中美餐桌礼仪差异 ——table manners.doc

进餐时的礼仪：（Generalmannerswhiledining）在家庭式的用餐中常常是把一盘菜传到各位的面前，有时由主人把菜拿到客人面前，稍微讲究一点的会有佣人把菜呈到客人面前。如果是传的话，你要按其他盘子传的同一个方向把菜传给下一位。当你拿到传过来的菜盘子，你可以从中取菜。在取的时候，不要取超过餐桌上人数比例的量，这样的话餐桌上的每一个人都能得到一份。如果你不想吃传过来的菜，那就把它递给下一位，但是千万不要解释你为什么不吃或者作什么评论。如果是有人把菜盘子端给你，他会问你是否需要，你可以简单地回答“是的，请给一些”或者“谢谢，我不需要”。（Whenadishisofferedfromaservingdish(a.k.a.familystyle),asisthetraditionalmanner,thefoodmaybepassedaroundorservedbyahostorstaff.Ifpassed,youshouldpassontheservingdishtothenextpersoninthesamedirectionastheotherdishesarebeingpassed.Placetheservingdishonyourleft,takesome,andpasstothepersonnexttoyou.Youshouldconsiderhowmuchisontheservingdishandnottakemorethanaproportionalamountsothateveryonemayhavesome.Ifyoudonotcareforanyofthedish,passittothenextpersonwithoutcomment.Ifbeingservedbyasingleperson,theservershouldrequestiftheguestwouldlikeanyofthedish.TheguestmaysayYes,please,orNo,thankyou.）当为进餐人士服务的时候，上菜都是从进餐者的左边放到他（她）的前面；而撤盘子的时候，都是从进餐者的右边拿走。但是对于饮料，可以从左右的任何一方呈上和撤离。（Whenserving,servefromtheleftandpick-upthedishfromtheright.Beverages,however,aretobebothservedaswellasremovedfromtheright-handside）在喝汤的时候，用汤匙由靠近你的一处开始，向远离你的方向打汤。不要把整个汤匙放入嘴里来喝汤，而是在汤匙的边上喝汤。如果汤碗里只剩一点儿汤了，你可以用不拿汤匙的手把汤碗靠近你的一边略略提起，这将使你比较容易把余下的汤流入你的汤匙。（Dipyoursoupspoonawayfromyouintothesoup.Eatsoupnoiselessly,fromthesideofthespoon.Whenthereisasmallamountleft,youmayliftthefrontendofthedishslightlywithyourfreehandtoenablecollectionofmoresoupwithyourspoon）如果光用叉子把食物叉起来有困难的话，可以用一小片面包或者餐刀帮忙；但是千万不要直接用手。（Ifyouarehavingdifficultygettingfoodontoyourfork,useasmallpieceofbreadoryourknifetoassist.Neveruseyourfingersorthumb）按美国人的习惯，你不一定要吃餐桌上所有的菜，而且到最后你盘子里的菜没有吃完，也不是不礼貌的。不要询问别人为什么不吃某个菜，或者询问别人为什么不把菜吃完（ItisacceptableintheUnitedStatesnottoacceptallofferings,andtonotfinishallthefoodonyourplate.Nooneshouldaskwhyanotherdoesntwantanyofadishorwhyhehasnotfinishedaserving）。不要对餐桌上的菜进行批评，也不应该对菜的分量多少进行品头论足。（Thereshouldbenonegativecommentsaboutthefoodnoroftheofferingsavailable）吃东西的时候要闭上嘴。不要在吃东西的时候发出声音，嘴里有食物的时候也不要讲话；在吃的时候也不该有不应有的噪声发出来。（Chewwithyourmouthclosed.Donotslurp,talkwithfoodinyourmouth,ormakeloudorunusualnoiseswhileeating）当你需要离开餐桌的时候，只要说“对不起”或者“对不起，我得离开一下”就可以了。不要详细解释为什么要离开的原因，更不要说“我要上厕所了”之类的话语。（SayExcuseme,orExcuseme.Illberightback,beforeleavingthetable.Donotstatethatyouaregoingtotherestroom）不要大声说话，好像非要全桌的人都必须听你似的；要让其他人也有说话的机会。（Donottalkexcessivelyloudly.Giveothersequalopportunitiesforconversation）千万不要在餐桌上擤鼻子或者吐痰。如果你必须做这些，你得先离开餐桌，在隐秘的地方进行。（Refrainfromblowingyournoseatthetable.Excuseyourselffromthetableifyoumustdoso）在餐桌上不该打饱嗝儿、咳嗽、打哈欠和打喷嚏之类。万一你做了，赶快向大家表示歉意，说“对不起”。（Burping,coughing,yawning,orsneezingatthetableshouldbeavoided.Ifyoudoso,say,Excuseme.）坐在餐椅上，不可以没精打采、装聋作哑的样子，也不可把椅子向后倾斜，翘椅子坐。（Neverslouchortiltbackwhileseatedinyourchair）不可以玩弄食物或者餐具；更不能拿着餐具手舞足蹈地讲话，不能拿餐具指人。（Donotplaywithyourfoodorutensils.Neverwaveorpointsilverware）你可以把你手肘以下的部分放在餐桌上，但是不可把手肘放在餐桌上。（Youmayrestforearmsorhandsonthetable,butnotelbows）餐桌上不可使用手机讲话或者收发短讯，也不该看书和听随身听。只有在早餐的时候可以看报。如果有什么紧急的事必须通话，那也必须先向全桌的人打个招呼，然后离开餐桌才接电话，以免你的讲话影响大家。（Donottalkonyourphoneortextatthetable,orotherwisedosomethingdistracting,suchasreadorlistentoapersonalmusicplayer.Readingatthetableispermittedonlyatbreakfast.Ifanurgentmatterarises,apologize,excuseyourself,andstepawayfromthetablesoyourconversationdoesnotdisturbtheothers）如果有些放到嘴里的东西必须拿出来的话，你必须按照：用什么方式放入嘴的，也用同样的方式拿出来。只有鱼刺可以用手拿出来。（Iffoodmustberemovedfromthemouthforsomereason,itshouldbedoneusingthesamemethodwhichwasusedtobringthefoodtothemouth,i.e.byhand,byfork,etc.,withtheexceptionoffishbones,whichareremovedfromthemouthbetweenthefingers）在没有把你自己盘子里的那一份吃完以前，不可以要更多同样的菜。