1990andthatcoal naturalgasandhydroelectricpowerremainedinmuchthesameproportions Ontheotherhand therewasadramaticriseinnuclearpower whichdoubleditspercentageoverthetenyears Oilsuppliedthelargestpercentageofenergy althoughthepercentagedecreasedfrom42 in1980to33 in1990 Coalin1990wasthesecondlargestsourceofenergy increasingitsproportionto27 from22 inthepreviousdecade Naturalgas thesecondlargestsourcein1980at26 decreaseditsshareveryslightlytoprovide25 ofAmerica senergytenyearslater Therewasnochangeinthepercentagesuppliedbyhydroelectricpowerwhichremainedat5 ofthetotalenergyused Nuclearpowerthegreatestchange in1990itwas10 twicethatofthe1980s Thegraphbelowshowsthedifferencesinwheatexportsoverthreedifferentareas Writeareportforauniversitylecturerdescribingtheinformationshownbelow modelanswer Thethreegraphsofwheatexportseachshowaquitedifferentpatternbetween1985and1990 ExportsfromAustraliadeclinedoverthefive yearperiod whiletheCanadianmarketfluctuatedconsiderably andtheEuropeanCommunityshowedanincrease In1985 Australiaexportedabout15millionsoftonnesofwheatandthefollowingyearthenumberincreasedbyonemilliontonnesto16million Afterthat however therewasagradualdeclineuntil1989and1990whenitstabilisedatabout11milliontonnes Overthesameperiod theamountofCanadianexportsvariedgreatly Itstartedat19milliontonnesin1985 reachedapeakin1988of24million droppeddramaticallyin1989to14milliontonnesandthenclimbedbackto19millionin1990 SeventeenmilliontonneswereexportedfromtheEuropeanCommunityin1985 butthisdecreasedto14milliontonnesin1986andthenroseto15millionin1987and1988beforeincreasingoncemoreto20millionin1990 Theflowchartillustratestheproductionofcolouredplasticpaperclipsinasmallfactory Writeareportforauniversitytutordescribingtheproductionprocess Therearefourmainstagesintheproductionofplasticpaperclipsfromthissmallfactory Twoofthesestagesinvolveactualpreparationoftheclips whiletheothertwoconsistofqualitycontrolbeforetheclipsaresentoutfromthefactorytotheretailerstobesoldtothepublic Tobeginwith moltenplasticispouredintothreedifferentmouldsdependingonthecolourrequired thecoloursarered blueandyellow Oncetheseclipsemergefromthemouldsaqualitycontrolmachinechecksthemforstrength Unsatisfactoryclipsarerejected Inthethirdstageintheprocesstheclipsarestoredbyhandintotwogroups mixedandsinglecolours Whenthisstageiscompletethegroupsarecheckedasecondtimetoensurethatthecolourmixturesaredividedcorrectlyintosinglecoloursandmixedcolourbatches Finally theclipsarepackedanddispatchedtothemarkets ThetablebelowgiveinformationaboutFavoritePastimesindifferentcountries Summarisetheinformationbyselectingandreportingthemainfeatures andmakecomparisonswhererelevant Thistableclearlypresentsandcomparesfavorablepastimesineightdifferentcountries Thepastimes acrossthetopofthetable areanalyzedinrelationtoeachcountry Ascanbeseen about60 ofCanadians AustraliansandAmericanslikewatchingtelevision Ontheotherhand thisfigureisquitelowforChinawhereonly15 ofpeoplewatchtelevision Predictably Americanslikemusicat23 whereasonly2to5 ofpeopleintheothercountriesfeelthesameway 20 ofpeopleinEnglandenjoysleepingasapastimewhereasinCanadaandtheUSA forexample thefigureisonly2 Interestingly theChineselikehobbiesthemostat50 asopposedtoonly20 inFrance Itisn tsurprisingthatthehighestpercentageofbeach loversisinAustraliaandtheUSAat30 Itseemsthatpastimesofpeopleofdifferentnationalitiesmaybeinfluencedbyanumberoffactorssuchasthesocio economicsituationortheclimate Thesefactorsinfluenceculturaldifferencesbetweendifferentnationalitiesandmakecross culturalexperiencesmoreinteresting