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DY1000全液压岩心钻机液压动力头设计

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dy1000 液压 岩心 钻机 动力 设计
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目录

第1章 绪论••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••1

1.1 钻机发展的一般情况••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••1

 1.2 钻机特点及设计要求••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••1

 1.3 钻机的“三化”原则•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••3

第2章 总体设计•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••5

 2.1 概述••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••5

 2.2 总体参数•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••5

 2.3 工作原理及主要部••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••6

第3章 卡盘设计•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••9

 3.1 卡盘结构简介•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••9

 3.2 基本参数的确定•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••10

第4章 动力头的设计计算••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••12

 4.1 概述•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••12

 4.2 变速箱的总体设计•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••13

 4.3 变速箱传动齿轮的设计计算••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••15

4.4 变速箱传动轴的设计计算•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••26

4.5 动力头的泵及电机的选择•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••44

第5章 给进机构的设计计算••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••46

5.1 液压给进机构的分析、选择•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••46

5.2 给进液压缸的设计计算的选择•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••48

第6 钻塔的设计及校核•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••55

6.1 钻塔及升降工具•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••55

6.2 塔身的强度、稳定性及刚度验算••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••62

第7章 毕业设计小节••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••65

参考文献••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••66

第1章 绪论

岩心钻机主要用于固体矿床的勘探,也用于工程勘探,水文地质勘探和其它用途的岩心钻探。岩心钻探的孔深变化较大,一般从几米到几千米之间,钻孔口径较小,一般钻孔口径在几毫米到一百多毫米。钻进底层以基岩为主,钻孔过程中要求取出能够满足分析和化验要求的一定数量和质量的岩心。

1.1钻机发展的一般情况

早期的钻机是由人力驱动的简单冲击式机械,经常长期不断演变、发展,成为现代具有机动动力驱动的各种冲击式钻机。冲击式钻机作为唯一的钻探机械,在世界上一直沿用了相当长的历史时期。这种钻机钻孔有如下缺点:效率低,无法取出岩心;只能钻垂直孔;钻孔过程中不能及时排出岩屑等。随着社会的不断发展,这种钻机已逐渐不能适应要求。19世纪中期以后,出现了回转式钻机。回转式钻机具有钻进效率高;可取出完整的岩心;能钻进各种倾角的钻孔;有利于多种钻探工艺和方法的使用等优点,因此发展很快,并迅速在钻探领域中占据了主导地位。

现在,我国不仅可以成套生产各种钻探机械,而且有许多产品已形成具有我国特点的系列。产品的品种逐渐齐全、质量不断提高、性能更加完善。某些产品已进入国际市场。

1.2钻机的特点及设计要求

钻机与其它机械有某些共同之处,但钻机具有独特的生产对象和使用条件,岩心钻机是主要用于固体矿床的普查与勘探,也用于工程勘察、水文地质勘探和其他用途的岩心钻探。岩心钻探的孔深度变化较大,钻孔口径较小,钻进地层以基岩为主。由于各种矿体在地下的产状不同,为求得倾斜矿体的真实厚度,便于精确计算储量,常常需要钻进不同倾角的钻孔。因而形成了自身的一些特点:

(1)钻进方法和钻进工艺的多样性

钻探生产采用的钻探方法和钻进工艺是多种多样的。就钻进方法而言,按破碎岩石的方法可分为冲击、回转、震动、复合式等几种;按采用的破岩材料分为:钻粒钻进、硬质合金钻进、金刚石钻进、超硬材料钻进;按是否取芯分为取芯钻进和全面钻进就钻进工艺而言可分为正循环钻进,局部反循环钻进和全面钻进。而且随着钻探生产的发展,科技的进步,会出现更多的钻探方法和钻探工艺,这就产生了能实现不同钻进方法和钻进工艺的各种类型的钻机。

(2)使用条件的复杂性

钻机工作的区域广泛,从平原到海洋、从地面到地下、从热带到寒带,几乎地球的每个地方都可能成为钻机工作的地方。不同地区有不同的环境气候条件这就带来钻机使用条件的复杂性。加之露天作业机械,作业对象为岩石,一般用以产生污染的泥浆做冲洗液,这一进步造成钻机工作条件的恶化,为适应这些条件,钻机必须满足一些特殊要求。

