withhisownhands的翻译.doc

He was an illegal immigrant making a living picking tomatoes. Now Alfredo Quinones-Hinojosa excels in a different field-as a top brain surgeon. 他是非法移民谋生采摘西红柿。阿尔弗雷多凯诺内斯伊诺霍萨擅长在不同的领域，作为一个顶级的脑外科医生。WITH HIS OWN TWO HANDS 用他自己的双手BY MAX ALEXANDER The hot sun seared his skin as Alfredo Quinones-Hinojosa bent in the field to pick tomatoes. It was work few Americans would do for just $155 a week, and most of his co-workers on this 10,000-acre farm in central California were, like Quinones, illegal Mexican immigrants. It was a grim existence: He lived in a decrepit truck camper-without the truck-in the middle of a field. 烈日烤他的皮肤，阿尔弗雷多凯诺内斯伊诺霍萨在外地铁了心要挑西红柿。这是工作，很少有美国人会做$ 155一个星期，和他的同事在这10000英亩的农场，在加州中部被醌，非法墨西哥移民，。这是一个严峻的存在：他住在破旧不堪的卡车野营没有卡车领域中。One day the farm owners son came by. He looked at us like we were less than dirt, recalls Quinones. Other workers were only too happy to be disdained by wealthy Americans who could have them deported, but not Quinones. He carried an English dictionary in his pocket and studied it every day. He was studying to become an American. It had been a year since Quinones jumped the fence in Calexico. His cousin was supposed to be waiting for him on the American side. Instead he was met by the U.S. Border Patrol. Half an hour later, Quinones was back in Mexico. 有一天，农场主的儿子来。 “他看着我们，就像我们比污垢，凯诺内斯回忆。”其他工人太高兴了富有的美国人不屑他们驱逐出境，但不凯诺内斯。他在他的口袋里，英语字典和研究它每天。他学习成为一个美国人。它一直是今年以来凯诺内斯在卡莱克西科跳下围栏。美方应该是等待他的他的表弟。相反，他会见了由美国边境巡逻。半小时后，凯诺内斯是在墨西哥。Figuring the border police would never expect the same guy to cross in the same spot an the same night, he went over the fence again. This time, his cousin was there. Quifiones hopped in his car, and the two roared off into the night toward Et Centro. It was January 2, 1987, Quinioness 19th birthday. 画出的边防警察绝不会想到一个同一天晚上在同一地点同一个人跨，他再次走到栅栏。这一次，他的表弟在那里。 Quifiones跳上他的车，和两个大吼到对等炫酷的夜晚。这是1987年1月2日，Quiniones的19岁生日。The oldest of Sostenes Quinones and Flavia Hinojosas five children. Alfredo began work at age five, pumping gas at his fathers Pemex station, where the family also lived, on a dusty road 37 miles south of the border town of Mexicali. It was hard work, but Quinones didnt mind. He also got to drive the cars now and then, perching on a stack of pillows. By Mexican standards, the Quinones family was almost middle-class. But in 1976 the Mexican government devalued the peso, throwing the country into turmoil. We lost everything, just like that Quinones says with a snap of his fingers. I remember going to the back of the house to find my father crying. Sostenes Quinones和弗拉维亚拉伊诺霍萨的五个孩子的最古老的。阿尔弗雷多在五岁开始工作，抽在他父亲的墨西哥国家石油公司站的天然气，家庭还住在一个尘土飞扬的道路以南37英里的边境小镇墨西卡利，。这是很难的工作，但凯诺内斯并不介意。他也得到了现在，然后来驱动汽车，栖息一叠枕头上。墨西哥标准，凯诺内斯家庭几乎是中产阶级。但在1976年墨西哥政府的比索贬值，抛出该国陷入动荡。 “我们失去了一切，就像”凯诺内斯说他的手指“管理单元。 “我记得房子的后面找到我的父亲哭。”Sostenes turned to his brothers, who were working in the United States as migrant farmworkers. They supplied the family with sacks of potatoes and beans. Quinones helped bring in extra money by working at a taco stand. Still, he kept up with school. My father kept telling me, You want to be like me? Just never go to school. And I was not going to follow the same path. At age 14, Quinones qualified for an accelerated program in Mexicali that prepared students for jobs as elementary school teachers. Each morning, he rose at 4:30 to take a bus to the school- There was no bus home in the afternoon, so he hitchhike or walked-in the blistering heat. Sostenes转向他的兄弟，谁是美国作为移民农场工人工作的。他们提供家庭用麻袋土豆和豆类。凯诺内斯帮助带来额外的钱在一个塔科立场。尽管如此，他不停地与学校。 “我的父亲不停地告诉我，你要像我一样，只是从来没有去上学。” ，我是不会遵循相同的路径。“14岁，凯诺内斯在墨西卡利的加速方案，准备学生为小学教师的职位，每个”今天上午，他在4:30上升到坐公共汽车到合格的学校有没有公车回家，在下午，让他搭车或酷热走。