GWD讲义对应阅读练习题.docx

GWD讲义对应阅读练习题讲义P3_P811Q2 to Q4:The fields of antebellumantebellum adj. 战争前的 (pre-CivilWar) political history and womens his-tory use separate sources and focusLineon separate issues. Political histori- (5)ans, examining sources such as votingrecords, newspapers, and politicianswritings, focus on the emergence in the1840s of a new “American politicalnation,” and since women were neither (10)voters nor politicians, they receive littlediscussion. Womens historians, mean-while, have shown little interest in thesubject of party politics, instead draw-ing on personal papers, legal records (15)such as wills, and records of femaleassociations to illuminate womensdomesticdomestic n. 仆人, 佣人; 国货adj. 家庭的, 驯服的, 国内的 lives, their moral reformactivities, and the emergence of thewomans rights movement. (20) However, most historians haveunderestimated负评价 the extent and signifi-cance of womens political allegianceallegiance n （对国家，君主或事业的）忠诚，拥护devotionfealtypiety【例】allegiance to ones native land 忠于自己的祖国give allegiance to 忠诚于【记】leg法律法律应该拥护all leg iance：全是腿如果比尔该死说每人发100万美金，底下一定是群情激愤，举双脚赞成（全是腿）拥护，忠诚读：all立正死，所有人都立正而死忠诚【类】authoritativeness:punditsallegiance:partisans权威的是学者的特征忠诚是党徒的特征renegade:allegianceapostate:faith叛徒不会有忠诚叛教者不会信念in the antebellum period. For example,in the presidential election campaigns (25)of the 1840s, the Virginia Whig partystrove to win the allegiance of Virginiaswomen by inviting them to rallies andspeeches. According to Whig propa-ganda, women who turned out at the (30)partys ralliesrally n.集会；公路汽车赛 v.集合；恢复，振作 gathered informationthat enabled them to mold party-loyalfamilies, reminded men of moral valuesthat transcended party loyalty, and con-ferred moral standing on the party. (35)Virginia Democrats, in response,began to make similar appeals towomen as well. By the mid-1850sthe inclusioninclusionn. 包含; 内含物 of women in the rituals ofparty politics had become common- (40)place, and the ideology that justifiedsuch inclusion had been assimilatedby the Democrats.-Q2:观点题看选项The primary purpose of the passage as a whole is to A. examine the tactics of antebellum political parties with regard to womenB. trace the effect of politics on the emergence of the womans rights movementC. point out a deficiency等于第二段的转折，即第一段观点有缺陷 in the study of a particular historical period词全部在中心体现过，对D. discuss the ideologies意识形态 of opposing antebellum political partiesE. contrast the methodologies方法论 in two differing fields of historical inquiryAnswer: C-Q3:观点原文第二段作者观点 2个以上选项做比较，越相似效率越高：1 更直接意思上更不用改话的The author of the passage would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements regarding most historians of the antebellum period?A. They have failed to adequately contrast观点类用了比较肯定错 the differing roles that women played in the Democratic and Whig parties in the 1850s.B. They have failed to see that political propaganda advocating womens political involvement did not reflect the reality of womens actual roles.C. They have incorrectly assumed that womens party loyalty played a small role in Whig与原文最接近 and Democratic party politics.D. They have misinterpreted descriptions of womens involvement in party politics in records of female associations and womens personal papers.E. They have overlooked the role that womens political activities played in the womans rights movement.Answer: C-Q4 :细节题看原文 有选项没了，对；没有没了的，越相似效率越高比选项According to the second paragraph of the passage (lines 20-42), Whig propaganda included the assertion thatA. women should enjoy more political rights than they didB. women were the most 绝对化词肯定错important influences on political attitudes within a familyC. womens reform activities reminded men of important moral valuesD. womens demonstrations at rallies would influence mens voting behaviorE. womens presence at rallies would enhance the moral standing of the partyAnswer: Q35 to Q37: Citing the fact that the real grossdomestic product (GDP) per capita washigher in 1997 than ever before, someLinejournalists have argued that the United (5)States economy performed ideally in1997. However, the real GDP is almostalways higher than ever before; it fallsonly during recessionsrecession risenn.(经济的)衰退，衰退期. One pointthese journalists overlooked is that in (10)1997, as in the twenty-four years imme-diately preceding it, the real GDP per capita grew nearly one-half percent ayear more slowly than it had on aver-age between 1873 and 1973. Were the (15)1997 economy as robust as claimed,the growth rate of real GDP per capitain 1997 would have surpassed theaverage growth rate of real GDP percapita between 1873 and 1973 because (20)over fifty percent of the populationworked for wages in 1997 whereasonly forty percent worked for wagesbetween 1873 and 1973. If the growthrate of labor productivity (output per (25)hour of goods and services) in 1997had equaled its average growth ratebetween 1873 and 1973 of more thantwo percent, then, given the proportion-ately larger workforce that existed in (30)1997, real GDP per capita in 1997 wouldhave been higher than it actually was,since output is a major factor in GDP.However, because labor productivitygrew by only one percent in 1997, real(35) GDP per capita grew more slowly in1997 than it had on average between1873 and 1973.Q35: 观点 2个以上选项做比较，越相似效率越高：2 错的可能性小（感觉）The passage is primarily concerned with当相似到一定程度，原文失效，选项越相似，效率越高A. comparing various measures used to assess the performance of the United States economy in 1997B. providing evidence that the performance of the United States economy in 1997 was similar to its performance between 1873 and 1973C. evaluating an argument concerning the performance of the United States economy in1997没了D. examining the consequences of a popular misconception about the performance of the United States economy in 1997E. supporting an assertion made by journalists about the performance of the United States economy in 1997Answer: C-Q36: 2个以上选项做比较，越相似效率越高：3 感觉：AB，B是A的必要条件/前提。 