(3)类型与结构的多样性

由于钻机需要完成不同类型、不同目的的钻孔加之钻进方法和钻进工艺的多样性,使用条件的复杂性要求钻机有多种类型和不同结构形式。根据不完全统计,目前世界上各种类型的钻机达上千种之多,而且很多类型差异很大。

(4)生产小批量性

钻机相对交通运输、建筑、轻工业等机械的生产批量小,特别是一些特殊用途的生产数量更小。如深井钻机、特大井口钻机、水平孔钻机等。由于批量小,不便于组织批量化生产,产品成本相对较高;另一方面产品更新换代周期长,不利于及时应用新技术。

钻机的设计要求:

钻机是直接用于钻孔的机械,设计时应直接保证设计的钻机能高效、优质、安全、低耗完成钻孔为前提。使设计的钻机技术先进、经济合理,具有良好的经济技术指标。其依据如下:

(1)钻机的性能及参数应具有广泛的适用性,能根据不同的底层不同的钻进方法及不同的钻头类型和结构实现合理钻进规程参数。

(2)要配备必要的的检测及指示仪器以便于及时掌握和控制钻机的运转和孔内的钻进情况。

(3)钻机应能传递足够用的动力,保证各工作机构的正常工作及短时间过载。

(4)应具有较强的处理孔内事故的能力和完成特种工作的性能。

(5)运转平稳,振动小,钻进时钻杆的对向性好。

(6)自动化,机械化程度高;钻进过程中最理想的是钻机能根据孔内情况自动调节和控制钻进参数;及时选择调整和保持最有效的钻进规程。

(7)为提高钻机生产可靠性,应设置必要的过载保护装置和互锁装置;重要机构要配备重复装置。

(8)满足机械设备一般要求。

1.3.钻机的“三化”原则

工业产品的标准化是组织现代化生产的重要手段,是科学管理的重要组成部分;是沟通科研、生产和使用三者之间的桥梁。标准化已发展成一门综合性学科。

标准化包括标准化、系列化和通用化,又称之为“三化”。标准是径有关上级主管部门批准,在一定的范围内必须执行的有文字技术资料的统一技术规定。系列化是把同类型的产品按技术参数规划出一定时期内社会发展需要的一组产品的型式尺寸。这组型式尺寸确定了该类产品的最大最小范围及各尺寸的合理间隔。系列化可以合理简化产品的规格,提高零部件的通用化程度,用最小的品种规格有效地满足各方面的要求。通用化是指最大限度的扩大同一类型或不同类型的各种规格产品中通用件的使用范围,增大通用件的比例。通用件就是不同类型或不同规格产品中彼此可以互换通用的相同的零部件。产品中通用件的比例越高,通用件适用范围越大,则产品的通用化程度越高。



第2章 总体设计

2.1 概述

全液压岩心钻机是一种新型钻机,是在吸取了立轴式岩心和转盘式岩心钻机结构的优点基础上发展起来的。目前已生产出的全液压岩心钻机的主要优点是:给进行程长,可缩短钻进过程的辅助时间,有利于减少孔内事故;动力头上下移动是沿刚性较大的滑道进行的,所以导向、定向性好,回转平稳;钻机升降机构与给进机构合一,动力头与孔口夹持器配合可实现拧卸钻具,此种结构简化了钻机的结构及配套装置。全液压岩心钻机还具有无极调速、调速范围大、过载保护性能好,能实现自动化、远距离自动控制等优点。但全液压岩心钻机消耗功率较大,传动效率低,可拆性差,液压元件要求精度高,保养维修方便。


2.2总体参数

基本参数:



