大学英语3 UNIT ONE SECTION A NEW WORDS.doc

New Words:endurance endurance (n.) -endure (v.);n.U the ability to continue doing sth. difficult or painful over a long period of time 忍耐；忍耐力EG: The exercise obviously will improve strength and endurance. 显然，这种锻炼会增强体力和耐力。Long distance races are won by the runners with the greatest endurance. 长跑比赛的获胜者是最有耐力的运动员。moderate a.1. neither very big nor very small in amount, quality, degree, etc. 中等的，适度的EG: Its a moderate price for a car of this type. Most people on moderate incomes can afford one. 对于这种类型的车，这个价位是适中的。中等收入的人大多数都买得起。Ten years of working in the company and saving money enabled him to afford a house of moderate size. 在公司工作了10年，又存了钱，他有能力买一栋中等大小的房子。2. reasonable and avoiding extreme opinions or actions 温和的；不极端的EG: He is a person who is politically moderate. 他这个人在政治上很稳健。I dont like extremists; I like those who hold moderate views. 我不喜欢极端分子；我喜欢那些政治观点温和的人。evidence evidence (n.) -evident (a.) -evidently (ad.);n.U facts or physical signs that help prove sth. 迹象；证据EG: Can you show me any evidence for your statement? 你能不能给我出示你这种说法的证据? When the police arrived he had already destroyed the evidence that showed he was guilty. 警察来时，他已销毁了罪证。He is rather in evidence in a red jacket . 他穿着红夹克很显眼。He is the sort of man who likes to be in evidence.他是那种喜欢出风头的人。formerly ad.in earlier times 以前，从前EG: Formerly he worked in a factory, but now he is a teacher. 他先前在工厂工作，现在是一名教师。The professor who gave us a lecture about postmodernism had formerly been in the Navy. 给我们做关于后现代主义讲座的教授以前在海军工作过。journal journal (n.) -journalist (n.); n.C a magazine which is published regularly 杂志，期刊EG: An article about the dangers of the new drug has recently been published in the British Medical Journal. 最近，英国医学报上发表了一篇关于这种新药的危害性的文章。She conducted a thorough study on the effects of exercise and had its findings published in scientific journals. 她对锻炼的效果作了深入研究，并将研究发现刊登在科学杂志上。consume consume (v.) -consumer (n.) -consumption (n.); vt.1. eat or drink 吃；喝EG: He consumed nearly two pints of milk per day when he stayed with his grandparents on the farm. 和他祖父母住在农场时，他每天喝将近两品脱牛奶。As expected, the amount of ice cream consumed is highest in the summer. 正如所料，人们在夏天吃冰淇淋吃得最多。2. use sth., esp. in large amounts 消耗；花费EG: Thats the trouble with those big powerful carsthey consume too much fuel. 这就是大马力汽车的缺点太耗油。Whole days are consumed by exhausting discussions. Cant we do something useful and meaningful? 整天整天的时间被耗费在使人身心交瘁的讨论之中。能不能做点有用的、有意义的事？supplement supplement (n.) -supplementary (a.) -supply (v.);n.1.C sth. extra that is added to make sth. better 增补物，补充物EG: I take supplements regularly and do exercises every day. 我经常服用补剂，并且每天进行锻炼。The money I get from teaching evening classes provides a supplement to the income from my primary job. 我在夜校教书的收入是工资的补充。The money I get from teaching piano is a useful supplement to my ordinary income.我教钢琴的钱是对正常收入很管用的补充。vt.add sth. extra in order to improve sth. 增补，补充EG: They had to get a job to supplement their family income, or they would have little to eat. 他们不得不找一份工作以贴补家庭收入，不然就没什么东西吃了。In the busy holiday season, extra buses are provided to supplement the existing service. 在繁忙的度假季节，会增开汽车以补充现有服务。She supplements her diet with vitamin tablets. 她用维生素片补充饮食中的营养。bounce v.(cause sth. to) spring back when hitting sth. hard （使）弹回；（使）反弹EG: She bounced the ball once or twice before serving. 她发球前把球弹了一两下。The ball hit the ground and bounced high into the air. 球碰到地面又高高地弹到空中。respectivelyrespectively (ad.) -respective (a.); ad.separately in the order mentioned 分别地；各自地EG: In the 200 meters, Lisa and Rose came in first and third respectively. 在200米赛跑中，莉萨和罗兹分别取得了第一名和第三名。German and Italian language courses are held in Munich and Rome respectively. 德语课和意大利语课分别在慕尼黑和罗马开设。