英语四六级考试 书信写作.doc

第七章 书信写作书信体的写作虽然在历年的四六级考试中所占的比重不高，但是，在近两年的考试中，连续考到了两次，而且，纵观历年考试，我们不难发现现在四六级写作考试总的趋势是应用性增强，所以值得考生格外关注。考生有必要熟悉这一应用文文体的写作。一、书信的写作格式在现实生活中，书信的右上角应当写发信人的地址，而左上角应当写收信人的地址(在正式文体中)，然后是称呼、正文、落款：但是，在四六级考试中，地址是不必写的，即使写上也不计字数，所以考生只要从称呼写起就可以了，在日常生活中，书信的格式是多种多样的，而这里谈的是应试策略，所以，我们只介绍看上去比较清晰的一种格式。 称呼四六级考试写作的书信分为两种情况，因此称呼也应该相应地分为两种情况。第一类书信是写给某个团体、组织或机构的。这类书信在称呼上又分为两种情况，一种情况是题目设置的场景表明写信人并不认识该团体、组织或机构的负责人，称呼语可以是Dear Sir(s)或者Dear Sir or Madam。因为在写信时你并不知道该负责人是男性还是女性，所以如果你用Dear Sir or Madam，会显得你考虑周全，其交际功能就更加完整。另外一种情况是题目设置的场景表明写信人有可能知道该团体、组织或机构的负责人，这时，你最好写上某某先生或某某女士或某某教授等等，注意不能只称其名。第二类书信是写给个人的，其中也包括两种情况：一是写信人认识收信人，但是与其关系不是很亲密，比如说你是一名学生，对学校食堂不甚满意，你想写封信给学校校长反映这一情况，这时，你就不可能写Dear Sir or Madam，因为这显得不合情理，因为你是学校的学生，你竟然不知道你的学校校长是男性还是女性。此外，这还是一封比较正式的信，所以称呼就应该是：Dear President。另外一种信是写给朋友的，写信人与收信人的关系较为亲密，如果使用Dear John Smith这种称呼也是不合乎情理的，这就应当直呼其名，例如：Dear Mary或者Dear Jack。正文正文是书信文体中最重要的：部分，它可以分为三个部分：开头段、正文段和结尾段。本书将在分类书信中进行逐一讲解；落款四六级考试中往往不需要考生自己写落款。但是掌握落款的书写还是相当重要的。最常用的落款是：Yours Sincerely，这种落款方式使用于各种关系的人之间，既可以是朋友之间，也可以是上下级之间。值得注意的是落款格式应与称呼相对应；这种常识性的东西最能反映出一个人的写作修养，考生应当特别注意。(参照下表)其他在四六级考试中，考生还应当注意一点，书信落款处一般不写祝福语，但如果写信人与收信人是朋友关系，在正文与落款之间可以写一句问候语。写给团体机构或未曾谋面的人就不需要问候语，常用的问候语有：Best regards，Best wishes，或是With lots of love。此外，在四六级写作的书信中也不必写日期，因为书信的目的是考查学生能否用这种形式进行有效的交流，而不是考查考生对书信格式的掌握程度，只要基本格式正确就可以了。称呼落款假如你不知道收信人的姓名Dear Sir (s)，Dear Madam，Dear Sir or Madam，Yours Faithfully，假如此人是你的好朋友Dear Mr. Smith，Dear MsSmith，Dear DrSmith，Dear ProfSmithYours Sincerely假如此人是你的好朋友Dear Mary，Dear MikeBest regards，Best wishesLove二、书信写作注意事项 语言原则书信写作中主要涉及两种文体风格，一是正式文体，二是非正式文体。在写给团体机构及负责人的书信中一般来说应当使用正式的语言，在写给朋友的书信中则要使用非正式的语言，主要是一些缩略形式和口语表达法。例l(正式语言)Dear Mr.Smith，I am writing to you just to tell you how much l appreciate the warm welcome you extended to my wife when she visited your country last weekThe help and advice you gave her，and the introductions you arranged for her，have resulted in a number of very useful meetings and I should like you to know how very grateful I am for all you have done to make them possibleI realize the value of time to a busy person like you and this makes me all the more appreciative of the time you so generously gave to herYours Sincerely，Michael Jackson 例2(非正式语言)Dear Danny，How are you getting on in Harvard? I hope everything is going well and you are enjoying studiesI am writing to ask you for some information as I am planning to come and study in the US next yearI have applied to Harvard to take the course in FinanceCould you tell me what l have to do to obtain a study visa and how long it will take? The university said that I also have to take out in durance before l come to the USHow do I do this? I d be grateful if you could give me this informationI would also be thankful if you could tell me what I should bring with me，for example，clothes，books，or anything else I cannot get in the US I am sure that studying in a college overseas has not been without at least some problems with youAdapting to a new culture and environment was probably also a tough jobHave you had any problems that I should watch out for? I d appreciate any advice you can give meMany thanksBest regards， Bob 写作步骤a分析问题当考生拿到书信写作题目日寸，首先应该看清题目，找出主题，这一步骤是必不可少的，然后，通过题目了解写信对象是谁，从而决定你写信时的语气。接着，考生还应该对写信目的做出判断。b确定基本框架当考生知道了写信的主题、对象、目的时，就应该记下可能重要的信息。对于这个问题，本书将针对不同的写信目的在以下的章节中逐一攻克。c正式写作过程按提纲写作d修改成文考生完成写作之后，一定要进行proof-reading(修改)。