Writeareportforauniversitylecturerdescribingtheinformationshownbelow Inthisanalysiswewillexaminethreepiecharts Thefirstoneisheaded WorldSpending Thesecondis WorldPopulation andthethirdis ConsumptionofResources Inthefirstchartwecanseethatpeoplespendmostoftheirincome 24 onfood Insomecountriesthispercentagewouldobviouslybemuchhigher Transportandthenhousingarethenextmajorexpensesat18 and12 respectively Only6 ofincomeisspentonclothing Inthesecondchartentitled WorldPopulation itisnotsurprisingtofindthat57 ofpeopleliveinAsia InfactChinaandIndiaaretwoofthemostpopulatedcountriesintheworldandtheyarebothsituatedonthiscontinent EuropeandtheAmericansaccountfornearly30 ofthetotal whilst10 ofpeopleliveinAfrica Finally thethirdchartrevealsthattheUSAandEuropeconsumeahuge60 oftheworld sresource Thegraphandtablebelowgiveinformationaboutwateruseworldwideandwaterconsumptionintwodifferentcountries Summarisetheinformationbyselectingandreportingthemainfeatures andmakecomparisonswhererelevant Thegraphshowshowtheamountofwaterusedworldwidechangedbetween1900and2000 Throughoutthecentury thelargestquantityofwaterwasusedforagriculturalPurposes andthisincreaseddramaticallyfromabout500km toaround3 000km intheyear2000 Waterusedintheindustrialanddomesticsectorsalsoincreased butconsumptionwasminimaluntilmid century From1950onwards industrialusegrewsteadilytojustover1 000km whiledomesticuserosemoreslowlytoonly300km bothfarbelowthelevelsofconsumptionbyagriculture ThetableillustratesthedifferencesinagricultureconsumptioninsomeareasoftheworldbycontrastingtheamountofirrigatedlandinBrazil 26 500km withthatintheD R C 100km ThismeansthatahugeamountofwaterisusedinagricultureinBrazil andthisisreflectedinthefiguresforwaterconsumptionperperson 359m comparedwithonly8m intheCongo Withapopulationof176million thefiguresforBrazilindicatehowhighagriculturewaterconsumptioncanbeinsomecountries ThegraphbelowgivesinformationaboutthepreferredleisureactivitiesofAustralianchildren Writeareportforauniversitylecturerdescribingtheinformationshown ThegraphshowsthepreferredleisuresctivitiesofAustralianchildrenaged5 14 Asmightbeexpected itisclearfromthedatathatsedentarypursuitsarefarmorepopularnowadaysthanactiveones Ofthe10 000childrenthatwereinterviewed alltheboysandgirlsstatedthattheyenjoyedwatchingTVorvideosintheirsparetime Inaddition thesecondmostpopularactivity attracting80 ofboysand60 ofgirls wasplayingelectronicorcomputergames Whilegirlsratedactivitiessuchasartandcrafthighly justunder60 statedthattheyenjoyedtheseintheirsparetime only35 ofboysoptedforcreativepastimes Bikeriding ontheotherhand wasalmostaspopularaselectronicgamesamongstboysand perhapssurprisingly almost60 ofgirlssaidthattheyenjoyedthistoo Skateboardingwasrelativelylesspopularamongstbothboysandgirls althoughitstillattracted35 ofboysand25 ofgirls ThetablebelowprovideinformationonrentalchargesandsalariesinthreeareasofLondon Writeareportforauniversitylecturerdescribingtheinformationshownbelow Thetableshowstwosetsofrelatedinformation therelativecost inpounds ofrentingapropertywithone twoorthreebedroomsinthreedifferentsuburbsofLondonandanindicationofthekindofannualsalaryyouwouldneedtobeearningtorentintheseareas Ofthethreeareasmentioned NottingHillisthemostexpensivewithweeklyrentsstartingat 375 salaryapproximatelyf100 000 andrisingto 738perweekfora3 bedroomproperty Toaffordthis youwouldrequireasalaryintheregionof 200 000perannum Alternatively Fulhamisthecheapestareashownwithrentsrangingfrom 215perweekforaonebedroompropertyto 600perweekfora3 bedroomproperty Torentinthisarea salariesneedtobesomewherebetween 