He graduated near the top of his class. But because his family had no political connections, he says, he was assigned a teaching job at a remote school far down the Baja peninsula. I wasnt willing to put up with that injustice, he says. Shortly after, he decided to leave Mexico in search of better options. He had been to America twice before, doing summer labor. So on his arrival, Quinones headed with his cousin for the San Joaquin Valley to work in the fields. I picked tomatoes, cauliflower, broccoli, corn, grapes: After a year, he had saved $8,000almost all of his pay. I ate what I was picking, he says. I wore the same pair of jeans the whole year. 他毕业，他的类的顶部附近。但由于他的家人没有政治关系，他说，他被分配在一个远了巴哈半岛的偏远学校的教学工作。 “我是不是愿意把这一不公正的，”他说。不久后，他决定离开墨西哥在寻找更好的选择。他曾到美国，前两次，做好夏季劳动。因此，他的到来，凯诺内斯为首的与他的圣华金河谷表弟在田里工作。 “我拿起西红柿，菜花，西兰花，玉米，葡萄：”一年后，他救了8,000美元，几乎所有他的付出。 “我吃了，我是捡什么，”他说。全年“我穿了一双相同的牛仔裤。”When Quinones looked up from the dirt, the best job he could see was driving the big tractors. The drivers were skilled, and they supervised crews. He was told it took ten years of fieldwork to land such a promotion, but Quinones was soon behind the wheel of sophisticated plows and ditch diggers. He learned how to service the engines and qualified for a temporary work permit. I had that hunger in my gut, he says. A few months later, Quinones told his cousin he was going to leave the farm. His response was, What are you talking about? If you keep working here, one day youll be the foreman! 当凯诺内斯看着污垢，他能看到的最好的工作是驾驶大拖拉机。车手们熟练，他们监督的船员。他被告知了十多年的实地考察土地这样的促销活动，但凯诺内斯是先进的犁沟挖掘机的车轮后面很快。他学会了如何服务引擎和临时工作许可的资格。 “我曾经在我的直觉饥饿，”他说。几个月后，醌告诉他的表弟，他要离开农场。他的回答是，“你说什么？如果你一直在这里工作，有一天，你会成为工头！”Sometimes you have to be willing to risk, Quinones said. He moved to Stockton and took a job in a rail yard so he could attend night school at San Joaquin Delta College, learning English. His first job, shoveling sulfur, was the worst of his lifesmelly and filthy. Once again, he scrambled to acquire new skills, this time as a welder repairing valves on tank cars. Within a year, hed become a foreman. With his English improving, Quinones switched to the night shift and began full-time studies in science and math. To make ends meet, he also tutored other students. One day, outside the school cafeteria, he met Anna Peterson, an American student. I was fresh out of high school, she says. Alfredo was this fascinating guy, always in a hurry. He had long, curly hair and earrings. I walked up and introduced myself. We became friends: “有时候你必须愿意冒险，凯诺内斯说。”他搬到了斯托克顿和发生在铁路堆场作业，让他能参加在圣华金三角洲学院，学习英语夜校。他的第一份工作，铲土硫磺，是他lifesmelly和污秽严重。再次，他争着掌握新技能，这个时候，作为一个修理罐车阀门焊机。在一年之内，他会成为一个工头。他的英语水平的提高，凯诺内斯切换到夜班，并开始在科学和数学的全日制课程。入不敷出，他还辅导其他学生。有一天，学校食堂外，他会见了安娜彼得森，一个美国学生。 “我是高中新鲜的，”她说。 “阿尔弗雷多是这个迷人的家伙，总是在匆忙中，他长，卷曲的头发和耳环，我走上前去，并介绍了自己，我们成了朋友。”After graduating with an associates degree in 1991, Quinones was accepted to the University of California, Berkeley. He moved to a low-rent district in Oakland, getting by on a combination of scholarships, loans, a small grant and, as always, work. He became a teachers assistant in three departments and also took a job at a mens clothing store. Peterson stopped by the store one afternoon. The two had lost touch, but the reunion was fateful. Soon they fell in love. Quinones excelled in the competitive environment of Berkeley, getting straight As in advanced classes, writing his honors thesis on the role of drug receptors in the brain and teaching calculus on the side-not that he paid much attention to his standing. In the spring of 1993, his mentor, Hugo Mora, looked over his transcripts and told him he stood a good chance of getting into Harvard Medical School. I thought, recalls Quinones, number one, this guy is very nice, and number two, hes clearly living la vida loca.” Quinones had been to a doctor only once in his life. 