unit22 倒装.doc

倒装一、 倒装句的类型倒装有两种情况：部分倒装（主语和助动词倒置）和完全倒装（主语和谓语完全倒置）。使用倒装的目的：一是为了语法结构的需要；二是为了表示强调。1. 完全倒装：整个谓语移至主语前面叫完全倒装。Eg：Then came Mary and George. 然后玛丽和乔治来了。 In the castle lived the Snow White with seven dwarfs. 白雪公主和七个小矮人住在城堡里。“I want to leave here，”said John. “我想离开这儿，”约翰说。2. 部分倒装：只把助动词、系动词或情态动词放在主语之前叫部分倒装。Eg：Has he gone to school?他去上学了吗？Is he your classmate? 他是你的同学吗？ Can you finish the work in three days? 你三天内能完成这项工作吗？They cannot understand a thing about it, and neither can she.他们对它一点儿都不懂。她也不懂。二、 常见的倒装结构1. 疑问句中的倒装英语中构成疑问句（除对主语或主语的定语提问的特殊疑问句外），通常需使用倒装结构，这是语法结构的需要。Eg: When are we going to meet again? 我们什么时候再见面？ Have you seen Jenny lately? 你近来见过珍妮吗？ Have you anything like that? / Do you have anything like that? 你有那样的东西吗？ 2. 句子谓语是go, come, run等表示位置移动的动词和be动词，句中又有表示方位的副词（如：there, here, off, up, down, out, in, away等），当其主语为名词时，为了强调该副词，可将其放于句首，而将谓语动词全部置于主语之前不用任何助动词。但当主语是人称代词时，只可将副词置于句首，后面用陈述句语序，即主、谓不倒装。Eg：Here comes the train to Beijing.去北京的火车来了。Down came the rain.下雨了。Away went the boy to the school!那男孩子到学校去了！Off goes the woman!那个女人走了！Here she comes.她来了。例题：（1）Be quick! _.A. The bell goes there B. There the bell goesC. There goes the bell D. There is going the bell3. 当sothat结构中的so位于句首加强语气时，第一分句要倒装。Eg：So moved was she that she could not say a word. 她感动得一句话也说不出来。So loudly did he speak that even the people in the next room could hear him.他的声音那么大，连隔壁屋子里的人都听得见。So fast does light travel that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.光速如此之快，我们很难想象。So small were the words that he could hardly see them.字那么小，他几乎看不见。例题：(1) So_that no people can swim in it.A. the river is deep B. deep the river isC. deep is the river D. is the river deep （2）_about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research.A. So curious the couple was B. So curious were the coupleC. How curious the couple were D. The couple was such curious4. “so+助动词+主语”表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人或物。Eg：I was late and so was she.我迟到了，她也迟到了。They love having lots of friends, so do those with disabilities.他们喜欢广交朋友，残疾人也一样。注：“so+主语+助动词”是重复或进一步肯定前面所说的情况，前后两句主语指的是同一个人。例题：（1）David has made great progress recently. _, and_.A. So he has; so you have B. So he has; so have youC. So has he; so have you D. So has he; so you have （2）It was careless of you to have left your clothes outside all night. My God! _.A. So did I B. So I did C. So were you D. So did you5. “neither/nor+助动词+主语”表示前面所说的否定内容也适用于另外一人或物。Eg：She wont go. Neither /Nor will I. 她不走，我也不走。I cannot swim. Neither can he (swim).我不会游泳，他也不会。例题：（1）Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother? I dont know, _.A. nor dont care B. nor do I care C. I dont care neither D. I dont care also6. 当if引导的虚拟条件从句中含有had.were或should等时，如将if省略，则要将had,were或should等移到主语前，作部分或完全倒转。Eg：Had ou come yesterday, you would have seen him.若你昨天来，你就会见到他了。例题：（1）_in your position, I couldnt catch up with him.A. Were I B. If I was C. If I am D. Was I 7. only修饰状语位于句首时，句中的主、谓部分倒装。Eg：Only then did we realize that the man was blind. 直到那时我们才发现那个人是盲人。 Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to work. 直到1918年战争结束后，他才愉快地重返工作岗位。例题：（1）_can you expect to get a pay rise.A. With hard work B. Although work hardC. Only with hard work D. Now that he works hard8. 将含有否定意义的副词（never, seldom, not, little, hardly, no, in no time等），“not a+名词”或“not a single+名词”结构，置于句首时，句中的主、谓部分倒装。 hardlywhen, no soonerthan, not onlybut also引导两个分句时，将前一个分句中的主、谓部分倒装，后一个分句中的语序不变。Eg：Seldom in my life have I met so determined a person.一生中我很少见到如此果断的人。Not a word did he say at the last meeting.在上次会议上他一句话都没说。Hardly had he began to speak when his father stopped him.他刚开始发言就被父亲制止了。No sooner had I left my house than it bagan to rain.我刚刚离开家就下雨了。例题：（1）Not until all the fish died in the river_how serious the pollution was.A. did the villagers realize B. the villagers realizedC. the villagers did realized D. didnt the villagers realize （2）Never in my life_in that manner.A. have I been spoken B. have I been spoken toC. I have been spoken D. I have been spoken to9. 表示存在的句型“There be+主语”也属于倒装句之列。Eg：There are three books on the desk.桌上有3本书。There was something in the box.箱子里有东西。There entered a strange little man.走进来一个身体矮小的奇怪的人。Once there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea.从前，海边的一个村子里住着一位老渔夫。10. 为了强调句中的状语或表语，为了保持句子平衡或上下文衔接紧密，在叙述性和描绘性的书面语中，句中主语和谓语完全倒装，可将状语或表语谓语句首。这种结构若有地点状语，而且把这种状语放在句首时，可以用省略there的倒装结构。Eg：In the cottage lives a family of six.在这幢小茅舍里住着一家六口。Near the bridge was an old cottage.在桥的附近有一幢古老的茅舍。In the front of the hall sat the headmaster.校长坐在大厅里的前面。In this paragraph can the answer be found.在这段里能找到答案。11. 当直接引语的一部分或者全部位于句首时，引述分句的主语又是名词或名词短语，该引述分句常用倒装结构。Eg：“What shall we do?”said the teacher. “我们怎么办？”老师说。 “Great!”said my father. “Ill go there.”“好极了！”我父亲说。“我将到那里去。”“Please hurry,”said Marry.“请快点儿”，玛丽说。12. 某些让步状语从句中往往把表语提到主语前面或放在句首，以构成倒装结构。Eg：No matter how interesting the book is, he doesnt like to read it.不管这本书多有趣，他都不想看。（语序是：no matter how+表语+主语+系动词be）However hard a solid may be, we can change its shape.（语序是：However+表语+主语+系动词be）Young as he is, he knows some of the family secrets.尽管年纪小，他却知道家里的一些秘密。（语序是：表语+as+代词作主语+系动词be）Difficult as the work was(Difficult as was the work), it was finished in time. 工作虽然困难，还是及时完成了。(语序是：表语+as+名词作主语+系动词be, 或：表语+as+