考生首先应该检查写的内容是否有遗漏，是否覆盖了必要的信息；其次是检查段落结构，条理是否清楚主题是否突出；最后通读全篇，修改语法、拼写和标点符号等错误。三、书信写作范文解析范文(一)(CET46 20021)Directions：For this part，you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic：A Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service on CampusYou should write at least 120 words，and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below：假设你是李明，请你就本校食堂的状况给校长写一封信，内容应涉及食堂的饭菜质量、价格、环境、服务等，可以是表扬，可以是批评建议，也可以兼而有之。January 12th，2002Dear Mr.President，I am a sophomore majoring in Civic EngineeringI am writing to you to say something about the canteen service on campusOn the whole，students are somewhat satisfied with the canteen serviceFor one thing，the canteen is beautifully decorated，clean，bright and spacious，which definitely impresses students at first sight，thus making it a pleasant place for students to have dinner inFor another，the canteen staff are always friendly，fairly enthusiastic and willing to help studentsOnce one student fell on the ground and got seriously injured，and several members of staff took him to hospital without the slightest hesitationThere，however，do exist some problems that require solvingIn the first place，what students are most concerned about is the prices of dishes as most of students are largely dependent on their parents in terms of daily expensesThe comparatively high price is the biggest barrier to students having a delicious meal with sufficient nutrition，which surely will contribute to our ineffectiveness in our studiesThus it is advisable that the canteen should cut down on the price so as to guarantee that every student can afford a delectable and nutritious dietIn the second place，some students complain that there is hardly any diversity in dishesIn this case，students appetite is spoiledSometimes，they would rather have some bread than the same dishes in the canteenIt would be desirable that more variety should be added to dishesStudents live on campus and the school is referred to as their homeTherefore，it is important that the school should be made a comfortable place where students can enjoy a happy life and acquire much knowledgeWe students look forward to a day when we will have a delicious food at a reasonable price Yours， Li Ming范文解析：文章在首段中首先开门见山地表明写信目的：反映一些关于学校食堂的事情。在这段中，作者还先自我介绍了一下，提供了背景信息，这一点也不容忽视。在第二段中，文章着重讲了学生对食堂满意的地方在哪里。这里，文章主要从两个方面进行阐述，即食堂环境和服务。在写作过程中，作者使用了诸如“for one thing 和“for another 等表示列举的过渡词，使文章显得脉络清晰，条理结构一目了然。同时，作者在描写第二个优点时，用实例加以佐证，使内容显得充实。第三段中，文章着重阐述了食堂还需改进的地方。首先，作者使用了“however 起到一种很好的承上启下的作用，使得整个篇章显得连贯紧凑。这里，文章同样从两个方面进行阐述，即价格和饭菜的多样性。文章在提出食堂不足的地方之后马上提出建议，这是一种很有效的方法建议法。最后，文章进行了总结归纳，提出学校作为学生的家理应将它建成一个生活学习的好天地。同时，作者还表明了自己希望有一天能享受一顿既便宜又美味的饭菜的期望。总之，从书信体的结构考虑来看，这篇文章绝对是值得考生学习的典范。而且，从语言角度来看，这篇文章同样可以成为典范。文章中，作者使用了许多很好的词和词组，比如：enthusiastic，delectable，be largely dependent on，be concerned about，diversity，add variety to 等等。此外，各种各样的句式结构和从句的使用更加为这篇文章增色不少。