联营公司于1991年学士学位毕业后，醌接受加州大学伯克利分校。他在奥克兰的廉租区移动，获得的奖学金，贷款，小额赠款组合，一如既往，工作。他成了老师的助手，在三个部门，并参加了在一个男人的服装店工作。彼得森停止店里的一个下午。两人已经失去了联系，但团聚是致命的。很快，他们坠入爱河。凯诺内斯擅长在伯克利的竞争环境，直先进班级，写在他的荣誉论文药物受体的作用，对大脑和微积分教学方不是说他非常重视他的地位。在1993年春天，他的导师，雨果莫拉，看着他的成绩单，并告诉他，他站在一个很好的机会进入哈佛医学院。 “我想，”回忆凯诺内斯，“一把手，这家伙是非常好的，和排名第二，他显然生活在LA VIDA LOCA”。凯诺内斯曾医生在他的生命只有一次。Then he thought some more. My grandmother was a curandera, a town healer, he says. I saw the respect that she had. I decided to give it a shot. Harvard accepted him, and Quinones moved East in the fall of 1994. Peterson followed, and they married in 96. A year later, Quinones became a U.S. citizen. Im sitting there, ten years after hopping the fence, and it hits me how fast I came up: Quinones says he understands why people might resent him for entering the country illegally. His only excuse is that he was a brash and desperate teenager. The last thing I was thinking was that I was going to break the law, he says. Once he arrived, Quinones says, the United States opened its doors to me - a welcome, he adds, that would be unlikely today given the heated immigration debate. He offers no solution but suggests it will not come from higher walls. As long as there is poverty in our neighboring countries, there will continue to be this influx. 然后，他认为更多一些。 “我的祖母是一个curandera，镇治疗师，”他说。 “我看到，她的尊重，我决定给它一个镜头。”哈佛大学接受了他，并在1994年秋天，东凯诺内斯移动。彼得森，他们在96年结婚。一年后，凯诺内斯成为美国公民。 “我坐在那里，10年后跳槽的围栏，和它击中我的速度有多快我想出了：”凯诺内斯说，他理解人们为什么会憎恨他非法进入该国。他唯一的借口是，他是一个傲慢和绝望的小将。 “的最后一件事，我想我是犯法的，”他说。凯诺内斯说，一旦他到达时，美国“敞开大门向我” - 一个值得欢迎的，他补充说，将不可能今天加热移民问题的辩论。他没有提供任何解决办法，但表明它不是来自更高的墙。他说：“只要是在我们的周边国家的贫穷，将有继续此涌入。”Quinones gave the commencement address when he graduated from Harvard Medical School and continued his training, in neurosurgery, at the University of California, San Fran-cisco. It was an exciting but daunting prospect. Could an illegal Mexican fieldworker become a brain surgeon? It didnt seem possible. Residency turned out to be a low point in Quinoness American journey. Neurosurgery has been reserved for people who come from a long pedigree of medicine, he says carefully. Its rare that you have someone like me go into this highly demanding field, where lots of patients die: Hed experienced prejudice before-the farm owners son who looked right through him, a former girlfriend whose mother disdained him for his nationality. They just ignited my fire even more, he says. He admits there were times, working 130 hours a week for $30,000 a year, when he considered quitting. I felt what my father felt, not being able to put food on the table for my family, he says. But I had a dream: Are we ready to rock and roll? Dr. Quinones, now 40, sits on the edge of a patients bed. Its a Friday morning at Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center in Baltimore, and this will be Quinoness second brain surgery patient of the day. The woman, whos in her 60s, has two tumors; one is in the highly sensitive part of the cortex that controls motor movements. Quinones holds her hand and looks into her eyes. I walk a fine line every day between good and bad outcomes, and bad outcomes can mean life or death, he tells her frankly. Also, there is a chance that you will be paralyzed on the right side: She nods. Dr. Q, as everyone calls him, believes patients deserve both compassion and honesty. That is the risk, he concludes. So were set. You and I have a date: An hour later, in operating room five, surrounded by six attendants and an anesthesiologist, Dr. Q cuts through the womans scalp to expose her skull. Using a whirring tool, he carves out a two-inch-wide section of bone and pops it off like a manhole cover. He carefully cuts back the dura, a leathery layer of tissue under the skull, and the brain is exposed. 