组合机床-外文翻译.doc

外 文 翻 译组合机床The aggregate machine-tool性 质: 毕业设计 毕业论文教 学 院：机电工程学院系 别：材料成型及控制工程系学生学号： 学生姓名： 专业班级：材控10XX指导教师： 职 称： 助 教起止日期：2014.03.012014.03.16 组合机床作者: Pramila Rani Nilanjan SarkarEric Vanman收到：2005年5月20日，接受:2005年12月25日,发表：2006年4月12日摘要：组合机床加工中心可使加工制造业适应不断变化的需求,有效利用劳动力资源,并在全球范围的市场上更具竞争力。关键词：组合机床组合机床是以通用部件为基础，配以按工件特定形状和加工工艺设计的专用部件和夹具，组成的半自动或自动专用机床。总机床的加工一般采用多轴，多方面的或多级加工，生产效率比通用机床高几倍至几十倍。由于标准化和序列化通用部件的使用，可以根据需要灵活配置，缩短设计和制造周期。因此，结合机低成本和高效率的优点,，在大型生产制造中得到广泛的应用。组合机床一般用于加工箱体类或非凡外形的零件。加工时，工件一般不旋转，由刀具的旋转运动和刀具与工件的相对进给运动，来实现钻孔、扩孔、锪孔、铰孔、镗孔、铣削平面、切削内外螺纹以及加工外圆和端面等。一些组合机床采用夹紧工件加工头旋转，可以实现一些轴对称的零件(如飞轮、汽车后轮半轴等等)的加工循环过程。1.部件分类通用部件按功能可分为动力部件、支承部件、输送部件、控制部件和辅助部件五类。动力部件是为组合机床提供主运动和进给运动的部件。主要有动力箱、切削头和动力滑台。支承部件用以安装动力滑台，包括各种底座和支架；输运部件用以输送工件或主轴箱至加工工位；控制部件用以控制机床的自动工作循环。输送部件是用以输送工件或主轴箱至加工工位的部件，主要有分度回转工作台、环形分度回转工作台、分度鼓轮和往复移动工作台等。控制部件是用以控制机床的自动工作循环的部件，有液压站、电气柜和操纵台等。辅助部件有润滑装置、冷却装置和排屑装置等。2.组合机床的发展为了使组合机床能在中小批量生产中得到应用，往往需要应用成组技术，把结构和工艺相似的零件集中在一台组合机床上加工，以提高机床的利用率。这类机床常见的有两种：主轴箱式组合机床和转塔式组合机床。组合机床未来的发展将更多的采用调速电动机和滚珠丝杠等传动，以简化结构、缩短生产节拍；采用数字控制系统和主轴箱、夹具自动更换系统，以提高工艺可调性；以及纳入柔性制造系统等。组合机床一般采用多轴、多刀、多工序、多面或多工位同时加工的方式，生产效率比通用机床高几倍至几十倍。由于通用部件已经标准化和系列化，可根据需要灵活配置，能缩短设计和制造周期。多轴箱聚合是机床的核心部件，它选择的共同部分，根据专用要求进行设计，在聚合机床设计的过程中是工作量大部件之一。根据工件加工孔的数量和位置工序图，加工示意图确定切削规范和主轴类型设计传输各种主要动力装置轴运动。这个设计用于顶部头孔加工钻孔机床。根据大小头孔顶部组件进行聚合机床一般设计、草拟原始依据图，确定主轴和齿轮模数，确定传动系统，计算主轴和传动轴的协调。通过以上的设计达到设计要求。为了满足数控组合机床的发展，诞生一个组件的数控机床数控模块。模块化数控机床的组合是数控机床的必要基础。数控模块极大地丰富了投资组合的通用机床，使一般机器类型的组合发生根本性的改变。数控模块根据它们的坐标控制，数控轴的主要有单坐标、双坐标和坐标。其主轴有单一和多轴复合处理模块。目前国内数控发展一维二维数控转台，如多轴自动更换主轴箱，数控旋转刀，机械手等。在过去的10年里，机床的高效、高生产率、灵活性有了很大的进步。尤其是汽车行业，为了提高汽车的性能，零部件精密加工提出许多新的要求。因此，机器性能要求也更高。近年来，随着数控技术、电子技术、计算机技术，机床的发展相结合的机械结构和控制系统也经历了巨大的变化。机床的发展如下：（1）数控 数控机床的机械结构和组成部分已经或正在经历一个巨大变化的通用标准。（2）模块化 数控的一两个模块极大地丰富通用机械的组成部分，它将导致通用机械一个根本性的改变。根据模块化设计理论，在总机床模块划分的基础上，以UG软件为开发平面时，建立参数化三维模块，设计中使用的数据库来存储数据也设置在同一时间。在系统指导下，用户可以完成这样的模块选择、模块组合和计算等。因此，计算机辅助模块化可以实现组合机床设计。（3）高速 高速处理可以大大降低切削力和表面粗糙度，大大降低切削温度，提高生产率。现在数控机床运动和主给水速度已经达到了惊人的高速。例如，美国生产的加工中心主轴转速15000-60000r/min。快进速度高达90-120米/分钟。符合趋势的高速机，机床的速度变得越来越高。例如，德国大众汽车工厂的处理铝气缸盖燃烧室，PCD刀具的使用和铣削速度3075米/分钟。3600毫米/分钟的进给速率。CBN采取了新的镗刀刀片的安装处理凯文格雷铁路的切割速度800米/分钟，进给500毫米/分钟，4精度。数控机床的出现，增加加工机械的准确性，所以一些过去似乎难以实现的加工现在不是问题。整体保护，完全封闭是现在机器的一个主要特点，封闭的外壳、电气、液压充分利用空气对齐。所有封闭的保护，不仅生产线机床及其式样美观，而且提高安全性、可靠性，并且易于维护。自动机床和机床组合是一个专用的高性能的自动化技术和设备。目前，它仍然是大量机械产品高效、高质量和经济生产的关键设备，已经广泛应用于汽车、拖拉机、内燃机和压缩机器和其他许多工业生产领域。尤其是汽车行业最大的组合机床的用户。比如德国大众在萨尔茨基特发动机厂，90年初的金属切削机床中使用自动线(60%)、组合机床(20%)和加工中心(20%)。很明显，大规模生产机械在工业部门，大量的用于组合机床设备和自动生产线。因此，组合机床和自动生产线的技术性能和综合自动化的水平，在很大程度上决定工业部门的生产效率、产品质量和生产结构，但也在很大程度上决定了企业产品的竞争力。现代机床和自动线组合作为机电一体化产品，它是测量、监视、工具和机械组件，如技术的综合反映。在过去的20年里，这些技术取得了很大的进展，同时结合机床和汽车行业的主要用户，这些因素推动和刺激总机床工具和自动生产线技术的不断发展。组合工具集中在品种开发，在组合机床专用机器和自动旋转组合线起着重要的作用，因为这两种机器可以工作的许多过程分配给这个职位处理，同时从不同的方向对工件表面进行处理。此外，还可以切换夹具(在转盘机)或易位，反演设备(自动在线)的实现五个部分或全部处理过程，具有高自动化程度和生产效率。被用于汽车、摩托车和压缩机工业等行业。据统计，德国在1990年和1992年，旋转组合多机和自动生产线每个聚合机床工具约占总数的50%。应该注意，旋转组合多机是一种特殊类型的小型自动生产线，适合加工大小轮廓中小件250毫米。和自动生产线加工工件的情况下，自动操作区域比小大约2/3。目前，在大规模生产的汽车和轻型卡车中，发动机的输出通常是6000万台左右，实现如此大的体积，多工位旋转机和线自动组合不可少，节拍时间的20到30秒。在70年代，为了实现短时间内的自动行程加工，经常并排使用或设置两种方式，即自动的决定行节奏，通过并行处理流程，限制性更强的过程，然后通过使用两个相同的自动生产线平衡生产线系统。很明显，这是必要的，以增加设备投资和操作区域。自动打短线路，主要是通过缩短时间和支持的基本实现。有两个优点，在模块化机床成本低、效率高，广泛用于批量生产。本文介绍了多工位组合机床的自动控制系统。应用PLC控制组合机床可以提高自动化程度和工作效率，减少大量的硬件接线，因此机床的可靠性也会增加。附录：毕业设计外文翻译原文The aggregate machine-toolAuthor: Pramila Rani Nilanjan Sarkar Eric VanmanReceived:20 May 2005,Accepted:25 December 2005,Published online:12 April 2006，Summary: The aggregate machine-tool machining center may cause the demand which the processing manufacturing industry adapts changes unceasingly, uses the pool of labor power effectively, and has the competitive power in global scales market. Key word: aggregate machine-toolThe aggregate machine-tool is based on general parts, according to the specific shape and work piece machining process of the special components and fixture design, semi-automatic or automatic special machine. Editor this segment The aggregate machine-tool machining The aggregate machine-tool usually adopts the multiracial, knife, more processes, and multi-faceted or multistage