四级培训讲稿第一部分.doc

四级培训讲稿（初稿）听力部分Part I 1 参加培训的心态基础十分重要（技巧虽然重要，但是并不能代表一切，没有市面上一些补习班说得那么神奇。没有经济基础哪来的上层建筑）老师能做的，是告诉你们四级考试的特点和一些规律，来帮助大家更快更准的答题不要听师兄师姐说的入你们耳的话（什么听力不用做之类的高人），课下一定要有动作（比方说听力下去一定要听）课前务必完成暑假作业；每晚回去重复听半小时（遵照课堂笔记，不带间断）2.综合概述有关四级：CET系列的考试创立于1987年，经过近20年的发展，如今已经被称为我国英语测试方面的“民族精品”（稍作讽刺）。然而实际情况如何，大家心知肚明（课堂郁闷的内容充斥，昂贵培训以及参考书）。而听力作为考试的第一部分，已经被公认为是一只“杀威棒”，只最让考生们郁闷的题型之一。因为常有平时已经试做手下败将的词组短语突然间又牛了起来，常常是一句话每个单词都明白，但是在一起就不明白了。（Hey, youre such a lucky dog! Take cheer! Every dog has its own day! You put me in the couch.）4题型介绍short conversation为十组男女对话，后有第一人提出一个问题。本身并不困难，但是说话者和提问的角度总是拐弯抹角，增加了难度。是听力考试的大头题，同学们的目标应该是正确率80%short passages属于听力考试的变化题，每篇文章有3-4个问题。是最让考生汗颜的一种题，主要难在内容范围广泛，信息量大。变化题的第二种叫做复合式听写分为spot dictation和sentence两部分我们第一部分的听力讲解将以小对话和短文（尤其是小对话）为主，复合式听写将在第二部分的培训中讲解试题类型分析1 小对话（short conversations）那究竟要如何才能做好小对话题呢？举例：问题：当看到以下四个选项时，你会想到什么？A) Because she has got an appointmentB) Because she doesnt want toC) Because she has to workD) Because she wants to eat in a new restaurantJ(白色化)回答：这题的问题时有关于原因的，而且还可以进一步推断出问题问的应该是为什么她不能去干什么？再看一题：（先念题目,不念问题）听完之后,大家留下印象最深是哪个词?J(此题全部白色化)W: How long have you known Susan?M: Ive known her about three years. I met her in the library where we used to read, but now I can only see her on the campus occasionally.Q: Where did Susan often go to read?L选项 A) In the library. B) In the college.C) On the campus. D) In the classroom. 从听力的角度来说， 这是一道较为特殊的题。我们发现女士提出的问题对于提问的第三个声音来说没有多少意义。换言之，“你认识Susan多久了？”是一个干扰句，于是许多考生就把注意力放在男声的答句中的“三年”上，而忽略了以下的内容。究其原因，主要是没能从选择项中发现这是一道地点题。由上面两个例子我们可以得出一个结论，要做好对话题，非常重要的一点就是要先看选项，然后一次判断出可能要提出的问题，这样在听的过程中就比较有针对性了。当然，说起来容易做起来难，想在考试中熟练的做到这一点并不容易，需要大家平时反复大量的练习。第三部分：各类题型精讲对话部分说了这么久的四级听力对话，那究竟是一个怎么样的世界呢？简单来说有这么几条规律。打工苦挣钱，有钱决不存，专买便宜货，没钱空抱怨。没事老生病，最怕人丢脸，说话爱拐弯, 身材不可变。找谁谁没空，电话错千遍。电影演讲常无聊，火车飞机难准点(同样适用于人)。 我们先来用暑假作业上的题目I来热热身。暑假作业第一、参见纸稿。从历年考题的情况来看，主要分为细节题和推断题两种。其中细节题主要包括以下题型：时间与数字，地点与方向，职业与身份，建议与请求以及计划与行动。推断题则主要包括以下题型：态度与反应X/L以及引申推理题（原因与结果X，虚拟与条件X，转折与让步X，比较与选择L）。由第二题看选项，引出细节类题型第一种时间与数字。补充Calculation讲解部分时间与数字题型时间与数字题型中考得最多的是时间与价格。1. 抓住出提者的思路. 一般来说，正确答案不会是直接听到的数字，而往往是在意思上相同或相近，或许要同学们做出简单四则运算。(专买便宜货, 火车飞机难准点.)例1: Its 7:00, weve got only 30 minutes left for the party. -When will the party begin?例2: M: Heres a 10-dollar bill. Give me two tickets for tonights show please.W: sure. Two tickets and here is $1.40 change.Q: How much does one ticket cost? (1997.6 CET-4)另:注意Do you have the time? 你有表吗?2. 分别给大家介绍一些此类题型的关键词有关时间的表达： 直接sharp；运用past，to，after等介词；midnight；day，week，fortnight，month，quarter，year，decade，score，century；（表频率）weekly，monthly，yearly，every，bi-monthly(every two months)；the day before yesterday/after tomorrow提示时间变化的表达：more/less, late/early, fast/slow, before/after, as soon as, once, not until.（机场/车站）depart/arrive, delay, miss, cancel/call off. （不祥词汇）scheduled, supposed, assumed（会议等）start/begin, postpone, put off , traffic jam/car broken 有关价格的表达：价格的表示大多以美国的货币单位出现（dollar/cent/quarter/dime/nickel）四级听力价格题的惯用思维：a.不直接说出价格,反而说出所付的钱以及找回的钱,要同学们计算 b.不买正价物品，专买打折货（save, at a .% discount, knock .% off the price, on sale/special, bargain, second hand, used.）其他提示数字关键词: (倍数/分数)times, twice, triple, half, double; quarter, 基数词/序数词(s).例(放录音)2002.12 CET-4 number 7A) the man will go to meet the woman this eveningB) the man and woman have an appointment at 7 oclockC) the woman cant finish making the jam before 7 o clockD) the woman wont be able to see the man this evening注意词汇: be/get stuck in, never mind暑假作业III当堂练习并讲解.地点与方向题型(90-2000共15次)属于较常考的题型,一般分为两类.a. 对对话中涉及到的场所提问,答案一般在对话中直接出现.但一般会出现多个地点的顺序或组合来进行干扰,或者近音干扰.例: 97年1月试题A) Europe B) Here C) Canada D) CaliforniaJ 白色化M: Has George returned from Europe yet?W: Yes, but he had been only here for three days before his company sent him to Canada?Q: Where is George now?b. 对对话场所或者是某事物的方向进行判断,答案不会直接出现,但是会出现相关词汇帮助同学们进行判断.