高考语法分类 动词和动词短语小结试题解析.doc

动词和动词短语考点一、词义辨析1lay和lie 2.arise，rise和raise 3.可用于“动词sb.of sth.”的常用动词accuse(控告)，cheat(欺骗)，cure(治愈)，inform(通知)，remind(提醒)，rid(摆脱)，rob(抢劫)，warn(警告)this photo reminds me of my school days.这张照片使我想起了学校生活。the people of the town were warned of the danger of flooding.该镇居民被警告有洪水危险。4可用于“动词sb.for doing sth.”的常用动词blame(指责)，criticise(批评)，forgive(原谅)，excuse(原谅)，pardon(原谅)，punish(惩罚)，scold(指责)，thank(感谢)forgive me for saying so，but i think thats nonsense.原谅我这样说，但是我认为没意义。i dont blame you for doing that.我不责备你做了那事。考点二、常考动词短语1bring构成的短语bring about 引起，导致bring back 使想起bring down 降低bring in 赚得；引入；请做bring up 提出；养育；抚养；呕吐2break 构成的短语break away(from)逃脱；脱离 break down (机器等)坏掉；(身体)垮掉；(计划、和谈等)失败break in 破门而入；插嘴break into 强行闯入；突然开始break out (火灾、战争、疾病等)突然开始；爆发break up 解散；粉碎；绝交3call 构成的短语call at 拜访(某地)call on 拜访(某人)call back 回电话call up 打电话给；使回忆起call for 去(接)；需要，要求call in 召来call off 取消4cut 构成的短语cut down 砍倒；削减cut in 打断(谈话)，插嘴cut off 中断；断绝cut up 切碎5come 构成的短语come about 发生come across 偶遇come to 共计，达到；苏醒come true 变为现实come up 走上前；被提出come up with 提出come into being 形成6get 构成的短语get about 四处走动；传开get across 传达get away 逃脱，设法离开get down 下来；记下get off 出发；下班get together 聚会get through 接通；通过get down to 开始认真干get over 克服get along/on with 进展；相处7go 构成的短语go away 离开go back 返回(某地)go by 逝去go on 继续下去，上场，开始运行go over 检查，反复研究go out 熄灭go up (价格等)上涨go down (温度等)下降go against 违背；对不利go ahead 开始，进展，进行go after/for 追逐，追求go without 勉强维持；凑合go in for 爱好；参加；从事go through 通过；经历go over 复习；仔细审查go by 过去，经过8give 构成的短语give up 放弃give in 屈服give out 用尽；分发give away 泄露；赠送；颁发give off 发出give back 归还；使恢复9make 构成的短语make up for 补偿，弥补make out 辨认出make fun of 取笑make up ones mind 下定决心make sense 有道理(意义)，讲得通make good/full use of.充分利用make up 编造；组成；构成；补齐，凑足10put 构成的短语put aside 把放在一边put away 把收好put down 扑灭，平息put forward 提出put off 延期，推迟put out 扑灭；生产put up 挂起，张贴；搭起；为某人提供食宿put up with 忍受，容忍11turn 构成的短语turn down 拒绝；调低turn in 上交turn out 结果是，证明是turn over 移交，交给turn up 出现；调高turn off 关掉turn on 打开turn away 走开turn to 求助于；翻到语法训练1(2011年高考天津卷)i_a bank account after i made $1,000 by doing a parttime job during the summer vacation.aborrowedbopenedcentered dordered解析：句意：我在暑假做兼职工作挣了1 000美元之后在银行开了个账户。borrow借(入)；open开设；enter进入；order命令。根据句意可确定选b项。答案：b2(2011年高考福建卷)id prefer to_my judgement until i find all the evidence.ashow bexpresscpass dreserve解析：句意：在我找到所有的证据之前，我宁愿保留我的看法。show显示，表明；express表明，表达；pass传递，通过；reserve保留。由句意可知d项正确。答案：d3(2011年高考安徽卷)if you_faults but you still want the bicycle, ask the shop assistant to reduce the price.acome across bcare aboutclook for dfocus upon解析：句意：如果你偶然发现些瑕疵而又还想要这辆自行车，你可以让店员降低价格。b项care about表示“关心，在乎”，c项look for表示“寻找”，d项focus upon表示“集中(注意力)”，这三项很明显与题意不符；只有a项come across表示“偶然发现，偶然遇见”符合句子意思。