and processing, production efficiency than general machine high several times or more. Due to the standardization and serialization general parts have, can according to need flexible configuration, can shorten the cycle of design and manufacture. Therefore, the combination machine has the advantages of low cost and high efficiency, in large, large production is widely used, and the automatic production line can be used to composition. The aggregate machine-tool for processing general box or special shape of parts. Processing, work piece rotate, generally by the tool and work piece rotate movement and tools for the relative motion, to realize in drilling, reaming, economic hole, reaming, boring, cutting and milling, and the processing thread and fiber-end surface etc. Some combination machine adopts clamping work piece machining head to rotate, feeding movement by the tool for, also can achieve some ax symmetrical parts (such as the flywheel, automobile rear half axle, etc.) of the circle and the process.Combination machine parts classificationGeneral parts according to the function can be divided into power components and parts, transmission parts, supporting the control and auxiliary parts. Power components are provided for The aggregate machine-tool in the movement and moving parts. Main motivation, cutting head and dynamic slide.Supporting components are installed power to slide into to institutions, cutting head or fixture, have side base, base, support, adjustable bracket, column and column base, etc.Transmission parts is used to transport or spindle box to the processing of the main parts, workstation dividing rotating table, the annular dividing rotating table, drum and to-and-fro moving workbench, etc.Control components are used to control the machine parts, automatic working cycle is hydraulic pressure station and electrical cabinets and control console, etc. Auxiliary parts are lubrication device and cooling device and scraps discharge device etc.The development of modular machine toolIn order to make the aggregate machine-tool in small batch production, often applied to the structure, the application of group technology and craft of similar parts in a centralized modular machine tool, in order to improve the machining efficiency. This machine has two kinds of common, spindle box The aggregate machine-tool and turn tower The aggregate machine-tool.The aggregate machine-tool of future development will be more adopts stepless motor and transmission of ball screw, etc, to simplify structure and shorten the production beat, Using digital control system and spindle box, jig automatic replacement system, in order to improve the process adjustability, Flexible manufacturing systems and into.The aggregate machine-tool is take the general part as a foundation, matches by presses the work piece specific shape and the processing technological design special-purpose part and the jig, the composition semiautomatic or the automatic special purpose machine. The aggregate machine-tool selects the method which generally multiple spindle, the multi-knives, the multi-working procedures, many or the multi-locations simultaneously process, production efficiency ratio general engine bed high several times to several dozens times. Because the general part already the standardization and the serration, might according to need to dispose nimbly, could reduce the design and the manufacturing cycle. The multi-axle-boxes are aggregate machine-tools core parts. It selects the common parts, carries on the design according to the special-purpose request, in the aggregate machine-tool designs process, is one of work load big parts. It is acts according to the work piece processing hole quantity which and the position the working procedure chart and the processing schematic drawing determined, the cutting specifications and the main axle type design transmission various main axles movement power unit. Its power from the general power box, installs together with the power box in to