Chapter 1 American BeginningsrcisesI.doc

Chapter 1 American BeginningsExercises I. Explain the following:1. the meaning of being an American according to Crevecoeur2. American Indians3. Columbus discovery of America4. the Religious Reformation5. the first English permanent settlement in North America6. Puritanism7. the Pilgrim Fathers8. Quakerism9. William Penn10. the Declaration of Independence11. George Washington12. Thomas Jefferson13. Benjamin FranklinII. Fill in the blanks:1. In 1782, the Frenchman who settled in Pennsylvania first asked the question what is an American in his book_.2.The New World of America was peopled as a result of two long-continuing immigration movements, the first one from_ and the second from_ and _.3.American Indians had developed three brilliant civilizations before the Europeans arrived. These three civilization were _, _and_.4. Columbus discovered the New World in the year of_.5. The English king claimed the territory of North America based on the voyage of_.6._was the first to start the Religious Reformation and the next important leader of the Reformation was_.7.The first permanent settlement in North America was established in todays in the year of_.8.The crop _ that was transplanted from the West Indian saved Virginia.9.Lord Baltimore who set up the colony of _was_ in religion. 10.New England was founded by a group of religious believers called _while Pennsylvania was planted by_ who was a _ in religion.11.Two most important principles of the Holy Experiment were_and_.12._officially proclaimed the birth of a new American nation.13.Name two of the taxes imposed on North American colonies by the British Parliament on the eve of the American Revolution:_ and_.14. The institution that began to assume the function of a national government during the American Revolution was_.III. Choose the correct answer to each of the following questions:1. Which of the following statements was correct around the time of the American Revolution?A. The American had the mixed blood of Europeans or their descendants.B. American had the mixed blood of Europeans with American Indians.C. The American had the mixed blood of Europeans with blacks.D. The American had the blood of the English and their descendants only.2. Which of the following was NOT one of the three forces that led to the modern development of Europe?A. The growth of capitalism.B. The Renaissance.C. The Religious Reformation.D. The spiritual leadership of the Roman Catholic Church.3. The following were the main Reformation leaders exceptA. Martin Luther.B. Martin Luther King.C. John Calvin.D. The English King Henry VIII.4. The following were some of the characteristics of Protestantism exceptA. challenging the authority of the Pope.B. salvation through faith.C. salvation through the church.D. establishing a direct contact with God.5. Which of the following American values did NOT come from Puritanism?A. separation of state and church. .B. respect of education.C. intolerant moralism.D. a sense of mission.6. Lord Baltimores feudal plan failed becauseA. there were more Protestant than Catholics in Maryland.B. the wilderness of the continent made the plan impossible.C. there was plenty of land while labor was scarce.D. the English king did not like the plan.7. The following were the founding fathers of the American Republic exceptA. George Washington.B. Thomas Jefferson.C. William Penn.D. Benjamin Franklin.8. The theory of American politics and the American Revolution originated mainly fromA. George Washington.B. Thomas Jefferson.C. John Adams.D. John Locke.9. Which of the following was NOT a denomination of Protestantism?A. Catholics.B. Puritans.C. Quakers.D. Church of England.10. No taxation without representation was the rallying cry ofA. the settlers of Virginia.B. the people of Pennsylvania.C. the colonists in New England.D. the people of the 13 colonies on the eve of the American Revolution.Questions for Thought1. What is an American? Comment on the answer to the question by Crevecoeur.2. How did modern development in Europe influence the settlement of North American colonies?3. What was the unique American. phenomenon ? Flow did it come into being? Do you think it still exists in today American society?4. In what way did Puritanism influence American culture?5. How is it that American development was characterized with capitalism from the very beginning? Why do you think thefeudal system failed in early America?6. Comment on the Holy Experiment by William Penn.7. What were some of the causes of the American Revolution? Explain the Declaration of Independence.KEY TO THE EXERCISESChapter 1. I Explain the following:1. the meaning of being an American according to CrevecoeurCrevecoeur believed that the American was a new man with the mixed blood of Europeans or their descendants. This new man left behind him all the ancient European traditions and received new ones in the New World. In North America, all