钻深                   1000

钻孔倾角               75~90度

给进力                 45

起拔力                 125

钻杆低档转速           0~388

低档钻杆转矩           3600~1800  

钻杆高档转速           0~1240

高档钻杆转矩        


内容简介:
河北建筑工程学院 毕业设计(论文)外文资料翻译 系别: 机械工程系 专业: 机械设计制造及其自动化 班级: 机 093 班 姓名: 段越威 学号: 2009307313 外文出处: Basic Automation 附 件: 1、外文原文; 2、外文资料翻译译文。 指导教师评语: 签字: 年 月 日 注:请将该封面与附件装订成册。 nts1、 外文原文 Mold design and manufacture The mold is the manufacturing industry important craft foundation, in our country, the mold manufacture belongs to the special purpose equipment manufacturing industry. China although very already starts to make the mold and the use mold, but long-term has not formed the industry. Straight stabs 0 centuries 80s later periods, the Chinese mold industry only then drives into the development speedway. Recent years, not only the state-owned mold enterprise had the very big development, the three investments enterprise, the villages and towns (individual) the mold enterprises development also quite rapid . Although the Chinese mold industrial development rapid, but compares with the demand, obviously falls short of demand, its main gap concentrates precisely to, large-scale, is complex, the long life mold domain. As a result of in aspect and so on mold precision, life, manufacture cycle and productivity, China and the international average horizontal and the developed country still had a bigger disparity, therefore, needed massively to import the mold every year . The Chinese mold industry except must continue to sharpen the productivity, from now on will have emphatically to the profession internal structure adjustment and the state-of-art enhancement. The structure adjustment aspect, mainly is the enterprise structure to the specialized adjustment, the product structure to center the upscale mold development, to the import and export structure improvement, center the upscale automobile cover mold forming analysis and the structure improvement, the multi-purpose compound mold and the compound processing and the laser technology in the mold design manufacture application, the high-speed cutting, the superfinishing and polished the technology, the information direction develops . The recent years, the mold profession structure adjustment and the organizational reform step enlarges, mainly displayed in, large-scale, precise, was complex, the long life, center the upscale mold and the mold standard letter development speed is higher than the common mold product; The plastic mold and the compression casting mold proportion increases; Specialized mold factory quantity and its productivity increase; The three investments and the private enterprise develops rapidly; The joint stock system transformation step speeds up and so on. Distributes from the area looked, take Zhujiang Delta and Yangtze River delta as central southeast coastal area development quickly to mid-west area, south development quickly to north. At present develops quickest, the mold produces the most centralized province is Guangdong and Zhejiang, places such as Jiangsu, Shanghai, Anhui and Shandong also has a bigger development in recent years . Although our country mold total quantity had at present achieved the suitable scale, the mold level also has the very big enhancement, after but design manufacture horizontal overall rise and fall industry developed country and so on Yu De, America, date, France, Italy many. The current existence question and the disparity mainly display in following several aspects: nts(1) The total quantity falls short of demand Domestic mold assembling oneself rate only ,about 70%. Low-grade mold , center upscale mold assembling oneself rate only has 50% about . (2) The enterprise organizational structure, the product structure, the technical structure and the import and export structure does not gather Iin our country mold production factory to be most is from the labor mold workshop which produces assembles oneself (branch factory), from produces assembles oneself the proportion to reach as high as about 60%, but the overseas mold ultra 70% is the commodity mold. The specialized mold factory mostly is large and complete, small and entire organization form, but overseas mostly is small but, is specially small and fine. Domestic large-scale, precise, complex, the long life mold accounts for the total quantity proportion to be insufficient 30%, but overseas in 50% above 2004 years, ratio of the mold import and export is 3.7:1, the import and export balances the after net import volume to amount to 1.32 billion US dollars, is world mold net import quantity biggest country . (3) The mold product level greatly is lower than the international standard The production cycle actually is higher than the international water broad product level low mainly to display in the mold precision, cavity aspect and so on surface roughness, life and structure . (4) Develops the ability badly, economic efficiency unsatisfactory our country mold enterprise technical personnel proportion low The level is lower, also does not take the product development, frequently is in the passive position in the market. Our country each mold staff average year creation output value approximately ,ten thousand US dollars, overseas mold industry developed country mostly 15 to10,000 US dollars, some reach as high as 25 to10,000 US dollars, relative is our country quite part of molds enterprises also continues to use the workshop type management with it, truly realizes the enterprise which the modernized enterprise manages few To create the above disparity the reason to be very many, the mold long-term has not obtained the value besides the history in as the product which should have, as well as the most state-owned enterprises mechanism cannot adapt the market economy, but also has the following several reasons: . (1) Country to mold industry policy support dynamics also insufficiently Although the country already was clear about has promulgated the