范文(二)(CET46 20016)Directions：For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letterSuppose you aye Zhang YingWrite a letter to Ciao Wang，a schoolmate of yours who is going to visit you during the week-long holiday You should write at least 100 words according to the suggestions given (in Chinese)below： 1表示欢迎 2提出度假安排的建议 3提醒应注意的事项June 23，2001Dear Xiao Wang，Words failed me to express my excitement when I learned that you Would like to spend your holiday together With meIt has been three years since we graduated from high schoolI miss you so much that I even can t wait to see youNow that it will be the first time you visit Beijing，I am sure that your journey will be exciting，rewarding and full of a lot of funI ve made a rough plan for this holiday as followsOn the first day you arrive here，I will show you around our new campusEspecially，I will take you to visit our newly-built modern libraryDuring the second three days，we d better go sightseeing around Beijing We can visit some famous scenic spots and historical sites，such as Summer Palace，the Forbidden City，the Great Wall，etcOn the fifth day，we can visit the Beijing Zoo，since you are quite interested in wild animalsThe next day，we can do some shoppingThere are many splendid markets and plazas in BeijingOn the last day，you can have a good rest before setting offIf there is anything inconvenient for you in this plan，please let me know immediatelyBy the way，since lots of people will go traveling in this holiday，it must be crowded on the trainSo you should take care of your luggageBring more clothes with you because Beijing is much colder than Kunming at this timeAnd don t forget to tell me when you will arrive so that Ill pick you up at the airport I am looking forward to your reply and wish you a god journey Yours， Zhang Ying范文解析：首先，这是一封朋友之间的书信，所以作者采用一种非正式的语言。文章在首段中首先表达了自己得知朋友要来激动的心情，这里作者并没有简简单单地使用glad或者pleased等词来描述她的心情，而是使用了这样一个结构：Words failed me to express my excitement when I learned that you would like to spend your holiday together with me足见作者的写作功底。同时，作者使用了一些必要的背景信息，使得文章内容丰富饱满。此外，作者在用词方面也是精雕细琢的。在第二段中，文章着重讲了度假的安排。这里，作者使用了时间上的层次结构，第一天的安排，第二天、第三天的安排，最后一天的安排，使文章显得条理清楚、层次分明。第三段中，作者使用了“by the way”起到很好的承上启下的作用，使得整个篇章显得连贯紧凑。接着，作者提醒她的朋友应该注意的地方，如：注意行李、御寒的衣服等。最后，作者再一次表达欢迎之意并成功收尾。总之，这篇文章结构还是很明晰的，脉络也是很清楚的。从语言角度来看，因为受文章内容的限制，亮点词语和结构并不多，但还是有的，比如：I miss you so much that I can t wait to see you，rewarding，show you around，go sightseeing，splendid，look for ward to等等。四、书信作文分类讲解1投诉信当你希望某事得到改善或者某个问题得到补救时，往往会写投诉信。 写作策略 开头段：说明与收信人的相关性，并表明写作意图。主体段：写明投诉的原因，要展开说明，可以说具体的理由，也可以说问题的具体体现方式，比如，表达你对此事 所带来不便的感受、心情。此外，提出你对如何改进或者解决问题的建议，清楚表明你希望问题如何得到解决。结尾段：表达你希望上述问题得到迅速解决的强烈愿望，并对有关人员做出的努力表示感谢，希望尽快得到满意的答复。常用句型1I am writing to you to complain about我现写信向你投诉有关2I am writing to express my dissatisfaction with我现写信向你表达对的不满。3I am afraid that I have to inform you that 我很遗憾地告诉你4I am completely disappointedupset to find一 当我发现，我感到非常的失望(伤心)。5There are some problems withthat I wish to bring to your attentionIn the first place，In the second place， 我希望你注意到在方面的一些问题。一方面，；另一方面，6To reverse this situation，it is advisabledesirablerecommendedsuggested that 为了扭转局势，建议7. To improve the situation，it is advisable to take the following measuresFor one thing，For another， 为了改善局面，建议采取以下措施。其，；其二，8I sincerely hope that it will review its management system，with the view to (doing) 我真诚地希望能检讨自己的管理方式，以便9I look forward to a day when we could 我期盼着有一天我们能够10I do hope that the problems will be solved as soon as possible 我希望问题可以尽早得以解决。11I hope my suggestions will be taken into consideration to improve the situation 我希望你们能够考虑一下我的建议以便改善局面。12If it is not properly settled，I would like to demand a refund，or would complain to the Consumers Association如果此事未能妥善得到解决，我要求你们退款，否则，我将向消协投诉。13It is high time that 该是的时候了。14We believe that you will take this matter seriously from now on and make every effort to prevent its recurrence 我们相信你们从现在起会认真对待这件事情的，并努力避免此事的再次发生。