ratio n.C the relationship between two groups or amounts, which expresses how much bigger one is than the other 比率；比例EG: The ratio of boys to girls in this class is one to three. 这班的男女生比例是一比三。The bottom chart shows the ratio of personal debt to personal income. 底端的图表显示了个人债务与个人收入的比例。The ratio of 1 to 5 equals that of 20 to 100. 1比5等于20 比 100。Men outnumber women here in the ratio of 3 to 1. 此地男子的数量以3比1超过女子。childbearing n.U the process of being pregnant and giving birth to a baby 生孩子；生育EG: Those women of child-bearing age who weigh less than 40 kilograms may pass their malnutrition on to their infants. 体重不超过40公斤的育龄妇女可能将其营养不良带给自己的婴儿。For most women, working and childbearing are alternatives, at least for a few years. 对于大多数女性来说，至少在几年内，工作和生育是个两难的选择。plus conj.used to add more information 并且，而且EG: Plus, the girl didnt care whether he was rich or not. 况且，那姑娘不在乎他是否有钱。Plus, he was a father of three little children. 此外，他还是三个幼小的孩子的父亲。prep.used when one number is added to another 加EG: Three plus six is 9. 3加6等于9。They will pay about $675 million plus interest. 他们大约要支付6.75亿美元，外加利息。The cost is a pound plus 10 pence for postage. 费用为1镑，外加10便士邮费。absorb vt. 1. take in a gas, liquid, etc. 吸收EG: This material absorbs water. 这种材料能吸水。Move the plants to a south-facing wall, where they can absorb daytime heat. 把这些植物移到朝南的墙边，这样它们可以吸收白天的热气。2. hold sb.s attention completely or interest sb. greatly 吸引.的注意力；使.感兴趣EG: The game absorbed the childrens attention. 游戏吸引了孩子们的注意力。The movement and noise of the machines absorbed him completely. 这些机器的运转和声音完全吸引了他的注意力。Plants absorb nutrients from soil. 植物从土壤中吸收养分。 His firm was absorbed into a big company. 他的公司被一家大公司吞并了。He is lying on bed, absorbed in a book. 他躺在床上，专心读书。restrict vt.limit the size or amount of sth. 限制；控制EG: Because the campus is small, there is a need to restrict the number of students. 由于校园小，有必要限制学生人数。The first step in giving up smoking is to restrict oneself to two or three cigarettes a day. 戒烟的第一步，是限制自己每天只吸两到三支烟。In order to lose weight, she restrict herself to one meal a day. 为了减肥，她限制自己每天只吃一餐饭。Speed is restricted to 30 mph in towns. 市区内车速限制在每小时30 英里。liable a.1. ( to do sth.) likely to do sth. bad or unpleasant 易出问题的；易做坏事的EG: He is liable to shout when angry. 他一生气就容易高声叫喊。He is not a man who is liable to harm himself. 他不是那种可能伤害自己的人。2. ( to sth.) likely to suffer from sth. unpleasant 易遭受.的EG: This part of town is liable to flooding. 城镇的这个地区易受水灾。She will not grow into a woman particularly liable to depression. 她不会变成一个容易沮丧的女人。allowance allowance (n.) -allow (v.);n. C an amount of sth. that is allowed in particular circumstances 限额，定量EG: Youll have to pay extra money if you exceed your luggage allowance. 如果你行李超重的话，就必须额外交费。We formerly had a basic grain allowance. 以前我们的粮食是有基本定额的。digest digest (v. / n.) -digestive (a.); vt. 1. change what sb. has eaten into substances that the body needs 消化EG: Nutrients from the digested food can be absorbed into the blood. 已消化食物的营养可被吸收到血液里。Cheese doesnt digest easily, so its advisable not to have too much of it. 奶酪不易消化，因此最好不要吃得太多。2. understand information, esp. when there is a lot of it or it is difficultto understand 领会；理解EG: It took me some time to digest what I had heard. 我花了一些时间才把听到的东西弄明白。They learn well but seem to need time to digest information. 他们学得不错，但好像需要时间对信息进行消化吸收。digestive a.relating to digestion 消化的EG: digestive functions 消化功能The digestive process starts even before the first bite of food. 甚至在进食之前消化过程就已经开始了。impact n.C an effect or influence 影响；作用EG: The computer has had a great impact on modern life. 计算机对现代生活产生了重大影响。The impact of the changes brought about by modern technology has not yet fully been felt. 现代技术所带来的变化尚未被充分认识。Her speech made a great impact on/upon everyone.