一定选BAccording to the passage, which of the following is true of the average rate at which real GDP per capita grew in the twenty-four years immediately before 1997?2个以上选项做比较，越相似效率越高：4 选项中只有一组内容相似，答案一定在里面（出题人只干扰对的选项）A. It was less than it had been between 1873 and 1973 because only forty percent of the population worked for wages between 1873 and 1973.B. It was less than it had been between 1873 and 1973 because labor productivity grew less between 1973 and 1997 than it had between 1873 and 1973.C. It was less than it had been between 1873 and 1973 as a result of an increase in the percentage of the population earning wages during these years.D. It was less than the average rate at which real GDP per capita grew between 1873 and 1973.没了，前3个任何一个对都导致D对，所以选DE. It was less than the rate at which real GDP per capita grew in 1997.Answer: D-Q37:It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following is the reason that the author faults the journalists referred to in line 4?2个以上选项做比较，越相似效率越高：5看到废话就是答案A. They believe that the real GDP per capita in 1997 was higher than the real GDP per capita had ever been before.B. They argue that the rate at which real GDP per capita grew in 1997 was faster than the average rate at which it had grown between 1873 and 1973.C. They overestimate the effect of labor productivity on the real GDP per capita in 1997.D. They overestimate the amount by which real GDP per capita in 1997 surpassed real GDP per capita in earlier years.E. They fail to consider问题问错误，不正确认为是废话吗不是驳斥不进脑子都没了。 the real GDP per capita in 1997 within an appropriate historical context.Answer: EQ24 to Q27: Anole lizard species thatoccur together (sympatrically)on certain Caribbean islandsLineoccupy different habitats: (5)some live only in the grass,some only on tree trunks, andsome only on twigs. Thesespecies also differ morpho-logically: grass dwellers are (10)slender with long tails, treedwellers are stocky with longlegs, twig dwellers are slenderbut stubby-legged. What isstriking about these lizards (15)is not that coexisting speciesdiffer in morphology形态 and habi-tat use (such differences arecommon among closely relatedsympatric species), but that (20)the same three types of habi-tat specialists occur on eachof four islands: Puerto Rico,Cuba, Hispaniola, and Jamaica.Moreover, the Puerto Rican (25)twig species closely resemblesthe twig species of Cuba,Hispaniola, and Jamaica inmorphology, habitat use, and behavior. Likewise同样地, the spe- (30)cialists for other habitats aresimilar across the islands. The presence of similarspecies on different islandscould be variously explained. (35) An ancestral species mighthave adapted to exploit aparticular ecological niche onone island and then traveledover water to colonize other (40)islands. Or this ancestralspecies might have evolvedat a time when the islandswere connected, which someof these islands may once (45)have been. After the islandsseparated, the isolated lizardpopulations would have becomedistinct species while alsoretaining their ancestors niche (50)adaptations. Both of thesescenarios imply that speciali-zation to each niche occurredonly once. Alternatively, eachspecialist could have arisen (55)independently on each of theislands. If each type of specialistevolved just once, then similarspecialists on different islands (60)would be closely related.Conversely, if the specialistsevolved independently on eachisland, then a specialist on oneisland would be more closely (65)related to other types of anoleson the same islandregardlessof their ecological nichesthan it would be to a similarspecialist on a different island. (70) Biologists can infer howspecies are related evolu-tionarily by comparing DNAsequences for the same genesin different species. Species (75)with similar DNA sequencesfor these genes are generallymore closely related to eachother than to species with less-similar DNA sequences. DNA(80) evidence concerning the anolesanole n. 变色龙, 变色蜥led researchers to concludethat habitat specialists on oneisland are not closely relatedto the same habitat specialists(85) elsewhere, indicating that spe-cialists evolved independentlyon each island.Q24: The primary purpose of the passage is toA. describe some unusual features of anole lizard speciesB. account for a particular type of behavior found among anole lizard speciesC. contrast two types of evidence that have been used to support a particular hypothesis concerning anole lizard speciesD. explain how researchers resolved a particular scientific question concerning anole lizard species都是虚的，是个问题就是科学问题没了E. examine different explanations for a particular trait common to certain anole lizard speciesAnswer: D-Q25: Which of the following best describes the purpose of the sentence in lines 13-23 (“What is Jamaica”)?A. It raises a question about why coexisting anole lizard species occupy the different types of habitats mentioned in the first sentence.B. It introduces a fact about anole lizard species that the passage will go on to explore.