2询问信询问信的主要目的是寻求所需的信息或帮助。 写作策略开头段：表明写作意图，说明写这封信的目的是寻求什么样的信息或帮助：主体段：询问具体问题，强调所需信息的重要性。结尾段：表达获取信息的强烈愿望，提供联系方法以便收信人与你联系，并对有关人员表示感谢。常用句型1I would like to inquire about some information about我想询问有关的一些情况。2I would like some detailed information on我想得到有关的详细资料。3I shall be grateful if you could have details concerningavailable如果您能为我提供有关的详细情况，我将不胜感激。4I am writing to you in the hope that I may obtain 我写信给您，希望得到有关的资料。5I would be grateful if you would be so kind as to provide me with certain essential information with regard to the following aspects 如果您能为我提供有关下列方面的信息，我将不胜感激。6Would you be so kind as to let me know 您能否告诉我?7I am greatly concerned about 我很关心8I would be much obliged to you if you could inform me of 如果您能通知我有关的详细情况，我将不胜感激。9Your prompt and favorable attention to my inquiry would be greatly appreciated 如果您能尽快给我个满意的答复，我将不胜感激。10I am looking forward to a favorable reply at your earliest convenience 我期待着您的早日答复。3道歉信 道歉信的主要目的是向收信人表明歉意，请求对方对自己的某种过失表示谅解。写作策略开头段：表明写作意图，对某事表示歉意。主体段：说明道歉的具体原因。结尾段：再次表明歉意，请求收信人的谅解，并表示你愿意为此做补救。常用句型1I must apologize to you for我必须为向你道歉。2I am terriblyawfully sorry that我感到很抱歉，因为3It is thoughtlessinconsiderate of me to do我做，实在太欠考虑了。4I am afraid what I have done has caused many inconveniences to you恐怕我给您添了许多麻烦。5I sincerely hope that you can understand that I offended you unintentionally我真心希望您能理解我并非有意冒犯你的。6I regret to inform you that I am unable to do我很遗憾地告知您我不能7I must make a sincere and humble apology to you for我必须为真诚地向你道歉。8Please accept my sincere apology foronce more请再次为接受我真诚的道歉。9I sincerely hope that you will kindly accept my apologies我衷心希望你能接受我的道歉。10I am so sorry to have put you to so much trouble不好意思给你添了很多麻烦。4感谢信感谢信的主要目的是向收信人表明感激之情。写作策略开头段：表明写作意图，向对方表示诚挚的谢意。主体段：高度评价对方的帮助，列举为何对对方心存感激。结尾段：再次表明感谢。 常用句型1I am grateful/obliged to you for我非常感谢你的2I am greatly indebted to you for what you have done 我为你所做的一切表示感激。3I am thankfulobliged to you for your unselfish assistance during 感谢你在期间给予我无私的帮助。4I deeply appreciate your courtesy and we hope to have the opportunity of rewarding your kindness 我非常感谢你的好意，并希望有机会回报你。5I take this opportunity to express my deep appreciation of your kind help you rendered me 我借此机会对你所给予我的帮助表示深深的感谢。6It was kind and generous of you to do this for me，and I appreciate it more than I can say你为我这样做真是太好了，我感激不尽。7My appreciation to you for your generous help is beyond my wordsI wish I could repay it some day我无法用言语来表达对你的感激之情。但愿有朝一日能回报你的帮助。8Please accept my most cordial thanks for your timely help，which I will never forget请接受我诚挚的谢意，感谢你及时的帮助，我将难以忘怀。9Words fail me when I want to express my gratitude to you感激之情难以言表。10Again，I would like to express our warm thanks to you再次向你表示感谢。5邀请信邀请信的主要目的是向收信人发出邀请，请求对方参与或出席某活动。写作策略开头段：表明写作意图，向某人发出邀请。主体段：说明邀请的具体原因，邀请的内容。结尾段：表示强烈的期盼，并希望尽快得到答复。 常用句型1I am pleased to invite you to participate into be held fromto.in我很高兴邀请你参加从到在举行的活动。2It is my pleasurea great honor for me to invite you to如能邀请你参加是我莫大的荣幸。3It is my pleasure to extend an invitation to you to go traveling with me我很高兴邀请你和我一起去旅游。4I hope that you won t decline my invitation 我希望你不会拒绝我的邀请。5I will cover all the expenses involved我会负责有关费用。6We were wondering if the session could consist of我们想知道会议是否可以包括7Would you please let me know as soon as possible if you can accept my invitation? 你能否早日告诉我是否能接受我的邀请?8If you accept we shall，of course，pay you a fee plus expenses。 