复合句复习要点.doc

复合句复习要点1 复合句在高考中的地位：1） 高考语法选择题中每年考到两到三道题目。在从句考核点中，状语从句考到的次数最多，定语从句和名词性从句次之。2） 在翻译题中考到。高考的翻译题通常不是为了考从句而出从句题。但是句子一复杂就会涉及到从句。从句在高考翻译题中所占的比重仅次于短语，是翻译的一个重点。3） 在写作中用得到各种复合句。可以说考生的从句方面的知识若是掌握得不好，在做翻译题型和写作时是相当吃亏的。2 复习状语从句的要点和难点。1） 时间状语从句连接词有as soon as / after / before / （not）until / before / no soonerthan / hardlywhen / every time (each time) / once / as / while / when / whenever / the moment / by the time / the first time etc.时间状语从句中用一般现在时代替将来时.until的用法中注意区别下列四句：He stayed up until he completed his composition.He didnt go to bed until he completed his composition.It was not until he completed his composition that he went to bed.Not until he completed his composition did he go to bed.no soonerthan / hardlywhen 的用法中注意倒装句语序和先后时态Hardly had he entered the room when he was scolded by his mother for his being late.不用倒装时：He had hardly entered the room when 或He had no sooner than在every / each time, the moment, the first time, by the time等引导从句时不能受母语影响再在后面加上when 例如:当他第一次接受记者采访时,他感到不知所措。The first time he was interviewed by the journalists, he was at a loss.When he was interviewed by the journalists for the first time, he was at a loss.每当他去看望那些孤儿时,他总是带去很多礼物送给他们.Every time he goes to visit the orphans, he brings a lot of gifts and sends them to them.注意before 引导的两个句型:It wont be long before sb does sth. (注意主句和从句中的时态)(It wasnt long before sb did sth.)He was driven out of the restaurant before he could said anything.注意when和while 以及as的区别2) 让步状语从句特别关注whatever / however / whoever / wherever 以及although / though / even if / even though等引导的从句 注意“however”引导的从句结构：However + adj. / adv. + 主谓结构, + 主句.However diligently he worked， he couldnt get promoted.(however = no matter how)However difficult the task may be, I am determined to fulfill it.( however = no matterhow)注意点: whatever / whoever也可以引导名词性从句。在名词性从句中whatever 不等于no matter what， whoever不等于no matter who。The innocent girl believed whatever her brother told her.(whatever不等于 no matter what)Whatever her brother told her, the innocent girl believed him.( whatever= no matter what)3) 结果状语从句sothat (so +adj./ adv. + that clause, so + adj. + a / an + n + that clause)suchthat (such + a/ an + adj.+n.+ that clause, such + adj. + n(pl)or (u) + that -clause)so that注意和定语从句suchas 的区别:This is such an abstract book that almost nobody can understand it.(状语从句)This is such an abstract book as almost nobody can understand.(定语从句)4) 目的状语从句(so) that / in order that / in case / for fear that etc.从句中带有情态动词can, might 等提示为目的状语从句.Most college students go to college so that they can be engineers, teachers or chemists.5) 地点状语从句where / wherever 注意和定语从句的比较Put the book where it was. (状语从句 这里的where 不能改成 in which)Put the book in the place where it was. (定语从句 这里的where 能改成 in which)6) 原因状语从句because / since / as (并列连词 for)在回答why时,必须用because , 不可以用其它几个.Since 也可解释为now that 由于、既然，语气仅次于because （但要注意since也可以引导时间状语从句“自从”）As的语气比since弱，常强调主句而不是从句。For 的语气最弱，常在句中做补充说明，主句不受从句影响。（for 引导的句子部分不能放在句首）7) 条件状语从句if / unless / as (so) long as / on condition that注意点: 条件状语从句中的谓语动词用一般现在时代替将来时.状语从句和非谓语的相互转换3 复习定语从句的要点和难点关系代词的用法和关系副词的用法1）。定语从句中被修饰的词指的是东西,关系代词可用which或that，关系代词在从句做宾语，可以省略， 在数上先行词与从句中的谓语保持一致。2）。定语从句中被修饰的词既先行词指的是人，关系代词可用who， whom或that。关系代词在从句做宾语，可以省略， 在数上先行词与从句中的谓语保持一致。3）。关系代词如在从句中起定语作用，无论是人还是物，都用whose来连接主从句。Tom lives in a big house, whose windows all faces the south.在非限制性定语从句中, 也可以用 the windows of which 来引导从句.4）。先行词中既有人又有物，关系代词用that。These are the people and things that interest me.5）。先行词是all, everything, nothing, something, anything, 等不定代词，关系代词一般用that. 先行词是all, everybody, nobody, anybody those等不定代词，如关系代词在从句中当主语, 则优先选who连接主从句. Anyone who goes against the law will surely be punished.Those who go against the law will surely be punished.6）。先行词有序数词，最高级，或被all， some， any， the very， little， no， every， much 等修饰，关系代词一般用that来引导从句。This is the very book that I am looking for.7）。先行词有only 或the only来修饰，从句中的谓语在数上不同。 