【词汇专攻】2015届中考备考词汇全案小复习：11-20（10份10组专题）.doc

世纪金榜 圆您梦想 11affair/matter/business. affair “事、事情、事务”它的涵义最广，可指已经发生或必须做的任何事情， 也可泛指事务（通常用算数，指重大或头绪较多的事务）。如： The railway accident was a terrible affair.那次火车事故是件可怕的事。 Thats my affair, not yours. 那是我的事， 不是你的。 We should concern ourselves with state affairs. 我们要关心国家大事。. matter“事、事情” 是普通用语，常指我们所写到或谈到的事情，要考虑和处理的事情。如： This is a matter I know little about. 这件事我不大知道。 Ill ask some one about the matter.关于这件事我将去问问人。 There are several matters to be considered. 有几件事情要考虑。注：在口语中，be the matter 相当于be wrong, 表发生了失常的事或出了毛病等意思。如： Whats the matter? 怎么啦？Whats the matter with you? 你怎么啦？. business“生意、商业”产普通用语。它表“事情、事务”时，往往指一种任务、责任或必须去做的事。此外，它有时还含有轻蔑的意味。如： We dont do much business with them.我们跟他们没有多少生意来往。 It is a teachers business to help his pupils.帮助学生是教师的责任。 He made it his business to fetch water for a granny. 他把为一位老大娘挑水当作自己的事。 Its not your business.这不是你的事。注：这三个词有时可通用，但不能任意替换。如：Mind your own business.少管闲事。这里的business 可用affairs 替换，但不能用 matters.12afraid/ fear/ frightened. afraid “害怕”是形容词，只能作表语，而不能作定语，后接of 短语或不定式，构成be afraid of sb. 和be afraid to do sth She is afraid of a snake. 她害怕蛇。 The little girl is afraid to go out at night.afraid +that clause “恐怕”，是婉转拒绝别人的一种表达方式。如： Im afraid (that) I cant go to the party. My brother is sick. 恐怕我不能去参加聚会了。我弟弟病了。. fear “害怕”是动词，与be afraid 往往通用，但不如它常用（特别是在口语中）。如： We fear no difficulty.我们不怕困难。 e feared to speak his mind.他不敢说出自己的想法。 Fearing that he would catch cold, I went out to see him.因为怕他会受凉，我走去看他。. frightened adj “受惊吓的、害怕的”可做表语，也可作定语。如： She is too frightened to move.她太害怕了不能动弹。 A frightened girl is crying. 一个受惊的女孩正在哭。13 feel like / would like.feel like 与would like 意思很相近，但feel like 后面常跟名词；动名词。构成：feel like (doing) sth. 而 would like 一般接名词；动词不定式。构成：would like (to do) sth.的句式。如： I feel like (having) a drink. = I would like (to have) a drink. 我想喝一杯。 Do you feel like talking a walk. = Would you like to take a walk? 你要不要散步？ I dont feel like eating. 我不想吃东西。.feel like 还表示：“觉得好像，摸起来像”。如： It feels like silk. 它摸起来像绸缎。14. after/behind“在之后”. after “在（时间）之后”；“在（地点）之后”，指次序。如： He came after ten oclock. 他十点以后来的。 Two days after his arrival, I called on him. 在他到达两天以后，我拜访了他。 Against comes after again in this cictionary.在这本字典中 against 排在again 之后。. behind 表地点时意为：在后面、着重指位置的前后。偶尔也指时间，表按照一定的时刻而迟了的意思。 The garden is behind the house. He stood behind me. The train was behind time. 火车误点了。 You are two hours behind. 你迟了两个小时。15. ago/before. ago adv. “以前”指从此刻起，若干时间以前，通常与过去连用。如： It happened two days ago.这件事发生在两天以前。 I met him a few minutes ago.我在几分钟以前碰到他。. before adv, prep & conj “以前”指从那时起若干时间以前。通常与完成时、过去时等连用。还可用作前置词或连接词表时间，而ago 则不能这样用。 He said that he had seen her two days before.他说他两天前见到过她。（表从她说话那时起两天前） I had been fine the day before.