英语语法——英语句子成分分析.doc

第三课时 英语语法英语句子成分分析句子是按照一定的语法规律组成的，表达一个完整的意义。一个句子一般由两部分构成，即主语部分和谓语部分，这两部分也叫做句子的主要成分。句子的次要成分包括宾语，定语，状语，表语，补语，同位语等。句子成分是句子中起一定功用的组成部分。英语句子成分歌英语句子八呀八大块， 主谓宾表真呀真实在；补语跟着宾语表语跑， 定语同位（语）专把名词踹。状语的位置它自由自在， 忽右忽左随心所欲摆。浑身的毛病真呀真不少， 前后乱窜它还会加塞。（RAI八大成分的概念和构成1 主语(名词代词形)：句子的主体，是谓语陈述，说明的对象。充当主语的形式：1）名词 2）代词 3）名词短语 4）名词从句 5）数词 6）不定式7）-ing形式 8）介词短语（少见）如：Students study. 学生学习。 We are friends. 我们是朋友Watching a movie is pleasure, but making a movie is hard work.看电影是种享受，制作电影是件苦差事To teach English is my job. 教英语是我的工作。注意：不定式或动名词作主语时，一般用it作形式主语，不定时放句末作真正的主语。所以上面的句子可变为：It is my job teach English. The secret of success is to start from scratch and keep on scratching.成功的秘诀在于从磨练开始，并要坚持不断磨练。To see is to believe. (耳听为虚眼见为实). 2 谓语：表示主语的行为或进行的活动。充当谓语的形式：动词（英语句子的灵魂）谓语部分可以为：情态动词+原形动词 谓语动词单复数形式 be+现在分词或者过去分词。have/had+过去分词 do/does/did+原形动词如：I have a dream.He can speak English.All the man have done their best. Who teaches you English this year? The pizza has gone bad. You dont always want what you need, or need what you want.(所需之物未必皆所欲，所欲未必皆所需。)3 宾语：行为或活动的对象，接受者或受影响者。充当宾语形式：1）名词 2）代词 3）名词短语 4）名词从句 5）数词6）不定式 7）-ing形式She is playing the piano now.He often helps me.You should pay 5. You dont find opportunities, you should make them.你找不到机会。你得去创造机会。You probably wont hear opportunity knock if your television is always on.如果你常开着电视，你就可能听不到机会的敲门声。The angel also came to Joseph and told him the same thing.那个天使同样来到约瑟夫面前并且告诉他同样的事情。动词后面跟双宾语：动词+间接宾语(人)+直接宾语(物)/ 动词+直接宾语+介词+间接宾语。He often gives me some help.=he often gives help to me.Please make me a kite. =Please make a kite for me. （make, buy, borrow时,介词用for.其他动词一般用介词to）如果宾语是不定式、动名词、宾语从句,则常用it做形式宾语,而将真正的宾语移后I found (to do ) the job rather difficult. = I found it rather difficult to do the job.4 表语：说明主语的身份和情况。(跟在系动词后) 系动词主要有：be动词，感官动词（look，taste，smell，feel，sound，表状态变化的动词（get, become, turn，grow）seem , appear, keep ,remain 表语的构成形式：1）名词 2）形容词 3）代词 4）数词 5）不定式 6）ing形式7）过去分词 8）副词 9）介词短语 10）名词从句Time is money. You look very young.They were at home.Her face turned red.Three oclock is always too late or too early for anything you want to do.你想做什么事，三点钟总是太早或太迟。5补语：补充说明。（由动词类别来决定）补语的构成形式：1）名词 2）代词 3）形容词 4）数词 5）不定式 6）-ing形式7）过去分词 8）介词短语 9）名词从句主语补语Tom was made monitor.宾语补语I made Tom monitor.表语补语I am sure to succeed.6、定语：对名词性形式进行范围限定。 定语的构成形式：1）限定词 2）形容词 3）名词 4）数词 5）不定式 6）-ing形式7）过去分词 8）介词短语 10）关系从句This is beautiful music.There are only two kinds of musicgood and bad.自古音乐分两种，好的和坏的。7. 同位语：对被修饰对象进行补充说明或进一步解释。构成形式：1）名词2）代词3）名词短语4）数词5）不定式6）-ing形式7）名词从句Puff, the magic dragon, lived by the sea.8. 状语：修饰词，短语，从句和整句。位置：自由自在。表示行为发生的时间，地点，程度，频度，方式，伴随，原因，目的，比较等。Can you feel the love tonight?In order to catch up with my classmates , I must study hard.With his help, we worked out this problem.Home never looks so good as when you come back from getting away from it.只有出走又回家时，家才最感亲切。英语句子(sentence)=主语+谓语（核心：主动词）1) The teacher in the classroom.2) Sang many songs and danced happily.3) She attracts. 4)Many people living in the country. 4) All the books on the desk over there.以上这些形式 没有中心词（动词）都不能构成英语句子。II成分关系1补语跟着宾语表语跑：补语跟在宾语和表语的后面构成宾补和表补。把有宾补的句子变成被动语态，则宾补就变成了主补。To love others makes us happyto love ourselves makes us lonely.（宾补）We are made happy to love otherswe are made lonely to love ourselves.（主补）爱他人使我们幸福，在自己使我们孤单。2定语，同位（语）专把名词踹：定语，同位语修饰名词性形式Experience is the best teacher.（被定语所修饰的形式为名词）They are going to Melbourne, the beautiful city in southern Australia.