mold profession industrial policy, but necessary policy few, carried out dynamics to be weak. At present enjoyed the mold product increment duty enterprise nation 185, the majority enterprise still the tax burden is only overweight. The mold enterprise carries on the technological transformations introduction equipment to have to pay the considerable amount the tax money, affects the technology advancement, moreover privately operated enterprise loan extremely difficult . (2) Talented person serious insufficient, the scientific research development and the technical attack investment too urine Mold profession is the technology, the fund, the work crowded industry, along with the time progress and the technical development, grasps the talented person ntswhich and skilled utilizes the new technology exceptionally short, the high-quality mold fitter and the enterprise management talent extremely is also anxious. Because the mold enterprise benefit unsatisfactory and takes insufficiently the scientific research development and the technical attack, the scientific research unit and the universities, colleges and institutes eye stares at is creating income, causes the mold profession invests too few in the scientific research development and the technical attack aspect, causes the mold technological development step not to be big, progresses not quick . (3) The craft equipment level to be low, also necessary is not good, the use factor low recent years our country engine bed profession progressed quickly, has been able to provide the quite complete precision work equipment, but compared with the overseas equipment, still had a bigger disparity. Although the domestic many enterprises have introduced many overseas advanced equipment, but the overall equipment level low are very more than the overseas many enterprises. As a result of aspect the and so on system and fund reason, introduces the equipment not not necessary, the equipment and the appendix not necessary phenomenon are extremely common, the equipment utilization rate low question cannot obtain the comparatively properly solution for a long time . (4) Specialization, standardization, commercialized degree low, the cooperation ability Because receives large and complete small and entire the influence since long ago, mold specialization level low, the specialized labor division is not careful, the commercialized degree is low. At present domestic every year produces mold, commodity mold minister 40% About, other for from produce uses for oneself. Between the mold enterprise cooperates impeded, completes the comparatively large-scale mold complete task with difficulty. Mold standardization level low, mold standard letter use cave rare is low also to the mold quality, the cost has a more tremendous influence, specially has very tremendous influence . (5) To the mold manufacture cycle) the mold material and the mold correlation technology falls The mold material performance, the quality and the variety question often can affect the mold quality, the life and the cost, the domestically produced molding tool steel and overseas imports the steel products to compare has a bigger disparity. Plastic, plate, equipment energy balance, also direct influence mold level enhancement . At present, our country economy still was at the high speed development phase, on the international economical globalization development tendency is day by day obvious, this has provided the good condition and the opportunity for the our country mold industry high speed development. On the one hand, the domestic mold market will continue high speed to develop, on the other hand, the mold manufacture also gradually will shift as well as the transnational group to our country carries on the mold purchase trend to our country extremely to be also obvious. Therefore, will take a broad view the future, international, the domestic mold market overall development tendency prospect will favor, estimated the Chinese mold will obtain the high speed ntsdevelopment under the good market environment, our country not only can become the mold great nation, moreover certainly gradually will make the powerful nation to the mold the ranks to make great strides forward. 15 period, the Chinese mold industry level not only has the very big enhancement in the quantity and the archery target aspect, moreover the profession structure, the product level, the development innovation ability, enterprises system and the mechanism as well as the technology advancement aspect also can obtain a bigger development . The mold technology has gathered the machinery, the electron, chemistry, optics, the material, the computer, the precise monitor and the information network and so on many disciplines, is a comprehensive nature multi-disciplinary systems engineering. The mold technology development tendency mainly is the mold product to larger-scale, preciser, more complex and a more economical direction develops, the mold product technical content unceasingly enhances, the mold manufacture cycle unceasingly reduces, the mold production faces the information, is not having the chart, is fine, the automated direction develops, the mold enterprise to the technical integration, the equipment excellent, is producing approves the brand, the management information, the management internationalization direction develops. Our country mold profession still will have to enhance from now on the general character technology had : (1) To establish in the CAD/CAE platform the advanced mold design technology, enhances modernization which the mold designed, information, intellectualization, standardized level . (2) Establishes in the CAM/CAPP foundation the advanced mold processing technology and the advanced manufacture technology unifies, raises the automated level and the production efficiency which the mold processes . (3) The mold production enterprises information management technology. For example PDM (product data management), ERP (enterprise resource management), MIS (mold manufacture management information system) and information network technology the and so on INTERMET platform application, the promotion and the development . (4) Are high speed, Gao Jing, the compound mold processing technology research and the application. For example the ultra fine ramming mold manufacture technology, the precise plastic and the compression casting mold manufacture technology and so on . (5) Enhances the mold production efficiency, reduces the cost and reduces the mold production cycle each kind of fast economical mold manufacture technology . (6) The advanced manufacture technology application. For example hot technology and so on flow channel technology, gas auxiliary technology, hypothesized technology, nanotechnology, rapid scanning technology, reversion project, parallel project in the mold research, the development, the processing process application . (7) The raw material the simulation technology which forms in the mold . (8) The advanced mold processing and the appropriation equipment research and the development . nts(9) The mold and the mold standard letter, the important auxiliary standardized technology . (10) The mold and its the product examination technology. (11) High quality, the new mold material research and the development and its the correct application . (12) The mold production enterprises modern management technology Mold profession in 十 15 period needs to solve the key essential technology should be the mold information, the digitized technology and precise, ultra fine, high speed, the highly effective manufacture technology aspect breakthrough Along with the national economy total quantity and the industry product technology unceasing development, all the various trades and occupations to the mold demand quantity more and more big, the specification more and more is also high. Although mold type many, but its development should be with emphasis both can meet the massive needs, and has the comparatively high-tech content, specially at present domestic still could not be self-sufficient, needs the massive imports the mold and can represent the development direction large-scale, precise, is complex, the long life mold. The mold standard letter type, the quantity, the level, the production a and so on have the significant influence to the entire mold profession development. Therefore, some important mold standard letters also must the prioritize, moreover its development speed should quickly to the mold development speed, like this be able unceasingly to raise our country mold standardization level, thus improves the mold quality, reduces the mold production cycle, reduces the cost. Because our country mold product holds the bigger price superiority in the international market, therefore regarding the exportation prospect good mold product also should take key develops. According to the above required quantity big, the technical content is high, represents the development direction, the export prospect good principle choice prioritize product, moreover chooses the product to have at present to have the certain technology base, belongs has the condition, has the product which the possibility develops . According to 十 15 the mold profession development plan, 十 15 the period mold product development mainly has following several kind of the automobile cover mold (1)Ramming mold to occupy The mold total quantity dish with emphasis above 40%. Automobile cover mold mainly for automobile necessary, also includes for the agriculture with the vehicle, the project machinery and the farm machinery necessary cover mold, it has the very big representation in the ramming mold, the mold mostly is large and middle scale, structure complex, the specification is high. For the passenger vehicle necessary cover mold, the request is in particular higher, may represent the ramming mold the level. This kind of mold our country had the certain technology base, already for middle-grade passenger vehicle necessary, but the level is not high, the ability is insufficient, at present satisfying rate only has one about the half. Center the upscale passenger vehicle cover mold main dependence import, has become the bottleneck which the automobile develops, enormous influence vehicle type development . nts(2)The precise ramming mold Multi- locations level was entering the mold and fine represents the ramming mold development direction, the precision request life request has been extremely high, mainly for the electronics industry, the automobile, the instrument measuring appliance, the electrical machinery electric appliance and so on formed a complete set. These two kind of molds, domestic had the suitable foundation, and has introduced the overseas technology and the equipment, the individual enterprise produces the product has achieved the world level, but the majority of enterprises still had a bigger disparity, the supply total quantity insufficient, the import were very many (3) The large-scale precise plastic mold Plastic mold accounts for the mold total quantity 10%, moreover this proportion also is rising. In the plastic mold necessary large-scale casts the mold for the automobile and the electrical appliances, necessary models for the integrated circuit seals the mold, for the electronic information industry and the machinery and the packing necessary multilayer, the multi- cavities, the multi- material qualities, the multicolor precise note , and saves water the agricultural necessary plastic different molding for the new building materials to squeeze out the mold and the pipeline and the nozzle mold and so on, at present although had the suitable technology base and fast is developing, but the technical level and overseas still had a bigger disparity, the total quantity falls short of demand, Every year import amount reaches several hundred million US dollar. (4) The main mold
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