（Beforeaskingforadditionalhelpings,alwaysfinishtheservingonyourplatefirst）在正式宴会中，男士们在女士进入和离开餐桌的时候都应该起立。（Gentlemenshouldstandwhenaladyleavesorrejoinsthetableinformalsocialsettings）使用餐具的礼仪：（Usingutensils）叉子是用来把块状食物送入嘴里的工具。不要直接用手抓着吃。可以直接用手的食物是：面包，芦笋尖，鸡翅膀，和比萨饼之类。（Theforkisusedtoconveysolidfoodtothemouth.Donotuseyourfingersunlesseatingfoodscustomarilyeatenassuch,suchasbread,asparagusspears,chickenwings,pizza,etc）不可把餐具当乐器来玩弄。（Donotmakeunnecessarynoiseswithutensils）美国式的用叉法是：右手拿刀左手拿叉；右手不拿刀时，可以用右手拿叉。欧洲式的用叉法是：永远用左手拿叉。（TheforkmaybeusedeitherintheAmericanstyle(usetheforkinyourlefthandwhilecutting;switchtorighthandtopickupandeatapiece)ortheEuropeanContinentalstyle(forkalwaysinlefthand).）除非餐桌上提供专门放刀的刀架以外，在不用餐刀时，餐刀应该平放在远离你的盘子一边，刀口对你自己。不可把刀的一头放在盘子上，另外一头放在餐桌上。（Unlessaknifestandisprovided,theknifeshouldbeplacedontheedgeofyourplatewhennotinuseandshouldfaceinward）当你取菜的时候，用餐具从靠近你一边的盘子边缘，向盘子的中心移动来取菜。如果在送上甜点心的时候没有同时附上餐具，那为甜点心所预备的餐具一定已经预先放在你的主菜盘子远离你的一端。（Ascoursesareserved,useyoursilverwarefromtheoutsidemovinginwardtowardthemainplate.Dessertutensilsareeitherabovethemainplateorservedwithdessert）宴席结束时的礼仪：（Attheendofthemeal）只要你把餐具平行放在盘子中央，餐具柄放在盘子的右侧，叉子口向上，这就是你吃好了一道菜的标准，无论你是否吃完，服务员就会把这个盘子连餐具一起收走。所以不要把用过了的餐具放在餐桌上。（Whenyouhavefinishedyourmeal,placeallusedutensilsontoyourplatetogether,ontherightside,pointedup,sothewaiterknowsyouhavefinished.Donotplaceusedutensilsonthetable）如果你被邀请在餐厅就餐或者参与一个正式的宴会，在结束的时候不要提出把剩余的食物打包回家。虽然主人常常会客气地请客人把剩余的食物带回家，但是作为客人不可先提出要带回家的要求。（Exceptinapublicrestaurant,donotasktotakesomeuneatenfoodorleftovershome,andneverdosowhenattendingaformaldinner.Ahostmaysuggestthatextrafoodbetakenbytheguests,butshouldnotinsist）把餐巾放在椅子上，是表示还要回来的意思。轻轻地把餐巾放在你主餐盘的左方，是表示你已经吃完了这整一桌餐了。（Leavethenapkinontheseatofyourchaironlyifleavingtemporarily.Whenyouleavethetableattheendofthemeal,looselyplacetheusednapkinonthetabletotheleftofyourplate）/link?url=tKi6ZhQJv1iGH4dMSFkpIDx02773-0Ym1B680PUSRhlEnuT3bUFa8l1ehY1cwgSCiNf0KRJBj2eBJ0fAiszPXardUYv_KepRpPZeBKjCGCippt /p-893576911254.html /p-597594920384.htmlTable Manners in ChinaTalking about eating habit, unlike the West, where everyone has their own plate of food, inChinathe dishes are placed on the table and everybody shares. Chinese are very proud of their culture of cuisine （烹饪）and will do their best to show their hospitality（好客）. And sometimes the host will serve some dishes with his or her own chopsticks to guests to show his or her hospitality. This is a sign of politeness. The appropriate（适宜的）thing to do would be to eat the whatever-it-is and say how yummy（很好吃）it is. If you feel uncomfortable with this, you can just say a polite thank you and leave the food there. There some other rules that are suggested you follow to make your stay in China happier, though you will be forgiven（饶恕、原谅）if you have no idea of what they are.1. Never stick your chopsticks upright in the rice bowl, lay them on your dish instead. Otherwise（否则、不然）, it is deemed（认为、相信）extremely impolite to the host and seniors（年长的、年长者）present. The reason for this is that when somebody dies, the shrine（圣物）to them contains（包括、含有） a bowl of sand or rice with two sticks of incense（香）stuck upright in it. So if you stick your chopsticks in the rice bowl, it looks like the shrine and is equivalent（相当于）to wishing death upon a person at the table.2. Make sure the spout（壶嘴）of the teapot is not facing anyone. It is impolite to set the teapot down where the spout is facing towards somebody. The spout should always be directed to where nobody is sitting, usually just outward（向外的）from the table.3. Dont tap（拍、敲）on your bowl with your chopsticks, since