她的演说对大家震动很大。vessel n.1. C a tube that carries blood through the body, or carries liquid through a plant 血管；脉管EG: He had broken a blood vessel in a race. 在一次赛跑中，他的一根血管破裂了。The scientist underwent surgery to repair a broken blood vessel in the brain. 这位科学家做了手术，修复大脑里的一根破裂血管。2. C a large boat or ship 船；舰EG: The Port of Shanghai is filled with vessels of various kinds. 上海港停满了各种各样的船只。At the height of his shipping career, he owned about 60 vessels. 在他航运事业的高峰期，他拥有60艘船。leak v.(cause to) get out or in through a hole or crack （使）漏；（使）渗EG: Water is leaking in through the window frame. 水通过窗框渗进来。The tank is leaking petrol. 这个桶在漏汽油。n.C a hole or crack through which liquid or gas can come in or out 漏洞；裂缝EG: The boat has sprung a leak and filled with water. 船有一个裂缝，进满了水。Youd better repair that leak in the fuel pipe. 你最好修理一下燃料管道的裂缝。typical typical (a.) -type (n. / v.) -typist (n.);a.like most things of the same type 典型的；有代表性的EG: I must look like the typical teacher with my black-framed glasses. 戴着黑框眼镜，我看上去一定很像老师。This sort of hot food is very typical of the food in the south. 这种辣味食品是南方非常典型的食品。typicallyad.1. usually 通常；一般EG: It typically get 30 mails a day. 通常情况下，我一天有板有眼30逢邮件。Typically it is the girls who offer to help, not the boys. 一般都是女孩子主动帮助别人，不是男孩子。2. in a typical manner 典型地；有代表性地EG: Paul, in typically rude fashion, told me he was lying. 保罗以其特有的粗鲁方式告诉我，他在撒谎。He greeted me with typically American hospitality. 他以美国人特有的热情迎接我。molecule n.C 分子EG: binuclear molecule 双核分子This happens due to the collisions between the molecules. 这种现象是分子间相互冲撞的结果。protein n.C, U 蛋白质EG: a high protein diet 高蛋白食物Fish was a major source of protein for the workmen. 对这些工人来说，鱼是蛋白质的主要来源。calculate calculate (v.) -calculator (n.); vt.1. work out a number or amount by using numbers 计算EG: From this table you can calculate the total profit we made this month. 根据这个表，你可以算出我们这个月的总利润。We calculate that the average size of farms in this region is 65 acres. 我们计算出本地区农场的平均面积是65英亩。2. make a judgment about what is likely to happen 估计；推测EG: The experts calculate that the markets for these computers will expand by 200% in the next three years. 专家预测，在未来的三年中这种计算机的市场会扩大两倍。I dont know, but I calculate that she doesnt like this kind of play. 我不知道，但我猜想她不喜欢这类戏剧。sufficientsufficient (a.) -suffice (v.); a.enough 足够的，充分的EG: We dont have sufficient food for everybody. 我们没有足够的食物分给每个人。There is no sufficient evidence to show that he suffers from iron deficiency. 没有足够证据表明他缺铁。Is the money sufficient for you? 这些钱够你用吗？ How much is sufficient for the party? 这次聚会需要多少钱？compound n.C sth. consisting of two or more different parts 复合物；化合物EG: Common salt is a compound. 食盐是一种化合物。Organic compounds contain carbon in their molecules. 有机复合物分子中含有碳。storage storage (n.) -store (n. /v.);n. U the act of storing sth. 储存，储藏EG: We had to build more rooms to give us more storage space. 我们得建更多的屋子来增加储藏空间。Cold storage is used to keep eggs and meat from spoiling. 冷藏可以防止蛋类和肉类变质。advisable advisable (a.) -advise (v.); a.that should be done in order to avoid problems 明智的；可取的EG: Its advisable that you leave now, or youll be in trouble when the teacher gets back. 你最好现在就离开，不然老师回来你就麻烦了。Because of the popularity of the region, it is advisable to book hotels in advance. 该地区很有名气，因此明智的做法是预先订好旅馆。yearly a.once a year 每年的；一年一度的 EG: The flower show is a yearly event in our town. 我们镇上的花展一年举行一次。We get a yearly pay-increase if the companys profits increase. 如果公司的利润增加了，我们就每年加薪一次。physiciann.C (AmE) a doctor （内科）医生EG: A physician was called in. 医生请来了。He prefers to be a surgeon rather than a physician. 他喜欢当外科医生而不愿作内科医生。 modify vt.make small changes to sth. in order to improve it 修改；改进EG: The suggestions were only accepted in a modified form. 那些建议在稍微修改后被采纳了。