85 000and 170 000dependingonthenumberofbedroomsrequired Forthoseabletopayinthemiddlepricerangeforaccommodation Regent sParkmightbeamoresuitabledistrict Thebarchartbelowshowstheresultsofasurveyconductedbyapersonneldepartmentatamajorcompany Thesurveywascarriedoutontwogroupsofworkers thoseagedfrom18 30andthoseaged45 60 andshowsfactorsaffectingtheirworkperformance Writeareportforauniversitylecturerdescribingtheinformationshownbelow Thebarchartindicatesasurveyontwodifferentagegroupsonthefactorscontributingtomaketheirenvironmentpleasantforworking Thesefactorsaredividedintoexternalandinternalfactors Theinternalfactorsareteamspirit competentboss respectfromcolleaguesandjobsatisfaction Theexternalfactorsarechanceforpersonaldevelopment jobsecurity promotionalprospectsandmoney Ontheinternalfactorsabove50 inbothagegroupsagreedthatteamspirit competentbossandjobsatisfactionareessentialtomaketheirenvironmentpleasant Whereasontheexternalfactors therearecontrastingresults Onthechanceforpersonaldevelopmentandpromotionalaspects 80 to90 oftheyoungergroupswereinfavorwhileonlylessthan50 oftheoldergroupthoughtso Asimilarpatternisalsonotedonjobsecurity Withregardstomoney 69 to70 onbothagegroupsaiditisessential Inconclusion theinternalfactorshavesimilarresponsesfromthetwoagegroupswhiletheyhaddissimilarresponsesontheexternalfactors Thegraphbelowcomparesthenumberofvisitstotwonewmusicsitesontheweb Writeareportforauniversitylecturerdescribingtheinformationshownbelow ThegraphshowspeopleusingnewmusicplacesontheInternetinfifteendaysperiodoftimenamelypersonalchoiceandtrendypopmusic TheoveralltrendshowsfluctuationwithslightIncreasedtowardstheendoftheperiod StartingwithMusicChoicewebsites 40 000peoplewentonthisnewsiteonfirst day Halfofthembackedoutthenextday InContrasttothisPopParadenetsiteswerevisitedby120 000musicloversondayonewhichdecreasedslightlyonthenextdaythereafterregainingthesamefameon3rdday After3rddaytheenthusiasmforbothmusiclinesonInternetdroppedslowly reachingmaximumfallof40 000on7thday WhereasMusicchoicegainedpopularity slightlyImprovingtogettheoriginalstrengthof30 000viewersonscreen butwasgettingstilllessvisitorsthantheiropponentPopgroupi e 40 000onday7 Inthebeginningofthenextweekbothgainedremarkablerecoveryafterafewfluctuationsfor8thand9thdayhaving40 000and50 000visitorsrespectively reachingtotheirpeaksofoneandahalfthousandnewviewersforPopParadeon11thdayshowingacontrastofveryfewpeoplevisitingMusicchoiceforthesameday ThereafterMusicchoicegainedpopularityon12thdayforhavingmorethan120 000newvisitorsonweb IntheendoftheperiodPopsiteswerevisitedbymaximumviewersof180 000whereassiteslocatedtoMusicchoicewerenotexploredbymorethan80 000explorersonthelastdayofthereport ThetablebelowshowstheproportionofdifferentcategoriesoffamilieslivinginpovertyinAustraliain1999 Summarisetheinformationbyselectingandreportingthemainfeatures andmakecomparisonswhererelevant ThetablegivesabreakdownofthedifferenttypeoffamilywhowerelivinginpovertyinAustraliain1999 Onaverage 11 ofallhouseholds comprisingalmosttwomillionpeople wereinthisposition However thoseconsistingofonlyoneparentorasingleadulthadalmostdoubtthisproportionofpoorpeople with21 and19 respectively Couplesgenerallytendedtobebetteroff withlowerpovertylevelsforcoupleswithoutchildren 7 thanthosewithchildren 12 Itisnoticeablethatforbothtypesofhouseholdwithchildren ahigherthanaverageproportionwerelivinginpovertyatthistime Olderpeopleweregenerallylesslikelytobepoor thoughonceagainthetrendfavouredeldelycouples only4 ratherthansingleeldelypeople 6 