第三部分 专题七 特殊句式.doc

特殊句式考点一：倒装1.完全倒装 即谓语动词在主语的前面。这类句型主要有以下几种形式：(1)以there, here, now, then, thus等引起的句子中，谓语动词常为be, come, go等，要用完全倒装。接着来了新的问题。 Then came _ _ _(2)以down, up, out, away, in, off等表示位置转移的副词位于句首时，要倒装。但主语为代词时，则句子不能倒装。箭冲上了天空。 _ _ the arrow into the sky.他冲了出去。 _ he rushed.(3)地点状语位于句首，变成强调地点时，句子要倒装。在英格兰的一所大学的学术讲座厅里坐着一位教授。In a lecture hall of a university in England _ _ _(4)such在句中作表语位于句首时，要倒装。爆炸力如此之大，以至于所有的窗户都震破了。_ _the force of the explosion that all the windows were broken.John opened the door. There he had never seen before. (2010陕西高考)Aa girl did stand Ba girl stood Cdid a girl stand Dstood a girl2部分倒装 只把谓语的一部分(多为助动词或情态动词)置于主语之前的句子，为部分倒装句。其类型主要有：(1)only修饰状语位于句首时，主句要部分倒装。就在那时我才意识到数学的重要性。Only then _ _ realize the importance of mathematics.只有通过此方法，你才能解决这个问题。Only in this way _ _ solve this problem.Only when he reached the teahouse it was the same place hed been in last year. (2011新课标全国卷) Ahe realized Bhe did realize Crealized he Ddid he realize (2)否定副词或短语置于句首时，要倒装。这样的副词有：never, no, hardly, scarcely, barely, seldom, little, not, nowhere, rarely, in no time, in no case, under/in no circumstances等。我以前从未看过这么感人的电影。Never before _ _ seen such a moving film. Its nice. Never before such a special drink！ Im glad you like it. (2011福建高考) AI have had BI had Chave I had Dhad I(3) so/neither/nor系动词/助动词/情态动词主语，表示“也(不)”时，句子要倒装。男女先驱者都忍受了巨大的痛苦，他们的孩子也如此。Pioneer men and women endured terrible hardship, and _ _their children.如果你今晚不去听音乐会，我也不去。If you dont go to the concert tonight, _/_ I. (4)几个复合句型的倒装：not .until .(直到才)，“not until从句”放于句首时，主句倒装。直到他回来我们才吃晚饭。 Not until he returned _ _ have supper.Not until I came home last night to bed. (2009四川高考)AMum did go Bdid Mum go Cwent Mum DMum wentno sooner .than ./hardly .when/scarcely .when (一就), no sooner, hardly, scarcely放于句首时，从句倒装。铃声一响，老师就进来了。 No sooner _ the bell _ than the teacher came in.not only .but also .(不但，而且)中，not only放于句首，所在的句子倒装。他不但被迫待在家里，而且还不得不做作业。Not only _ _ _ to stay home, but also he had to do his homework.so .that .(如此，以至于)中，so修饰部分放于句首，从句倒装。他讲得很清晰，以至于我们都明白他讲的是什么。So clearly_ _ _that we all understand what he says.So sudden that the enemy had no time to escape. (2009山东高考)Adid the attack Bthe attack did Cwas the attack Dthe attack was动词/名词/形容词/副词/不定代词as/though主语谓语作让步状语的倒装。尽管他很贫穷，但他过得很幸福。_ _he may be, he lives a happy life.Unsatisfied with the payment，he took the job just to get some work experience. (2009重庆高考) Athough was he Bthough he was Che was though Dwas he though考点二：强调1. 强调句型 结构：It is/was 被强调部分that 其他部分。如果被强调的部分是人，可用who代替that。(1) 时态的运用：强调句中的时态要根据原句的时态来确定用is 还是was。即原句为过去的某种时态，则强调句中就用was；若原句为现在的某种时态，强调句中就用is。(2)句型变化： be 动词置于句首构成一般疑问句。你是在公园遇见他的吗？_特殊疑问词beitthat .？构成特殊疑问句。是什么阻止了他及时赶来？_反意疑问句必须和主句一致。是在昨天晚上十点我知道的这个消息，是不是？ It was at ten last night that I knew the news, _ _ ？(3)人称和数的运用：被强调的部分如果是句子的主语，that/who 之后的谓语动词在人称和数上应与句子的主语保持一致。正是作为你朋友的我要来看你。 It is I that/who _ your friend that will come to see you.(4)对not . until .结构的强调：强调not .until .句型的时间状语时，要把not 与until 放在一起。直到十点钟，我才完成作业。 It was _ _10 oclock that I finished my homework.It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do benefits our work most. (2011陕西高考) Awho Bwhich Cthat Dwhat 2强调句型与相关句型的辨析(1)与定语从句的辨析：It was in the factory that they met for the first time.It was the factory where they met for the first time.(2)与主语从句的辨析：It is the Great Wall that they are going to visit.Its true that they are going to visit the Great Wall.(3)与状语从句的辨析：It was at 8 oclock that he arrived home.It was 8 oclock when he arrived home.(4)与同位语从句的辨析：It is the fact that has made us unhappy.It is a fact that he has lost the game by one score. Have you seen the film Under the Hawthorn Tree？ Of course, I have. It was in our village it was made. (2011重庆高考)Athat Bwhere Cwhen Dwhich3谓语动词的强调 强调句型不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语，用助动词do，did 或does。他在上周确实给你写信了。 He _ _ to you last week.考点三：省略1. 