如果你能够接受，我们当然会支付你一定的报酬和费用。9I do hope you will be able to accept our invitation 我确实希望你能够接受我的邀请。10Do you agree to，my arrangement? If you could prefer different arrangements，we shall fit in with them你同意我的安排吗?如果你有不同的安排，我们将配合你。11I am looking forward to your reply，and eventually，seeing you 我期盼着你的来信，并希望能见到你。6求职信求职信的主要目的是写信人就某一职位向收信人提出请求. 写作策略开头段：表明信息来源，并说明写作意图.主体段：介绍相关工作经历、学习经历以及个人本性，以表明你可以胜任这个职位。结尾段：表示强烈的期盼，并希望尽快得到答复。 常用句型1I have read your advertisement inof June 26 for a secretary，and should be grateful if you consider me favorably as a candidate for the position我看到贵公司于6月26日在上所登的招聘秘书的广告，如果您能考虑本人对本工作的申请，我将不胜感激.2I wish to apply for the position ofwhich you advertised inon June 26 通过贵公司于6月26日在上所登的广告，得悉贵公司正在招聘。我希望应聘此职。3I am very interested in exploring the possibility of obtaining a post as a(n)with your firm 本人希望能在贵公司觅得一份的工作。4I am keen to apply for a job vacancy with your company 本人非常想应聘贵公司的一个职位。5I shall be pleased to furnish you with any further information concerning my education and work experience我很乐意为您提供更多有关我的学历和工作经历的情况。6In response toIn reply to your advertisement，I wish to apply for， 我现拟应征贵公司招聘的职位。7I graduated with a BA degreea Master s degreea Doctorate degree infromin(year) 我于年从大学毕业，并已获得专业的学士学位(硕士学位、博士学位)。8I believe that I am well qualified，both psychologically and academically，for the post 我认为我无论在学业还是心理素质方面都能胜任该职位。9I am fairly experiencedproficientcompetentskillful in 我擅长于10I have a fair mastery ofhave a good command of 我精通11I am available for an interview any momentPlease contact me atI can be reached at 我随时可以接受面试，请打号码与我联系。12If you have any position available，please grant me a job in terriesThank you for your time and consideration 如果你有任何职位空缺，请给我一次面试的机会。感谢你的时间和考虑。13I can come for an interview at your convenience 我随时可以接受面试。14I hope you would take my application into account favorably and entitle me to an interview 我希望您能够考虑我的申请，并给予我面试的机会。15I have enclosed my resumeCV with this letter 随信附上我的简历。7求学信求学信的主要目的是写信人申请某所学校就读的信件。 写作策略 开头段：简单自我介绍，并说明写作意图。 主体段：介绍相关工作经历、学习经历以及个人本性。 结尾段：表示强烈的期盼，并希望尽快得到答复。 常用句型1I wish to pursue my Master s degree in your prestigious university 我希望到贵校攻读硕士学位。2I wish to apply to admission to your department as a postgraduate student 我现申请攻读贵系研究生。3I am greatly interested in your graduate program in College of Law and wish to apply for admission 我对贵校法学院的研究生课程非常感兴趣，并申请到贵系攻读硕士学位。4Would you be so kind as to provide me with some relevant information? 您能否为我提供一些相关信息呢?5I am writing to ask for admission to your departmentIts my long-cherished dream to pursue my study in your honored department 我申请就读于贵系，这是我长久以来的愿望。6It would be appreciative of you if you could send me some relevant information at your earliest convenience 如果您能够尽快寄给我一些相关信息，我将不胜感激。7Could you send me an application form as well as some detailed information regarding? 您能否寄给我申请表和有关的资料?8If further materials are required，I am only too willing to for ward them to you 如需其他材料，我非常乐意寄上。9I will certainly feel honored if I could be admitted to your university，which，renowned for its long history and a fine tradition of scholarship，enjoys a worldwide fame 贵校历史悠久，治学严谨，享有世界声望，如果有幸能够成为贵校的学生，我将感到无比的荣幸。10Would you please let me know the procedures for admission at your earliest convenience? 能够尽快告知我入学的有关程序。11I shall be glad to furnish you with any further information concerning my education