These plans must be modified if they are to be used successfully. 这些计划只有加以改进才能成功实施。undo vt.1. remove the bad effects of sth. 取消；消除EG: The sudden fire undid months of hard work. 这场突如其来的大火把几个月的艰苦工作都化为乌有。She knew it would be difficult to undo the damage that had been done. 她知道很难消除已经造成的损害。2. untie or unfasten buttons, knots, belts, etc. 解开；松开EG: Can someone help me to undo my seat belt? 谁能帮我解开安全带？Id eaten so much that I had to undo my belt. 我吃得太多了，必须松一下皮带。shortcomingn.C a fault that makes sb. or sth. less effective 缺点；缺陷EG: Whatever his shortcomings as a husband, I think he was a good father. 不管作为一个丈夫他有什么缺点，我认为他是个好父亲。This system has its shortcomings, but on the whole were satisfied with it. 这种制度有缺点，但总的来说我们是满意的。leafya.having many leaves 多叶的，叶茂的 EG: leafy green vegetables, such as spinach 菠菜等多叶蔬菜A cry came from the leafy bush nearby. 从附近茂盛的灌木丛中传来一声尖叫。select vt.choose sb. or sth., esp. from a group 选择；挑选EG: He was selected to play for England. 他被选出来代表英国参加比赛。He selected three books from the list and bought them. 他从书单上挑了三本并买了下来。cereal n.C, U 谷类作物；谷类食物EG: breakfast cereal 早餐谷类食品I have a glass of milk and a bowl of cereal every morning. 我每天早上喝一杯牛奶，吃一碗麦片。plentiful plentiful (a.) -plenty (n.);a.present or available in large quantities 大量的；丰富的EG: Fish are plentiful in this lake. 这湖里有很多鱼。They had a plentiful supply of food on the ship. 他们在船上储备了很多食品。derive vt. obtain sth. from sth. else 取得，得到EG: She derives great joy from playing the piano. 她从弹钢琴中得到极大的快乐。He is one of those people who can derive pleasure from helping others. 他是那种能从帮助他人中得到快乐的人。vi.(from) have sth. as an origin 源自EG: The word derive is derived from Latin. derive 一词源于拉丁语。Their fear derives from a belief that these people have supernatural powers. 他们的恐惧是由于认为这些人有超自然的力量。We derive great pleasure from our studies. 我们从学习中得到很多乐趣。Thousands of English words derive from Latin. 很多英语单词来源于拉丁语。striking striking (a.) -strike (v./n.);a.unusual or interesting enough to be easily noticed 显著的；引人注目的EG: There is a striking contrast between the two explanations. 这两种解释有明显的差别。Perhaps the most striking aspect of this computer is that it is so easy to use. 也许这台电脑最显著的特点在于其使用十分方便。substance substance (n.) -substantial (a.); n.C solid or liquid materials 物质EG: poisonous substances 有毒物品The police try hard to prevent the illegal substanceheroinfrom coming into China. 警察全力防止违禁品海洛因进入中国。interfere interfere (v.) -interference (n.)vi.get involved in a situation and try to influence the way it develops 介入；干涉；干扰EG: Id never interfere between a husband and wife. 我从不干涉夫妻之间的事。Dont interfere in matters that dont concern you. 不要介入那些与你无关的事。remedy vt.correct or improve a situation 补救；纠正EG: This mistake must be remedied. 这一错误必须得到纠正。Your difficulties with pronunciation can be remedied. 你发音的毛病是可以纠正的。n.1. C a solution to a problem 补救措施；补救方法EG: The best remedy for grief is hard work. 克服悲痛的最好方法就是努力工作。There are many different kinds of natural remedies that help overcome iron deficiency. 有很多种不同的帮助克服缺铁的自然疗法。2. C a cure for pain or a minor illness 治疗法EG: herbal remedies 草药疗法Comfrey seems to have been a remedy for all ills. 紫草科植物好像可以包治百病。Phrases and Expressions:bounce back: feel better or become successful after experiencing sth. bad 恢复健康；振作起来EG: Small children often catch diseases, but they soon bounce back. 小孩容易得病，但恢复得也快。Although she was disappointed about not getting the job, Jane soon bounced back. 虽然简为没有得到那份工作感到失望，但她很快就恢复过来了。in general: in most situations or for most people 大体上；通常EG: Do you think its true that people in general are against the project? 你认为人们真的普遍反对这项计划吗？In general her work has been good, but this essay is awful. 她的作品一向很好，可是这篇文章糟透了。up to:used for saying the most an amount can be 多达；高达EG: Would you like a lift? I can take up to four people in my c