高考英语一轮复习 高中语法8大重点语法项目速通 5.定语从句（一）课件.ppt

语法难点突破之五 定语从句 一 修饰名词和代词的成分 keywords 定语 abeautifulflower atallboy beautiful tall 定语从句 修饰名词和代词的从句 thisisthebestfilmthatihaveseen 定语从句 thebestfilm 先行词 that 关系词 thisisthebestfilmthatihaveseen 关系词 引导定语从句 代替先行词 在从句中担当一个成分 关系词的作用 1 2 3 londonisthecitythat whichhashostedthe2012olympicgames london thecity hostthe2012olympicgames revision1theusageoftherelativepronoun who whom which that whose theusageoftherelativeadverb when where why time place reason adverbial adverbial adverbial 起限定作用 若省略 原句意义不完整 起补充说明作用 若省略 原句意义不受影响 修饰先行词 修饰先行词 整个句子 无逗号隔开 有逗号与主句隔开 有that 无that revision2限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 作宾语时可以省略 不可以省略 herbrotherwhoisnowasoldieralwaysencourageshertogotocollege herbrother whoisnowasoldier alwaysencourageshertogotocollege 她那当兵的哥哥总是鼓励她上大学 隐含意思 或许不止一个哥哥 她哥哥是当兵的 他总是鼓励她上大学 thebook that which iboughtyesterdayisharrypotterandtheorderofphoenix thebook whichiboughtyesterday isharrypotterandtheorderofphoenix 有that 作宾语时可以省略 不用that 作宾语时不可以省略 我昨天买的那本书是 哈利 波特与凤凰令 1 指物时只用that或which的情况2 介词 关系代词3 whose用法及转换形式4 as与which的区别5 指人时that与who的区别6 如何判断用关系副词还是关系代词7 定语从句中的主谓一致问题 常见考点 1 thisisall iknowaboutthematter a thatb whatc whod whether2 isthereanythingelse yourequire a whichb thatc whod what3 thelastplace wevisitedwasthegreatwall a whichb thatc whered it 考点一 that与which的区别 先行词为all little much everything nothing something anything等不定代词时 关系代词用 that 4 hetalkedhappilyaboutthemenandbooks interestedhimgreatlyintheschool a whichb thatc itd whom5 thereisnodictionary youcanfindeverything a thatb whichc whered inthat 6 isoxygentheonlygas helpsfireburn a thatb c whichd it 7 whichwasthehotel wasrecommendedtoyou a thatb whichc whered it 先行词为人和物的组合 先行词被all little much every no 等修饰时 先行词被序数词或最高级修饰 先行词前有序数词 thefirst 形容词最高级 thebest thelast thevery theonly等时 若主句中有疑问代词who或者which 为了避免重复 关系代词不要再用who which 而用that 1 先行词为all little much everything nothing something anything等不定代词 2 先行词被all little much every no 等修饰时 3 先行词被序数词或最高级修饰先行词前有序数词 thefirst 形容词最高级 thebest thelast thevery theonly等时 4 先行词为人和物的组合5 若主句中有疑问代词who或者which 为了避免重复 关系代词不要再用who which 而用that 只用that的情况 1 jimpassedthedrivingtest surprisedeverybodyintheoffice a whichbthatcthisd it 只用which的情况 1 逗号后面2 介词后面 2 theday hewasbornwasjan 20 2013 a onwhichb thatc whichd this 考点二 介词 关系代词 提醒 介词 关系代词引导的定语从句 关键是判断介词的选择 方法一 根据从句中动词或形容词与先行词习惯搭配方法二 根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系 注意 关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时 从句常常由 介词 关系代词 引出 此时关系代词只能用which或whom 不可用that或who代替 themanisfrombeijinguniversity italkedabouthimatthemeeting theman who whom that italkedaboutatthemeetingisfrombeijinguniversity jointhemintoonesentence themanaboutitalkedatthemeetingisfrombeijinguniversity 关系代词紧跟在介词后面时 不能用that 也不能省略 常用which或whom 该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前 也可放在从句之尾 whom 但遇到固定词组时 介词一般紧跟词组主体 不作前置 isthisthebook which that youarelookingfor fillingblanks 1 theman youshookhandsjustnowisourheadmaster 2 theroom myfamilyliveusedtobeagarage withwhom inwhich 考点三 whose用法及转换形式 1 whose引导定语从句 其后应紧跟名词 构成名词短语 that sthechildwhosefatherisateacher doyouknowthewomanwhosehusbandisadoctor thisisabookwhosecoverisgreen 2 whose引导定语从句 其先行词不仅可以指人 还可以指物 3 whose的先行词指物时 可用ofwhich代替 但词序不同 即whose 名词 the n ofwhich ofwhich the n helivesintheroomwhosewindowfacessouth helivesintheroom