凯诺内斯了毕业典礼演讲，当他毕业于哈佛医学院，继续他的训练，在美国加州大学，旧金山思科，在神经外科。这是一个令人兴奋的，但艰巨的的前景。一个非法的墨西哥田野工作者成为一个脑外科医生？它似乎没有可能。居住地竟然是在凯诺内斯的美国之旅的最低点。 “神经外科已经从长期的医学血统的人，”他说，仔细。 “这是罕见的，你有像我这样的人进入这一要求极高的领域，其中有很多病人死于：”他经验丰富的偏见之前 - 农场主的儿子的权利，谁看了他的前女友的母亲不屑为他国籍。“他们刚刚点燃我的火更的，”他说。他承认，有几次，一个星期工作130小时，每年30,000元，当他考虑戒烟。 “我觉得我的父亲觉得什么，不能够放在桌子上，我的家庭食品，”他说。 “但我有一个梦想：”“我们准备摇滚？”凯诺内斯博士，现在40岁，坐在病人的床的边缘。这是一个周五上午，在巴尔的摩约翰斯霍普金斯湾景医学中心，这将是凯诺内斯的第二大脑手术病人的一天。该名女子，在她60岁，有两个肿瘤，是一个高度敏感的部分控制电机运动皮层。凯诺内斯握着她的手，和她的眼睛。 “我每天辗转腾挪之间的好和坏的结果，坏结果可能意味着生或死，”他告诉她坦率地说。 “此外，有一个机会，您将在右侧瘫痪：”她点点头。 Q博士，大家都叫他认为，患者值得同情和诚实。 “这是风险，”他说。 “因此，我们已经设置了你和我有个约会。”一个小时后，包围，由6个服务员和一名麻醉师在手术室五，Q博士通过削减女人的头皮暴露她的头骨。使用呼呼的工具，他雕刻了两英寸宽的部分骨和持久性有机污染物它像一个井盖。他仔细地削减硬脑膜，革质层的组织下颅骨和大脑暴露出来。Dr. Q specializes in a high-tech form of brain surgery called motor mapping, in which an electrical stimulator is used to locate sensitive areas. Lets have complete silence, please, he says, and the room falls quiet. He touches the stimulator to the brain surface, and the womans arm twitches-a spot to avoid. Eventually he determines a safe path to the tumor, which he painstakingly removes, piece by piece, with an electrical forceps that cauterizes as it dissects. The four-and-a-half-hour procedure goes well-the patient comes to with no loss of motor function-and Dr. Q is ecstatic. Holy guacamole, that was a great day! he says, shedding surgical garb as he heads to a meeting with the family of a man who recently suf-fered a massive brain hemorrhage. Although Dr. Quinones is a relatively young doctor, his colleagues are already impressed. Not only is he a talented and conscientious surgeon, but hes very sensitive to the needs of patients, says Dr. Henry Brem, director of neurosurgery at Johns Hopkins. And hes a joyous person-full of enthusiasm and the mission to do good for the world: Its now after seven, and Dr. Q has been working for 12 hours. Other surgeons are going home for the weekend, but he is headed for his research laboratory in downtown Baltimore. The lab is an extension of his operating room: Cancerous tissue that he removes in surgery is studied with the goal of finding new therapies. One hope is that we can make brain cancer a bit more chronic, like diabetes, instead of a devastating lethal disease, he explains. Dr. Q joins more than a dozen med students and residents from around the world at a table with a projector. Over Chinese food cartons, they present and discuss studies with titles like A Functional Role for EGFR Signaling in Myelination and Remyelination: The work is serious, but after a full day of surgery, the meetings give Dr. Q a chance to unwind. The following afternoon, many of the students show up at Dr. Qs home for a Tex-Mex cookout. The house, in a suburban subdivision, is spacious but hardly palatial; several rooms have no furniture, though toys are everywhere. The doctors hectic schedule means little time relaxing with his three children-Gabriella, eight, David, six, and Olivia, two-so today he dotes on them. Work is never far from home. Recently, Dr. Q removed a chest tumor from Gabriellas pet hamster, Theodore. It was very aggressive, and I wanted to give him a chance, he says. Meanwhile, his BlackBerry chirps constantly with hospital and lab updates. Anna, 35, smiles. Im not one of those clingy, needy wives who have to talk to their husbands 50 times a day, she says. I run the house completely. Except the grill on the back porch,