feed sliding table, may complete drills, twists and so on working processes. This topic designed has used in the top head hole processing the drill hole aggregate machine-tool. According to the top head hole components size which must process carries on the aggregate machine-tool general multi-axle-boxes the design, draws up the multi-axle-box primitive basis chart, the definite main axle and the gear modulus, determined the transmission system, calculates the main axle and drive shafts coordinate. Through the above design, realized a top head one-sided six processing to complete, has achieved the design requirements well。To meet the combination of CNC machine tools of development, it is a component of the NC machine tool NC module. Portfolio machine is modular combination of CNC machine tools brought about by the inevitable result is the combination of CNC machine tools necessary foundation, NC module so greatly enriched the portfolio of generic pieces of machine tools, it will cause combination of General Machine Type of a fundamental change. NC modules, according to their coordinates NC (axis) of mainly single coordinates, dual coordinates and coordinates. Its spindle number, single and multi-axis module, there are single and multi-axis composite processing module. NC module development, there are mainly two kinds of ways: First, the existing the aggregate machine-tool tools should be relatively common items, the NC General of the design. At present there is also domestic NC is developing one-dimensional slider, NC two-dimensional (Cross) Waterloo Taiwan, the NC rotary table, all this is the way the NC is based on the characteristics of the development of NC The unique the aggregate machine-tool tool parts, such as automatic replacement of multi-axis spindle box, the NC rotary knife, NC for the manipulator, NC for me, such as mechanical hand. The past 10 years, machine tools and automatic line group in the highly efficient, high productivity, flexibility and the use of parallel (synchronous) works develop more reasonable and more savings in the programmed has made a lot of progress. In particular the automobile industry, in order to improve the performance of motor vehicles, precision machining of components made a number of new demands, so the machine performance requirements are also higher. In recent years, with numerical control technology, electronics technology, computer technology, such as the development of machine tools combination of mechanical structure and control system has also undergone a tremendous change. With the the aggregate machine-tool tools of development: 1） . NC. A combination of CNC machine tools, not only a complete change from the previous relay circuit composed of a the aggregate machine-tool tool control system, and the head. Also the mechanical structure and composition of machine parts universal standards has or is undergoing an enormous change。2） . Modular. NC plus one two modular greatly enrich the composition of the Universal machine parts, it will cause universal machine combination of a fundamental change，According to modularization design theory, the modules of aggregate machine tool are divided in this paper on the basis of function analysis. Taking UG software as developing flat, the parametric 3D modeling module bank is set up. The database for storing the data used in design is also set up at the same time. Under the guiding of the system, users can complete such tasks as module choice, module combination, and calculation, etc.Therefore,computer aided modularization design of aggregate machine tool can be realize.3） . High-speed. As high-speed processing can greatly reduce the surface roughness and cutting force components, greatly reducing cutting temperature, increase productivity, the machines high-speed research is rising, especially NC machine tool movements and the main feed velocity has reached an alarming high-speed . For example, the U.S. production of processing center, spindle speed up to 15 000-60 000r/min, table