状语从句的省略 在时间、地点、条件、方式或让步状语从句中，如果谓语含有动词be，主语又与主句的主语一致或主语是it时，主谓均可以省略。当她过马路时，她父亲告诉她要当心。Her father told her to be careful when _the street.如果没有必要，你最好不要查词典。Unless _，youd better not refer to the dictionary. Who should be responsible for the accident？ The boss, not the workers. They just carried out the order. (2008福建高考)Aas told Bas are told Cas telling Das they told2定语从句中关系代词的省略 (1)作宾语的关系代词常可以省略(非限制性定语从句除外)。他把昨天买的那块表丢了。 He lost the watch _ _yesterday.(2)关系副词：when, why, where有时也可以省略。这就是我想要出国的原因。 Thats the very reason _/_ I want to go abroad.(3)the way, the time后面的定语从句，常省略关系代词。我不喜欢他对别人说话的方式。 I dont like the way_/_/_ he speaks to others.3不定式中“to”的省略(1)感官动词(see, feel, hear, notice, watch, observe, listen to等)和使役动词(let, make, have)后接不定式作宾语补足语时，省略to，但在被动式中不能省略(let除外)。我听见有人在隔壁唱歌。 I heard someone _ in the next room.有人注意到这个贼溜进了房间。 The thief was noticed _ into the room.(2)不定式在介词but, besides, except后面时，如果介词之前有行为动词do的某种形式，介词后的不定式不带to，否则要带to。他妈妈没有办法，只好等医生到来。His mother could do nothing but_for the doctor to arrive.若句中but/except前无do/does/did，则to不能省略。他除了等毫无选择。 He has no choice but _(3) 动词不定式作表语并且其主语从句中有do时，to可省略。我们现在所能做的就是为公司努力工作。What we can do now is _ hard for our company.(4)固定结构或句型中常省去“to”。cant (help) but do .；why not do .；prefer to do .rather than do .比起踢足球我更喜欢游泳。 I would prefer to swim rather than _ football.考点四：反意疑问句1. 陈述部分含有must的反意疑问句(1) 当must作“必须”讲时，其反意疑问词用neednt；当含有mustnt(不允许，禁止)时，其反意疑问词用must/may。你现在必须走，是吗？ You must go now, _ you？你不可以在此吸烟，行吗？ You mustnt smoke here, _ you？(2)当must表示推测，作“一定，准是”讲时，可首先将句子改为“I am sure that .”，反意疑问部分的动词形式根据be sure后的宾语从句的谓语动词形式确定。You must be hungry now, _ you？I am sure that you are hungry now, _ you？You must have heard about it, _ you？I am sure that you have heard about it, _ you？You must have watched that football match last night, _ you？I am sure that you watched that football match last night, _ you？2陈述部分含有used to的反意疑问句你过去经常开着窗户睡觉，是吗？ You used to sleep with the windows open, _/_you？3陈述部分含有ought to的反意疑问句他应该去听这个演讲，是吗？He ought to attend the lecture, _ /_he？4陈述部分含有否定词或半否定词的反意疑问句 当陈述部分带有seldom, hardly, scarcely, never, few, little, nothing, nobody等否定词中或半否定词时，疑问部分的动词用肯定形式。没有拐杖他几乎不能走路，是吗？He could hardly walk without a stick, _ he？5陈述部分含有宾语从句的反意疑问句(1)当陈述部分带有宾语从句时，疑问部分的主语与助动词常和主句保持一致。他说他要来参加我的生日聚会，是吗？He said that he would come to my birthday party, _ he？(2)陈述部分的谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, guess，expect, imagine.我认为他不会成功，会吗？ I dont believe he will succeed, _ he？汤姆不相信简会成功，对吗？Tom doesnt believe Jane will succeed, _ he？I told them not everybody could run as fast as you did, ？(2011重庆高考) Acould he Bdidnt I Cdidnt you Dcould they考点五：主谓一致1. 语法一致 主语单复数决定谓语动词的单复数形式，即主语是单数，谓语用单数，主语是复数，谓语用复数。两名学生在你的办公室等你。Two students _ waiting for you in your office.(2011江苏高考)The fact that so many people still smoke in public places that we may need a nationwide campaign to raise awareness of the risks of smoking.Asuggest Bsuggests Csuggested Dsuggesting2意义一致(1)谓语动词用单数的情况 由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念。那个工人兼作家来自武汉。The worker and writer _ from Wuhan.“no/each/every/many a单数名词andno/each/every/many a单数名词”作主语。每一个人都很有理由为他们的父亲所从事的职业感到骄傲。Every man and every woman _ (have) a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers.“one/every one/each/either/the numberof复数名词”作主语。每个学生都有一本书。 Each of the students _ a book.At present, one of the arguments in favor of the new airport that it will bring a lot of jobs to the area. (2009江西高考) Ais Bare Cwill be Dwas由every， any， some， no和one, thing, body等所构成的不定代词作主语。今天每个人都在这儿吗？ _ everybody here today？非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语。早睡早起是一个好的习惯。 To go to bed early and to rise early _ (be) a good habit.无论剩下了什么都被拿走了。Whatever was left _ taken away.他们需要的是书。 What they need _ books.Listening to loud music at rock concerts caused hearing loss in some teenagers. (2010湖南高考) Ais Bare Chas Dhave3就近一致 (1)由or, either .or ., neither . nor ., not only .but also .等连接的