You are one of the family who have received education.You are the only one of the family who has received education.8）。先行词前有the same, such修饰,关系代词用固定词组搭配的词as来引导从句. 注意和结果状语从句的比较.You have such an interesting book as he has. (定语从句)You have such an interesting book that you are absorbed in it all day long. (状语从句)9）。先行词是地方,时间,原因等,则用关系副词where (in which), when (on which), why(for which)等来引导从句。 如果做先行词的时间，地点分别在从句中充当宾语，则用which， that （或省略）来连接句子，如果当主语也用which， that （但不能省略）来连接句子。This is the factory (which/that) produces TV set.This is the factory where his father used to work.Ill never forget the day when (on which) we once stayed together.Ill never forget the days which we spent together in Britain.10）。关系代词前缺少先行词，需要用the one来充当先行词。如：Is the museum the one (that) you visited? (先行词是the one)Is this the museum that you visited? (先行词是the museum)11）。先行词如是特殊疑问词，关系代词用that来引导从句。如：Who that you are talking to is the young fellow?4 名词性从句1） 从属连接词的用法比较：that / what的用法的区别： that引导原来陈述句构成的名词性从句，在从句中没有意思、不充当成分、在宾语从句中可以省略，在其它名词性从句中一般不省略。what 引导原来特殊疑问句构成的名词性从句，在从句中有意思、有成分，不可以省略。if / whether的用法的区别：if引导原来一般疑问句构成的名词性从句。在名词性从句中只引导宾语从句。（如果在宾语从句中有or not的话也要用whether）whether引导原来一般疑问句构成的名词性从句。可以用在所有的名词性从句中。在主语和表语从句中必须要用它。在动词不定式前用whether 如：whether to go or to stay whatever / no matter what， who / whoever / no matter who， whichever的用法的区别whatever， who， whoever， whichever 可以引导名词性从句但no matter what， no matter who等不可以引导名词性从句。who 表示定的人。（Who has won the first prize will be announced tonight.）whoever表示不定的人（无论谁）(The free tickets will be offered to whoever will come here first.)2） if / whether / wh-words 引导从句时的语序问题。必须是陈述语序。3） 宾语从句中的时态问题。4） 同位语从句和定语从句的区别。同位语从句中的连接词that，在从句中没有成分，只起连接作用。注意区别下列两句：Thats my suggestion that the boy should study hard.Thats the suggestion that was made by Tom last week.较难题示例：1. The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, _ the sailing time was 226 days.A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which 答案：A. 正答率30%，误选者极多。问题在于对非限定性定语从句的理解有误。2. I think Father would like to know _ I ve been up to so far, so I decide to send him a quick note. A. which B. what C. why D. how答案B，问题出在对be up to这个短语的认知上。 送分题示例：1.The 2004 Olympic Games were held in Greece _ the games were born. A. which B. that C. where D. / 答案C, 此题整答率80%。2. Roses need special care _ they can live through winter. A. so that B. even if C. because D. so答案A。应知应会题：1. I work in a business _ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance. A. how B. which C. where D. that答案C。2. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is _ I disagree. A. why B. where C. what D. how答案B。 问题是disagree 的词性。 3. I hope you dont mind me asking, _ where did you buy the shoes? A. so B. and C. yet D. but答案D 。语言习惯及语感。4. There were dirty marks on her trousers_ she had wiped her hands.A. where B. which C. when D. that答案A。理解句意和判定何种复合句。5. Paul had to write a history paper, _ he couldnt find time to do it. A. but B. so C. because D. if答案A。6. Several weeks had gone by _ I realized the painting was missing. A. as B. since C. before D. when 答案C。对before与when 的理解。此题错误率极高。7. Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, _ of course, made the othersenvy him.A. who B. that C. what D. which答案D。这种带插入语的情况尤其应引起注意。8. A modern city has been set up in _ was a wasteland ten years ago.A. what B. which C. that D. where答案A。正答率不足20%，问题出在从句类型的定位。须多见才能掌握。9. You can eat food free in my restaurant _ you like.A. whenever B. wherever C. whatever D. however 答案A。句意易与C混.(35%)10. _ modeling business is by no means easy to get into, the good model will always be in demand.A. While B. Since C. As D. If 答案A11. After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, _ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space. A. where B. what C. that D. how答案B 。相当多的同学，误以为这是定语从句。12. Jasmine was holidaying with her family in wildlife park _ she was bitten on t