（同位语所修饰的形式为名词）3谓语动词由状语修饰When you reach for the stars, you may not quite get one, but you wont come up with a handful of sand either.你想摘下天上的星星，可能一个也摘不下；但也不会一无所获。课后练习（一）请分析下面句子的结构说出各个成分1）I have two elder sisters. 2) They dont swim very well. 3) Do you go to school every day? 4) I really want a cup of tea. 5) Miss Smith teaches English very well.6）Our school is not far from my home. 7） It is a great pleasure to talk with you8） All of us considered him honest. 9） My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.10）He broke a piece of glass. 11）He made it clear that he would leave the city12）-I love you more than her，child 13） Trees turn green when spring comes.14）They pushed the door open.15） Grandma told me an interesting story last night16） He wrote carefully some letters to his friends. 17） All the students think highly of his teaching 18） Seeing a film is pleasure while making one is hard work.19） My job is to teach them English.20） Make yourself at home.21） The boss kept them working all day.22） He likes to sleep in the open air.23） We enjoy living in China.24） In order to catch up with my classmates, I must study hard.25） The boy in the room is Jack.26） His face turns red.27） I left him a message.28） The sun was shining.29） What he said does not matte30） He fell in love.31） He is growing tall and strong.32） The trouble is that they are short of money.33） I want to have a cup of tea.34） New methods make the job easy35） The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours.36） 10. The boy there needs a pen.(二)指出下列句中主语的中心词 The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. There is an old man coming here. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.To do todays homework without the teachers help is very difficult(三). 选出句中谓语的中心词 I dont like the picture on the wall.A. dont B. like C. picture D. wall The days get longer and longer when summer comes.A. get B. longer C. days D. summer Do you usually go to school by bus?A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?A. Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast Tom didnt do his homework yesterday.A. Tom B. didnt C. do D. his homework What I want to tell you is this.A. want B. to tell C. you D. is We had better send for a doctor.A. We B. had C. send D. doctor He is interested in music.A. is B. interested C. in D. music Whom did you give my book to?A. give B. did C. whom D. book（四) 挑出下列句中的表语 (5分，5分钟) The old man was feeling very tired. A B C D Why is he worried about Jim? A B C D The leaves have turned yellow. A B C D Soon They all became interested in the subject. A B C D She was the first to learn about it. A B C D(五) 挑出下列句中的宾语 My brother hasnt done his homework.A B C D People all over the world speak English. A B C D You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. A B C D How many new words did you learn last class? A B C D Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? A B C D The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill. A B C D They made him monitor of the class. A B C D Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left. A B C D You will find it useful after you leave school. A B C D They didnt know who Father Christmas really is. A B C D (六) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 (6分，6分钟)She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.A B C D He asked her to take the boy out of school. A B C D She found it difficult to do the work. A B C D They call