没了C. It identifies a particular aspect of anole lizard behavior that distinguishes anoles from other lizard species.D. It explains why one aspect of anole lizard species habitat use has been difficult to account for.E. It points out a surprising relationship between morphology and habitat use that is explained in the concluding paragraph.Answer: B-Q26: It can be inferred form the passage that which of the following is true of the Cuban tree-dwelling anole lizard and the Jamaican tree-dwelling anole lizard?2个以上选项做比较，越相似效率越高：6 两个选项相斥，中间有一个是答案（内容一样，但信息相反）A. They share a morphology characterized by stocky bodies and long legs.B. They have bodies that are relatively slender compared to their stubby legs.C. They differ significantly form one another in size.D. They differ significantly from one another in behavior and habitat use.E. They are genetically closely related to one another.Answer: -Q27: The passage suggests that if a grass-dwelling anole lizard species evolved on one island and then traveled over water to colonize a second island, the grass-dwelling anoles on the two islands would eventually细节题选项不相似找 本题选项相似可以找A. develop very different DNA sequencesB. develop into different species that are more distantly related to each other than to tree- and twig-dwelling anoles on their own islandsC. come to differ significantly from one another in habitat useD. develop into different, but closely related, speciesE. evolve significant morphological differencesAnswer: DQ20 to 23: Recently biologists have beeninterested in a tide潮汐-associatedperiodic behavior displayed byLinethe diatom Hantzschia virgata, a (5)microscopic golden-brown alga that inhabits that portion of a shoreline washed by tides (the intertidal zone).Diatoms of this species, sometimescalled “commuter” diatoms, remain (10)burrowed in the sand during hightide, and emerge on the sand sur-face during the daytime low tide.Just before the sand is inundated bythe rising tide, the diatoms burrow (15)again. Some scientists hypothesizethat commuter diatoms know that itis low tide because they sense anenvironmental change, such as analteration in temperature or a change (20)in pressure caused by tidal move-ment. However, when diatoms areobserved under constant conditionsin a laboratory, they still displayperiodic behavior, continuing to bur- (25)row on schedule for several weeks.This indicates that commuter diatoms, rather than relying on environmentalcues to keep time, possess an internal pacemaker or biological clock (30)that enables them to anticipate peri-odic changes in the environment.A commuter diatom has an unusu-ally accurate biological clock, aconsequence of the unrelenting (35) environmental pressures to whichit is subjected; any diatoms that donot burrow before the tide arrivesare washed away. This is not to suggest that the (40)period of this biological clock isimmutably fixed. Biologists haveconcluded that even though adiatom does not rely on the envi-ronment to keep time, environmental (45)factorsincluding changes in thetides hydrostatic pressure, salin-ity, mechanical agitation, andtemperaturecan alter the periodof its biological clock according to (50)changes in the tidal cycle. In short,the relation between an organismsbiological clock and its environmentis similar to that between a wristwatch and its owner: the owner cannot (55)make the watch run faster or slower, but can reset the hands. However, this relation is complicated in intertidal潮间带的dwellers such as commuter diatomsby the fact that these organisms are (60)exposed to the solar-day cycle aswell as to the tidal cycle, and some-times display both solar-day andtidal periods in a single behavior.Commuter diatoms, for example, (65)emerge only during those low tidesthat occur during the day.-Q20: The passage suggests which of the following about the accuracy of the commuter diatoms biological clock? 全文说周期不是精确性细节题A. The accuracy of the commuter diatoms biological clock varies according to changes in the tidal cycle.B. The unusual accuracy that characterizes the commuter diatoms biological clock is rare among intertidal species.C. The commuter diatoms biological clock is likely to be more accurate than the biological clock of a species that is subject to less intense environmental pressures.是比较，但不知道是不是观点，所以不能扔D. The commuter diatoms biological clock tends to be more accurate than the biological clocks of most other species because of the consistency of the tidal cycle.E. The accuracy of the commuter diatoms biological clock tends to fluctuate when the diatom is observed under variable laboratory conditions.Answer: CCDE,DE都是环境，C更好-Q21: Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about the effect of the solar-day cycle on the tide-associated periodic behavior displayed by commuter diatoms?A. The solar-day cycle makes this behavior less advantageous to the commuter diatoms at certain times of the year.B. The solar-day cycle makes this behavior somewhat more erratic.C. The solar-day cycle makes this behavi