(那天)前一天的天气很好。 Ive seen that film before. I never met him before.16. agree to/ agree with/ agree on(up on). agree to “同意、应允”通常用于同意某件事情（我们可以同意我们自己有不同看法而并不赞同的事情）。如： Do you agree to this plan? He agreed to my proposal.他同意了我的提议。 I agreed to his terms. 我同意了他的条件。. agree with “同意、赞同”常常表示同某人意见一致，也可表赞同某件事情。还有“（气候、食物等）适合”之意。如： I quite agree with you.我很同意你。 Do you agree with me ? I agree with all you say.我同意你所说的。 His words do not agree with his actions.他言行不一致。 Too much meat doesnt agree with her.吃太多肉对她身体不合适。注：agree with 不能用于被动语态。. agree on /upon “对取得一致意见”指两方或多方就某个问题取得了一致的意见或达成了某种协议。如： After discussion the two sides agreed on a cease-fire. 经过讨论，双方就停火问题达成了协议。 They all agree on the plan.他们对这个计划意见一致。注：此句型可转换成agree in doing sth.如： All of them agreed on / upon it. = All of them agreed in doing it. 他们对做这个问题达成了共识。17 at times / at all times / all the time. at times “不时；偶尔”如： The tide is , at times, very high. 潮水有时涨得高。 I make mistakes at times when I speak English. 我说英语偶尔会出错。. at all times.“随时；任何时候；总是” 如：He has a cool head at all times. 他随时都有清醒的头脑。. all the time “一直；始终” 其中time用单数形式。如：The baby cries all the time. 那婴儿一直哭。18. aim/ purpose/ object. aim “目的”指抱有一种明确的目的，并意味着为之实现而竭尽全力。如： Whats your aim in life?你的人生目的是什么？ The ultimate aim of the Party is the realization of communism.党的最终目的是实现共产主义。. purpose “目的”指心中有打算，并意味着对所作的打算有较大的决心。如： It was done with a definite purpose. 做这件事具有一个明确的目的。 For what purpose (purposes) do you want to go to Canada? 你要去加拿大的目的何在？. object “目的” 含有比较具体的意味。往往指在我们的行为中，需要或希望直接达到的目的。如： The object of my visit is to consult you. 我访问的目的是来和你商量。 What is your object in studying English? 你学英文的目的何在？注：以上这几个词的涵义虽有差别，但在语言实践中，常被毫无区别地使用着。19. alive/ living/ the living/ live/ dead. alive adj“活着的”“在世的”，它既可修饰人也可修饰物。可作表语，定语。作定语时，应放在被修饰的名词之后。如： They were alive and as happy as ever. 他们都还活着，并跟以前一样快活。 All the other comrades were killed in the battle. He was the only man alive. 所有的同志都还活着亡了，他是唯一的幸存者。.living adj,“活着的”主要用着定语，常置于名词前，有时也可置于名词后。也可作表语。如： Every living person has a name. 每个活着的人都有一个名字。 No man living could do better. 当代人没有一个能做得比这更好。. the living “活着的人”如：The living are more important to us than the dead.对我们来说活着的人比死了的人更重要。. live adj. “活着的”读着laiv,反义词为 dead, 可作定语，放在所修饰的名词之前，一般不用来修饰人。 还可以作动词，读着liv, 意为“生活”、“生存”如： The cat was playing with a live mouse.这只猫在玩弄一只活老鼠。 Pandas usually live in the south and the southeast of China.熊猫通常生活在中国的南部和东南部。. lively adj. laivli(livelier, liveliest) “生动的”；“活泼的”；“充满生气的”用作表语或定语，可用来修饰人或物。如：The sports ground is lively with all sorts of ball games. 运动场上进行着各种球类比赛，呈现出一派生气勃勃的景象。20. all/ every. all 和 every 意思十分相近，二者都可用来泛指人或物。但all可与算数的名词连用，而every 只能与单数的名词连用。如： All Mondays are horrible. 星期一总是可怕的。 Every Monday is horrible. 每个星期一都是可怕的