主从复合句中时态的一致.doc

主从复合句中时态的一致主要有以下几种情况：【主将从现】在以when，after，as soon as等引导的时间状语从句以及以if，unless等引导的条件状语从句中，如果主句是一般将来时，从句则用一般现在时。Ill tell her the good news when she comes back.当她回来的时候，我将把这个好消息告诉她。 If it doesnt rain, he will come here on time.如果不下雨，他会按时来这儿的。如果主句是祈使句，那么从句通常要用一般现在时。如：Dont laugh at me when I make a mistake. 我犯错误的时候不要笑话我。如果主句是含有情态动词的一般现在时，根据需要从句多用一般现在时。 如：You should be quiet when you are in the reading room.在阅览室时应保持安静。【主过从过】在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中，当主句的谓语动词为过去时态时，从句须用表示过去的某种时态。例如：He asked when they would go to the party. 他问他们什么时候将去参加聚会。 Miss Green said she had been to Beijing before. 格林小姐说她以前曾经去过北京。【主现从任】在宾语从句中，当主句的时态为一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时等时态时，后面从句时态不受主句限制，可根据情况，选用各种适合的时态。例如： Do you know when well have a football match?你知道我们什么时候举行足球赛吗？ You know he has gone to Shanghai.你知道他已去上海了。“时态后移”(tense backshift)”，指的是复合句中的主句动词为过去时或过去完成时时，其从句动词如为陈述语气，则时态应作相应的后移，以便与主句动词在时间上取得逻辑上的呼应，即从句动词现在时应后移为过去时；过去时应后移为过去完成时。The staff members were asked to arrive a few minutes earlier before the meeting started.(这里before从句可用完成时态吗？)before从句的过去完成时都是属于虚拟语气，表示从句事件都没有实现。The bell rang before we had finished our workI met George before he had heard the newsTom called to see me before l had had breakfastThe thief was caught before he had disposed of t11e sto1en goods在语义上，这四句分别等价于：When the bell rang，we had not finished our workWhen l met George，he had not heard the newsWhen Tom called to see me ，I had not had br