情态动词.doc

高三英语语法专题讲练情态动词编制人： 审核人： 序号：8 班级: 姓名: 小组:情态动词表示说话人的语气和情绪，本身词义不全，不能单独作谓语，后面必须与动词原形一起构成谓语。情态动词没有人称和数的变化，有的情态动词有过去式。常见的情态动词有can, could, may, might, must, have to, shall, should, will, would, ought to, need, dare等。一. 情态动词的基本用法（一）can，could1.表示体力或脑力(知识、技能)所产生的能力。He could read books in English when he was only five.他只有五岁的时候就会读英文书籍了。2.表示客观的可能性 Anybody can make mistakes.任何一个人都有可能犯错误。3.表示请求建议，用could 比 can语气更委婉 (回答用原形)Could you be here at eight oclock tomorrow morning? 4.表示允许、许可，用could 比 can更委婉客气。Could/Can I borrow your reference books? 我可以借用一下你的参考书吗？5.否定句、疑问句和感叹句中，表示怀疑、惊异、不相信的态度。Can it be true? 难道这是真的？ You cant be serious! 你怕不是在开玩笑吧！Oh, dear, what on earth can this mean? 哎呀，亲爱的，这究竟是意味着什么？6.表经过努力而成功地办到某事，用be able to,这里be able to 相当于succeed in 或 manage toThe fire spread the building quickly but everybody was able to escape.注意：be able to比can有更多的形式变化,在将来时和完成时中只能用be able to When he grows up, he will be able to support his family.他长大后就能养家了。Frank is ill. He hasnt been able to go to school for one week.弗兰克病了，已经一周没去上学了。Im sorry for not being able to help you in time.对不起，不能及时帮你的忙。3.惯用形式“can not (cant)/nevertoo/over/enough”。表示“无论怎么也不(过分)”，用来加强语气 如You can not be too careful.你无论怎么小心都不为过（你越小心越好）。（二）may, might1.表示允许、请求。 “Might I？”比“May I？”语气更为委婉和有礼貌。“May I ？”的否定回答常用cant或mustnt，表示“不可以，禁止”。肯定回答用can2. 表示可能性，表示“或许”，“大概”。用于肯定句或否定句中，用might 比 may语气更加不肯定。He may be very busy these days.这些天也许他很忙。He might come tomorrow.明天他也许要来3.惯用形式 may (might)as well动词原形：不妨做If that is the case, we may as well try.如果情况是这样的话，我们不妨试试看。4.表示期望或祝愿May the friendship between our two peoples last forever!（三）must, have to1.must表“必须“时，否定式为neednt ，或dont have to ,而不是mustnt（禁止，不准）。Everybody must obey the rules. 人人都得遵守规则。You mustnt speak like that to your mother. 不准你那样对你母亲说话。 Must I be home before eight oclock? 八点之前我必须回家吗？ Yes, you must.是的，必须的。 No, you neednt./No, you dont have to.不，没必要/不必啦。2.must表示有把握的推测，意为“一定，肯定”，用于肯定句中。You must be hungry after the long walk.跑了这么远的路，你一定是饿了。Home cooking must be more delicious.家常菜一定更可口。3. must是说话人的主观看法， 而have to则强调客观需要，表示“必须，不得不”，能用于更多时态(过去式和将来式)The students today will have to know how to use computers.现在的学生必须懂得如何用电脑。As he had his leg broken, he had to lie in bed.由于腿断了，他不得不躺在床上。（四）will，would1.用于各种人称，表示意愿或决心。will指现在，would则指过去I will do my best to help you.我愿意尽力帮助你。They said that they would help us.他们说他们愿意尽力帮助我们。2.用于第二人称的疑问句中表示有礼貌的询问和请求，would 比 will更委婉。Would you pass me the book?请把那本书递给我，好吗？ Yes, I will.好的。Will you please give him a message when you see him? 你见到他时给他带个口信，好吗？3.表示习惯性、经常性、倾向性，意为“总是”，“惯于”。Fish will die without water.He would come to see me on Sunday when he was in Beijing.。（五）shall, should和ought to1.shall用于第一、第三人称作主语的疑问句中，表示征求对方（听话者）的意见What shall we do this evening? 我们今天晚上做什么呢？ Shall he come in? 他可以进来吗？2.should 表示“应该”，表义务，责任，也可表示劝告，建议 You should keep your promise.你应该信守诺言。3.ought to表示责任和义务，意为“应该”，语气比 should强；还可表推测You ought to obey your parents when they are right.You have practiced for a long time. There ought to be no difficulty for you. (六)need，dare1.need作情态动词表示“需要”，“必要”。通常用于否定句、疑问句、条件句中，且有现在时，其他时态用“have to”的相应形式代替You neednt come tomorrow. 你明天没必要来了。 Need he come now? 他现在就需要来吗？ Yes, he must. 是的，必须来。/ No, he neednt / he doesnt have to.不必啦。2. dare作情态动词表示“敢于”，用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中。She dare not go there.How dare he do such a thing? If he dare come, I will kick him out. 3.dare和 need作实义动词用时， 有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句中，dare后面常接带to的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中，dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。