that will be deemed insult （侮辱）to the host or the chef. Beggars（乞丐）tap on their bowls, and also, when the food is coming too slow in a restaurant, people will tap their bowls. If you are in someones home, it is like insulting the host or the cook.4. Never try to turn a fish over and debone（去骨头）it yourself, since the separation（分离、分开）of the fish skeleton（骨骼、骨架）from the lower half of the flesh（肉、肉体）will usually be performed by the host or a waiter. Superstitious（迷信的） people deem bad luck will ensue（结果是、产生的后果）and a fishing boat will capsize（倾覆）if you do so. This is especially true to southerners inChina(to be specific, such asGuangdong, Guangxi andFujianprovinces, etc.), since, traditionally（传统的）, southerners are the fishing population./content/1684855Table mannersTable mannersare the rules ofetiquetteused whileeating, which may also include the appropriate use ofutensils. Differentculturesobserve different rules for table manners. Each family or group sets its own standards for how strictly these rules are to be enforced.North AmericaModern etiquette provides the smallest numbers and types of utensils necessary for dining. Only utensils which are to be used for the planned meal should be set. Even if needed, hosts should not have more than three utensils on either side of the plate before a meal. If extra utensils are needed, they may be brought to the table along with later courses.8A table cloth extending 1015inches past the edge of the table should be used for formal dinners, while placemats may be used for breakfast, lunch, and informal suppers.9Candlesticks, even if not lit, should not be on the table while dining during daylight hours.10Mens and unisex hats should never be worn at the table. Ladies hats may be worn during the day if visiting others.11Phones and other distracting items should not be used at the dining table. Reading at a table is permitted only at breakfast, unless the diner is alone.12Urgent matters should be handled, after an apology, by stepping away from the table.If food must be removed from the mouth for some reason, a diner should subtly bring the napkin to his/her mouth (as if to wipe his/her mouth) and quietly spit out the food into the napkin, which is then returned to the lap (while still concealing the partially chewed inedibles). The diner thus avoids insulting the cook/host since the process is nearly indistinguishable from merely wiping ones mouth. An exception is that fish bones may be removed from the mouth between the fingers.The fork may be used in the American style (in the left hand while cutting and in the right hand to pick up food) or the European Continental style (fork always in the left hand). (SeeFork etiquette) The napkin should be left on the seat of a chair only when leaving temporarily.13Upon leaving the table at the end of a meal, the napkin is placed loosely on the table to the left of the plate.14ChinaSeating and serving customs play important roles in Chinese dining etiquette. For example, the diners should not sit down or begin to eat before the host (or guest of honor) has done so. When everyone is seated, the host offers to pour tea, beginning with the cup of the eldest person. The youngest person is served last as a gesture of respect for the elders.Just as in Western cultures, communal utensils (chopsticks and spoons) are used to bring food from communal dishes to an individuals own bowl (or plate). It is considered rude and unhygienic for a diner to use his or her own chopsticks to pick up food from communal plates a