Overallthetablesuggeststhathouseholdsofsingleadultsandthosewithchildrenweremorelikelytobelivinginpovertythanthoseconsistingofcouples Thetakebelowgivesinformationabouttheundergroundrailwaysystemsinsixcities Summarisetheinformationbyselectingandreportingthemainfeatures andmakecomparisonswhererelevant Thetableshowsthedetailsregardingtheundergroundrailwaysystemsinsixcities Londonhastheoldestundergroundrailwaysystemsamongthesixcities Itwasopenedintheyear1863 anditisalreadylyeyearsold Parisisthesecondoldest inwhichitwasopenedintheyear1900 ThiswasthenfollowedbytheopeningoftherailwaysystemsinTokyo WashingtonDCandKyoto LosAngeleshasthenewestundergroundrailwaysystem andwasonlyopenedintheyear2001 Intermsofthesizeoftherailwaysystems London Forcertain hasthelargestundergroundrailwaysystems Ithas394kilometresofrouteintotal whichisnearlytwiceaslargeasthesysteminParis Kyoto incontrast hasthesmallestsystem Itonlyhas11kilometresofroute whichismorethan30timeslessthanthatofLondon Interestingly Tokyo whichonlyhas155kilometresofroute servesthegreatestnumberofpassengersperyear at1927millionspassengers ThesysteminParishasthesecondgreatestnumberofpassengers at1191millionspassengersperyear Thesmallestundergroundrailwaysystem Kyoto servesthesmallestnumberofpassengersperyearaspredicted Inconclusion theundergroundrailwaysystemsindifferentcitiesvaryalotinthesiteofthesystem thenumberofpassengersservedperyearandintheageofthesystem Thechartsbelowshowthepercentageoftheirfoodbudgettheaveragefamilyspentonrestaurantmealsindifferentyears Thegraphshowsthenumberofmealseateninfastfoodrestaurantsandsit downrestaurants Overthepast30years theaveragefamilyhasdramaticallyincreasedthenumberofmealsthattheyeatatrestaurants Thepercentageofthefamily sfoodbudgetspentonrestaurantmealssteadilyclimbed Just10percentofthefoodbudgetwasspentonrestaurantmealsin1970 and15percentin1980 Thatpercentagemorethandoubledin1990 to35percent androseagainin2000to50percent Wherefamilieseattheirrestaurantmealsalsochangedduringthat30 yearperiod In1970 familiesatethesamenumberofmealsatfastfoodandsit downrestaurants In1980 fam iliesateslightlymorefrequentlyatsit downrestaurants However since1990 fastfoodrestaurantsservemoremealstothefamiliesthandothesit downrestaurants Mostoftherestaurantmealsfrom2000wereeatenatfastfoodrestaurants Ifthispatterncontinues eventuallythenumberofmealsthatfamilieseatatfastfoodrestaurantscoulddoublethenumberofmealstheyeatatsit downrestaurants 164words ThetablebelowshowsCO2emissionsfordifferentformsoftransportintheEuropeanUnion ThePieChartshowsthepercentageofEuropeanUnionfundsbeingspentondifferentformsoftransport ThechartshowsCO2emissionsperpassengerkilometreforvariuosmethodsoftransportintheEuropeanUnionwhilethepiechartshowsEuropeanUnionspendingontransport FlyingbyairproducesbyfarthegreatestCO2emissions approximatelythreetimesasmuchaspassengercarswhicharethenextlargestproducers VerylittleisspentbytheEUonairtravelwhileroadsmakeupmorethanhalfoftheEUtransportbudget TrainsproduceaboutthreetimeslessCO2emissionsperpassengerkilometrethanpassengercarsandeighttimeslessthanairtravel NearlyathirdofEUtransportfundsarespentonrailways ShipsareacleanformoftransportandproduceaboutthesameamountofCO2perpassengerkilometreastrainsdo However only2percentofEUfundsarespentonports Afurtheronepercentisspentoninlandwaterways Coachesarethecleanestformoftransport EmissionsofCO2perpassengerkilometrefromcoachesarehalfthoseofbuses BusesemitlessthanhalfasmuchCO2perpassengerkilometreascars TheEuropeanUnionspends10percentofitstransportbudgetonpublictransport suchasbusesandcoaches Thetablebelowshowsthesalesatasmallrestaurantinadowntownbusinessdistrict