因此选a项。答案：a4(2011年高考福建卷)born into a family with three brothers, david was_to value the sense of sharing.abrought up bturned downclooked after dheld back解析：句意：出生在一个有三个哥哥的家庭里，戴维被教导要重视分享意识。bring up养育，抚养，教育；turn down拒绝，(把声音等)调低；look after照料，照看；hold back阻挡，妨碍，控制(感情)，隐瞒不讲。根据句意可知a项正确。答案：a5(2011年高考江西卷)you cant predict everything. often things dont _as you expect.arun out bbreak outcwork out dput out解析：句意：你不能预料一切，事情常常不按你预期的那样发展。run out用完，用尽；break out爆发；work out算出，做出，制订出，发生，发展；put out熄灭。根据句意知选c项。答案：c6how was the schools sports meet?we didnt plan it like that but it _very well.atried out bwent outcworked out dcarried out解析：考查动词短语。后句句意：我们事先并没有那样计划，但最后结果却很好。work out“成功地发展”，符合语意。try out意为“试验”；go out意为“出去，熄灭”；carry out 意为“贯彻，实行”。答案：c7everyone should learn something about first aid，because every second _in an emergency.aurges bcostscneeds dcounts解析：考查动词辨析。句意：每个人都应该了解有关急救的知识，因为在紧急情况下每一秒都很重要。urge意为“力劝，催促”；cost意为“花费”；need意为“需要”；count意为“重要”。根据语境选d项。答案：d8(2012年无锡市检测)leave him alone.he is _himself to the preparations for the coming exam.aadjusting bapplyingclosing dengaging解析：考查动词辨析。apply oneself to努力学习，勤奋工作，符合语意。adjust oneself to适应，习惯；lose oneself in沉迷于，全神贯注于；engage sb.in(使)从事，参加。答案：b9(2012年盐城模拟)because of the rain，well have to_the football match.im free next sunday if you would like to play then.aadvance bpostponecabandon dadvocate解析：考查动词辨析。advance前进；postpone推迟，延期；abandon丢弃，遗弃；advocate拥护，提倡。句意：由于下雨，我们将不得不推迟足球赛。如果你喜欢玩，下周日我有空。答案： b10(2012年苏州模拟)shall we _for twenty minutes and have a cup of coffee?i cant agree with you any more.abreak off bbreak downcbreak up dbreak out解析：考查动词短语。问句句意：我们能不能停下来喝杯咖啡？break off中断，停止；break down 瓦解，分解；break up破裂，解散；break out爆发。答案：a11some parents are just too protective.they want to _their kids from every kind of danger，real or imagined.aspot bdismisscshelter ddistinguish解析：考查动词辨析。根据前一句中的内容可知父母想给孩子提供“庇护”，让他们避免各种危险，无论是真实的，还是想象的。a项表示“认出；发现”；b项表示“开除；解散”；d项表示“区分”，都不符合语意。答案：c12i came all the way to inform you of the time and place of the meeting.you could have _yourself the trouble by calling me.ashared bsparedc cost dremoved解析：考查动词辨析。答话人认为对方本来不必一路走来通知自己会议的时间和地点，打个电话就可以省去这种麻烦，spare sb.the trouble表示“免除某人(做某事的)麻烦”。答案：b13it is required that all traffic participants should _the traffic rules to make traffic safer and faster.aperform bobservecsupport dpossess解析：考查动词辨析。此处observe the traffic rules是固定表达，意为“遵守交通法规”，据此选b。答案：b14(2012年温州五校联考)a wellwritten composition _good choice of words and clear organization among other things.acalls on bcalls upccalls for dcalls off解析：考查动词短语辨析。call on表示“号召”；call up 表示“打电话，使想起”；call for表示“要求，需要”；call off表示“取消”。根据题意可知选c。答案：c15the great damag