如: dishes, menu, order, go Dutch, pay the bill/treat- stamps, envelopes, packages, parcel, postage- reserves, check in/out, room service, lobby, reception desk- brand, size, color, style, discount, cashier- boarding card, cancel a flight, take off, land, passport, visa- cough, give an injection, take temperature, pill, aspirin, capsules- open an account, deposit, cash/check, draw out, interest rate-例: A) in a hotel B) At a dinner table C) In the street D) At the mans houseJ(白色化) 97.1 CET-4W: Dear, I feel hungry now. How about you?M: So do I. Let me call Room Service. Hello, Room Service? Please send a menu to 320 right away. Q: Where are the two speakers?关键词固然有用,但是也不要盲目依靠关键词,要注意听懂对话再例: A) At the airport B) In a travel agency C) In a hotel D) At homeJ(白色化)M: Ive just got back from the holiday you arranged for me, but I must tell you the hotel is really awful! It was miles from the sea. The food was awful too. The bedroom was dirty. W: Sorry about that. But its not really our fault. The contract does say that the hotel accommodation is not our responsibility. Q: Where is the conversation most probably taking place?职业与身份使用的语言可以反映出许多情况.例：Now turn to page.today were going to learn.- Can I help you?- Here is the menu.- CET-4 is the greatest exam in the world- Freeze! Or Ill fire!- 此类题属于人物细节题,也是四级考试中的高频题型,10年间共出现22次。这类题目其实与上面讲过的地点与方向题关系密切，因为常常从关键词中不但能判断对话发生的地点，还可以判断说话人的身份或者两位说话人之间的关系。就拿上面的例子来说明（旅行社与宾馆的两道题）大体上来说，这类题目比较常考的有两种(可从四选项判断)。a. 问说话人的职业或身份(如Professor, father) c. 问两说话人之间的关系.答题提示a. 注意以上提过的地点状语与说话人的语气. b. 特别注意称呼,如是否使用敬语(如please则一般是生人或者地位有差别的人之间才会使用) c.一定要记笔记，否则很容易张冠李戴。在此列举一些需要特别注意的职业 plumber(tap, leak), repairman(一般考顾客取回东西的时间?Can I take it back tomorrow?), Mr. Jones, Smith须注意的人物关系:librarian and student, boss and secretary, colleagues(需注意与friends之间的区别, 前者一般谈论工作,后者则一般谈工作外的话题) 例：A) Librarian and student B) operator and caller C) Boss and secretary D) customer and repairmanJ(白色化) 95.06 CET-4W: How long will it take you to fix my watch?M: Ill call you when its ready. But it shouldnt take longer than a week.Q: what is the probable relationship between the speakers?再例：A) Waiter B) secretary C) Administrator D) ProfessorJ(白色化)W: May I ask the nature of your business, please?M: Im from State Administration, and I need to talk to Mr. White about his building project on 20 street.Q: whats the mans probable occupation?使用暑假作业第5页IX当堂作联系并讲解.使用暑假作业第2页IV做这一段的小结.当堂练习并讲解.建议与请求Some of you seemed to be very tired. Let relax for a while. How about listen to a song?(公布歌词填空答案)或者下课休息刚刚我向大家做了一个建议-听歌.注意我的用词.(How about.?)这是用来表示什么的句式呢?(建议).建议题是四级听力里的大头了,一般来说占3/10.选项思路: a.观察选项, 如果四个选项全是涉及不同动作的句子,并且是某一个人作主语,或者全部是不定式/ing形式,那么就可以初步断定此题属于offer and request范围内,然后给选项中动词划线. b.万能规律: 留心对话中动词同义词,留心被请求一方的态度肯定还是否定, 关键词为but或者是任何转折或矛盾的词.听音思路: 抓住建议请求处做题,常出现在第二人说的话中.a. 包含情态动词的句子 b. 祈使句 c. 反意疑问句 d.否定疑问句（dont you think., shouldnt he be doing.）e. 包括有建议词汇的句子 f. why not.?/why dont you?/how about? g. 虚拟语气委婉表示建议（If I were you.）虚拟语气一出必考建议词汇(考虑是否在培训课用)： suggest, advice，短语和句式类why not.?/why dont you?/how（what） about? youd better, wouldbe wiser? Why bother.? 祈使句, 虚拟语气类would rather sb. did.（.觉得你应该） Its about (high) time sb. did(.该这么做了) , if I were you, I would .例:2000.1 CET-4 number 4(可播放录音)A) read more than one article B) choose a better article to read C) present a different theory to the class D) read an article on political scienceJ(白色化)M: Id better read one of the articles for our political science class.W: you cant read just one. They say each presents a different theory.Q: what does the woman tell the man to do?计划与行动Will you go to the Bar with us tomorrow? Sorry, I promised my students to be at the concert they organized.What will I do tomorrow?(what is .going to do?/what does sb. plan to do?/what happened to sb.?/how did