facessouth helivesintheroom facessouth thewindowofwhich ofwhichthewindow 考点四 as与which引导的定语从句 两者均可引导非限制性定语从句 有时可以互换 但下列情况多用as 1 当与such或thesame连用时 一般用as e g suchbooksasyoutellmeareinteresting ihavethesameplanasyou 2 as引导的从句可以放在句首 as本身有 正如 正象 之意 与之连用的词有know see expect announce pointout等 e g asweallknow theearthisround 1 wasnatural hemarriedjenny a whichb thatc thisd as2 suchsigns weuseintheexperiment greekletters a as areb as isc that ared that is 3 sheisverygoodatdance everybodyknows a thatb whichc whod as4 hasbeensaidabove grammarisasetofdeadrules a whichb whatc thatd as5 wedothesamework theydo a whichb asc thand like anyone breaksthelawispunished those breakthelawarepunished he breaksthelawispunished 在anyone those he she i they作先行词时 用 who 代替 that 考点五 that与who的区别 who who who 考点六 如何判断用关系副词还是关系代词 选用定语从句的关系词时 需注意两点 1 先行词2 关系词在从句中充当的成分 做主语 宾语 定语用 做状语用 关系代词 关系副词 iwillneverforgettheday ifirstwenttoschool iwillneverforgettheday wespentinbeijing thehouse wevisitedisbeingrepairednow thehouse luxunoncelivedisbeingrepairednow when which that which that where 考点七 定语从句中主谓一致问题定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的先行词保持一致 1 iamnotonewho afraidofdifficulty 2 don tchooseme who notfitforthisjob is am 3 thisisoneofthebestbooks a thathaveeverbeenwrittenb thathaseverbeenwrittenc thathaswrittend thathavewritten4 sheisnottheonlyoneofthegirls wellinclass a whichsingsb whosingc whosingsd whotosing 1 isthisfactory wevisitedlastweek d isthisthefactory wevisitedlastweek a whereb thatc towhichd theone b 解题关键 如果是疑问句式 将其转化为陈述句式 exercises 2 letmethinkofapropersituation thissentencecanbeused a whereb thatc ofwhomd which a 先行词是situation case scene 时 一般用where 也可用inwhich 3 shewillneverforgettheday shespentinbeijing a whenb whatc whichd why c shewillneverforgettheday shestayedwithhiminbeijing a 5 thecollegewon ttakeanyone eyesightisweak a whob whosec ofwhomd which b 6 those totakepartinthegamewritedownyournames a whob whowantc whowantsd what b 7 idon tlikeenglish grammariamnotinterested idon tlikeenglish grammarisdifficulttolearn ilikethishouse doorwayisjustenoughtoget ilikethishouse doorwayissmall a inwhichb whichc throughwhosed whose a d c d 8 i yourgoodfriend willtrymybesttohelpyouout a whoisb whatisc whatamd whoam d 9 whichofthetwocows youkeepproducesmoremilk a whichb thatc whatd as b 10 hiswalkingstick hecan twalk waslostyesterday a thatb withwhichc whichd withoutwhich d 11 whichofthetwocows youkeepproducesmoremilk a whichb thatc whatd as b 12 asmanymembers werepresentagreedtotheplan a whob thatc whichd as d 13 hemustbefromafrica canbeseenfromhisskin a thatb asc whod what b 14 thisisthesamepen ilostyesterday a asb thatc theoned a b d 比较 thesamepenasilost thesamepenthatilost 表示这支笔与我不见的那支很像 不一定就是 则表示这支笔就是我不见的那支 15 theteachergaveussodifficultaproblem wecouldn tsolve theteachergaveussodifficultaproblem wecouldn tsolveit a asb thatc whichd theones a b so that后面跟的是一个结果状语从句 16 ismentionedabove thenumberofthestudentsinseniorhighschoolisincreasing a whichb asc whatd that b 17 i lltellyou hetoldmelastnight a allwhichb allwhatc thatalld all d 18 howdoyoulikethebook it squitedifferentfrom ireadlastmonth a thatb whichc theoned theonewhat c 19 therearethreelibrariesinourschool werebuiltfiveyearsago a allofthemb eitherofthemc allofwhichd bothofthat c 20 iboughtsomebooksfromthebookstore