而need后面只能接带to的不定式。need若主语为动作承受者时用动词ing形式表示被动意义或用不定式的被动形式。I dare to swim across this river. He doesnt dare (to) answer.He needs to finish his homework today.The house needs repairing. =The house needs to be repaired.这栋房子需要修理。二情态动词+have done的用法1.could+have done：过去本可以/能做而实际上未能做You could have done better, but you didnt try your best. 你本来能做得更好的，但你没有尽力。2.cannot+have done：表示对过去行为的否定推测He cannot have been to that town. 他不可能去过那个小镇。3.can+主语+have done：（用于疑问句）表示对过去行为的怀疑或不肯定Can he have got the book? 他可能得到那本书了吗？4.might(may)+ have done：对过去发生的行为不太肯定的推测He may not have finished the work. 他可能没有完成工作。If we had taken the other road, we might have arrived earlier. 如果我们走另一条路，我们可能更早地到达了。5.must+have done：对过去发生的行为肯定的推测。其否定式为：cannot have doneYou must have seen the film. 你肯定看过那部电影。You cannot have seen the film. 你不可能看过那部电影。6. neednt+have done：本来不必要做的而实际上又做了You neednt have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.你本没必要浇花，因为就要下雨了。注意：didnt need to(have to)do :没有必要做而实际上也没有做I didnt need to clean the windows. My sister did it 2 hours ago.我没必要擦窗户。我姐姐两小时前刚擦过。7. should(ought to)+ have done：本该做而实际上没有做。其否定表某行为不该发生却发生了。You should have started earlier, but you didnt. 你应该早点开始的，但是你没有。She shouldnt have taken away my dictionary, for I wanted to use it.他本不应该拿走我的字典的，因为我现在需要它。cant/couldnt.too加形容词或副词的原级表示最高级的含义。I couldnt agree more.我非常赞同。=I cant agree too much.一多项选择1.（2014安徽卷）30People are recycling many things which they away in the past.A. had thrown B. will be throwing C. were throwing D. would have thrown2.（2014大纲卷）30. Although you _ find bargains in London, its not generally a cheap place to shop. A. should B. need C. must D. can 3.（2014湖南卷）25. Ive prepared all kinds of food for the picnic.Do you mean we_ bring anything with us?A. cant B. mustntC. shant D. neednt4.（2014江苏卷）31. It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, bring me food.A. might B. wouldC. should D. could5.（2014陕西卷）25. My book, The House of Hales, is missing. Who _ have taken it?A. need B. must C. should D. could 6.（2014四川卷）6. I still remember my happy childhood when my mother _ take me to Disneyland at weekends. A. might B. must C. would D. should7.（2014重庆卷 ）3. Ive ordered some pizza, so we _ worry about cooking when we get home tired. A. cant B. dare not C. neednt D. may mot8.【2013湖南】32.He_sleep,althoughhetriedto,whenhegotonsuchahuntforanideauntilhehadcaughtit. A.wouldnt B.shouldntC.couldntD.mustnt9.【2013辽宁】31.Harryisfeelinguncomfortable.He _toomuchatthepartylastnight.A.coulddrinkB.shoulddrink C.wouldhavedrunkD.musthavedrunk10.【2013陕西】21.Thechildrenlostinthewoods;otherwise,theywouldhavebeenatthelakesidecampasscheduled. A.musthavegotB.mustgetC.shouldhavegotD.shouldget11.【2013四川】5.Whyareyoureyessored?You_havesleptwelllastnight.Yeah,Istayeduplatewritingareport. A.cantB.mustntC.needntD.wont12.【2013天津】9.Noonebemoregenerous;hehasaheartofgold.A.couldB.mustC.dareD.need13.【2013新课标I卷】29.Thedoor open,nomatterhowhardshepushed.A.shouldnt B.couldnt C.wouldnt D.mightnt14.【2013浙江】3.I_myselfmoreitwasaperfectday.A.shouldnthaveenjoyedB.neednthaveenjoyedC.wouldnthaveenjoyedD.couldnthaveenjoyed15.【2013安徽】34.Itbethevocabularythatcausedyou the problem in the exercise becauseyouknowalotofwords. A.mayB.couldntC.shouldD.neednt二完成句子1. 【2014湖北】77.You_themeetingtotellmethat;you could have cometotellmeafterwards.(interrupt)你不该打断会议来告诉我那件事，你本可以会后告诉我。2. 【2013湖北】80. Most believe he _ for England last week, but for a serious injury which put him out of football. (play)多数人认为，