Summarizetheinformationbyselectingandreportingthemainfeatures andmakecomparisonswhererelevant ThesalesatthissmallrestaurantduringtheweekofOctober7to13thfollowedafairlysetpatternfromMondaytoFriday andthenshowednotableshiftontheweekend ThelunchanddinnersalesduringtheweekpeakedonFridayandthendipperdownastheweekendsetin DuringtheweekofOctober7 14th thelunchsalesaveragedatapproximately 2 400 ThehighestlunchsalesoccurredonFriday andthelowestoccurredonSunday Sunday slunchsaleswereapproximately 1 000lessthantheaveragelunchsalesduringtherestoftheweek Dinnersales whichgeneratedatleast 1 000to 1 500moreadaythanlunchsales alsoremainedsteadyduringtheweek Justlikethelunchsales thedinnersalespeakonFridayanddippeddownfortheweekend ExcludingWednesdayandThursday thelunchanddinnersalesfromOctober7 11rosegraduallyuntiltheendofthebusinessweek Midweek onWednesdayandThursday thesaleswereslightlylowerthantheywereonTuesday Accordingtothesalesreport thisrestauranthasasteadylunchanddinnercrowd ThemostprofitabledayduringthesecondweekofOctoberwasFriday Sunday wastheleastprofitableday withthefullday ssalestotalinglessthantheFridaydinnersales Thesenumbersarereflectiveofarestaurantthatislocatedinabusiness financialdistrictwherebusinesshoursareMondaythroughFriday InJune1996 anexperimentalfluvaccinewastrialledinalargecountrytownonfemalesonly Summarisetheinformationbyselectingandreportingthemainfeatures andmakecomparisonswhererelevant Thediagramsshowdataforafluepidemicwhichhitalargecountrytownin1996 Figure1givesthenumberofpersonswhodied Figure2showsthepercentagebreakdownoffemaleswhoreceivedanewfluvaccine andFigure3givesthenumberofcasesofflubeforeandduringtheepidemic InFigure1itcanbeseenthatthefluwasresponsibleforthedeathsof2femalesbutnomalesintheperiodfromMarchtoMay However fromJunetoAugust therewere4femaledeathsand1maledeath AccordingtothepiechartinFigure2 onlythosefemalesmostatriskweregiventhenewfluvaccine 28 didnottakepartinthetrial Ofthosefemaleswhotookpart 35 wereaged over65yearsold 24 werebabiesorchildren and13 wereeitherhospitalisedorreceivingothermedicalattention FromFigure3itisclearthatthenewvaccinehadapositiveeffectonthenumberofnewcasesofflureportedinfemales Therewerejustover1000casesreportedinMarch climbingrapidlytoapeakof3500inJune Thereafter thenumberofcasesdroppedslowlytoabout2800inAugust beforelevellingoffat2500fortherestoftheyear Formales thefigureswerelowerbutshowedasimilartrendthroughouttheepidemic Thechartbelowshowsestimatedworldliteracyratesbyregionandbygenderfortheyear2000 Writeareportforauniversitylecturerdescribingtheinformationbelow InthisreportIwilldescribeabarchartthatshowstheestimatedworldilliteracyratesbygenderandregionfortheyear2000 FirstIwilllookatmaleilliteracyforthe6areasshown ThelowestrateswereinDevelopedCountries LatinAmerica CaribbeanandEastAsia Oceaniawithratesof1 approximately 10 and8 approximately respectively Theratesforthenextthreeareasweremuchhigherandquitesimilartoeachother Sub SaharanAfrica theArabStatesandSouthAsiahadratesofapproximately31 29 and34 FemaleilliteracywasmuchhigherrelativelyineachareaexceptLatinAmerica Caribbeanwhereitwasonlyslightlyhigher ThelowestratesforfemaleilliteracywereagainDevelopedCountries LatinAmerica CaribbeanandEastAsia Oceaniawithratesofapproximately2 12 and20 Againtheratesforthenextthreeareasweremuchhigherandquitesimilartoeachother Sub SaharanAfrica theArabStatesandSouthAsiahadratesofapproximately48 52 and56 Thechartshowsthenumberofmobilephonesandlandlinesper100peopleinselectedcountries Thechartshowsthenumberofmobilephones