individuals were melted into a new race of the American. This new man acted upon new principles, entertained new ideas and formed new opinions.2. American IndiansAmerican Indians, who were mistakenly called by Columbus, moved to the Americas from Asia about 25, 000 years ago. They developed their own aboriginal cultures and some of them such as the Aztecs, the Incas and the Mayas were very advanced when Europeans arrived in the New World. But as a result of European conquest, the Indian population was quickly reduced and their cultures were ruthlessly destroyed.3. Columbuss discovery of AmericaChristopher Columbus, an Italian sailor. believed that by sailing west from Europe he could reach the East. In 1492, he persuaded the Spanish monarchy to support his voyage. He landed on one of the Bahama Islands in the Caribbean Sea and thus discovered the New World. Based on his voyage. The Spanish king claimed the territory of the Americas and later conquered the native Americans and established a huge empire.4. the Religious ReformationIn1517, Martin Luther, a German theology professor, started to reform the Catholic Church which had dominated Europe for centuries. He challenged the authority of the Pope and attacked the practice of the sale of indulgences. He believed that people could be saved only by their faith in Jesus Christ and through a direct contact with God. The Rell0lous Reformation. which was capitalistic in nature, had great impact on the modern development of Europe and North America.5. the first English permanent settlement in North AmericaThe first English permanent settlement was organized in 1607 by the London Company with a charter from the English king. The colonists settled in Virginia and survived by imposing strict discipline on themselves and by transplanting tobacco into the colony of Virginia. In 1619. the settlers elected their delegates and set up the House of Burgesses, and the same time they bought and enslaved black servants. These two events greatly influenced the political and social development of the Unite States later.6. PuritanismPuritans were those who followed the doctrine of John Calvin and wanted to purify the Church of England. They believed that human beings were predestined by God before they were born. Some were Gods chosen people while others were damned to hell. No church nor good works could save people. The sign of being Gods elect was the success in his work or the prosperity in his calling. They also argued that everyone must read the Bible in order to find Gods will and establish a direct contact with God. These beliefs had great impact on American culture.7. the Pilgrim FathersPuritans in England were persecuted for their religious beliefs, and some of them fled to Holland. In Holland, they found it hard to live in a foreign land, so they decided to move North America so that they could worship as they pleased. Supported by some merchants in London, they went on board the Mayflower in 1620. Before they landed on todays New England, they signed the Mayflower Compact for the future civil government of their colony. These early Puritans in New England were called the Pilgrim Fathers.8. QuakerismQuakers were a group of Protestants. They believed that people could communicate with God because Gods divine light was in everyones heart. They believed in God through faith without the help of church or priests. Those religious beliefs taught them that pe()IL were born equal, and not sinful. They worked hard and lived a simple life in order to please God. William Penn, the founder of Pennsylvania, was such a Quaker.9. William PennWilliam Penn was an English Quaker who wanted to establish a colony for persecuted fellow religious believers. He assured religious freedom and easy terms for land in Pennsylvania to those Europeans who wished to settle in his colony. In his Holy Experiment, he encouraged the spirit of liberty and equality and carried out the policy of separation of state and church. He set no restrictions on immigration and naturalization was made easy for non-English Europeans. All this has left rich heritage to American culture. .10. the Declaration of IndependenceThe Declaration of Independence was mainly drafted by Thomas Jefferson and was adopted by the Congress on July 4, 1776, when the people of 13 English colonies in North America were fighting for their freedom and independence from the British colonial rule. The document declared that all men were equal and that they were entitled to have some unalienable rights such as life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. It also explained the philosophy of governments: the powers of governments came from the consent of the governed and the purpose of governments was to secure the rights mentioned above. The theory of politics and the guiding principles of the American Revolution mainly came from John Locke.11. George WashingtonGeorge Washington was one of the founding