fast forward speed of up to 90-120 m / min. Conform to the trend of high-speed machines, machine tools combination of speed getting higher and higher. For example, the German Volkswagen plant in the processing of aluminum cylinder head combustion chamber side, the use of PCD cutter and milling speed of up to 3 075m/min, feed rate of 3 600mm/min, the CBN has adopted the installation of the new boring knife blade processing Kevin Gray Rail, the cutting speed of 800 m / min, feed rate of I 500 mm / min. 4, precision of. As the realization of NC machine tools, thus increasing the accuracy of processing machine, so that some of the past seem difficult to achieve the accuracy of processing has been realized today.5. Protection of the whole. Completely closed the machine is now a major characteristic, whether single or machine tool production lines, are all closed by the housings, electrical, hydraulic full use of air alignment. All closed protection, not only production line machine tools and their aesthetic appearance, but also improve the safety, reliability and ease of maintenance.Machine tools and automatic combination of technical development trend line Combination of automated machine tools and machine tool portfolio is a dedicated high-performance line of automation technology and equipment, at present, it is still a large number of mechanical products for efficient, high-quality and economic production of key equipment, have been widely used in automobiles, tractors, internal combustion engines and compression machines and many other areas of industrial production. Which, in particular the automotive industry is the combination of the largest machine tool and automatic line users? Such as the German Volkswagen plant in Salzgitter engine plant, used in the early 90s metal-cutting machine is automatic line (60%), Modular Machine Tool (20%) and processing center (20%). It is clear that mass production of machinery in the industrial sector, a large number of combinations used in machine tool equipment and automatic lines. Therefore, the the aggregate machine-tool and automatic line technical performance and the level of integrated automation, determine to a large extent the industrial sector production efficiency, product quality and production structure, but also enterprise products to a large extent determines the competitiveness. Modern machine tools and automatic line combinations as a mechanical-electrical integration products, it is the control-driven, measurement, monitoring, tool and machinery components, such as a comprehensive reflection of technology. Over the past 20 years, these technologies have made considerable progress, at the same time as the main users of combined machine tool and automotive industries, such as internal combustion engines have a lot of changes in the market for their products continue to shorten life expectancy, increasing variety and quality improved. These factors promote and stimulate the the aggregate machine-tool tools and automatic lines for the continuous development of technology. 1 combination of tools focused on the development of varieties Machine tools in the portfolio in such a dedicated machine, rotary combination of multi-machine and automatic line plays an important role. Because these two types of machine can work in many of the processes assigned to the position on a number of processing and at the same time from different directions on the work piece surface for processing a few, in addition, can also switch fixture (in the rotary table machine) or by translocation, inversion devices (in the automatic online) the realization of the five parts or all of the processing process, which has a high degree of automation and production efficiency, by a car, motorcycle and compressors used in industrial sectors such as . According to the statistics, Germany in 1990 and 1992, rotary combination of multi-machine and automatic production lines each the aggregate machine-tool tool about 50% of the total. It should b