全国医学博士统一考试真题2003年.doc

2003part II31.Sometimes you can get quite _ when you are trying to communicate with someone in English. A.frustrated B.depressed C.approved D.distracted32.The company has _ itself to a policy of equal opportunity for all.A.promised B.committed C.attributed D.converted33.I havent met anyone _ the new tax plan.A.in honor of B.in search of C.in place of D.in favor of 34.Salk won _ as the scientist who developed the worlds first effective vaccine against polio.A.accomplishment B.qualification C.eminence D.patent35.This software can be _ to the needs of each customer.A.tailored B.administrated C.entailed D.accustomed36.The average commercial business can shut down in such an emergemcy but a hospital doesnt dare, for lives are_A.in circulation B.under consideration C.on hand D.at stake 37.As we need plain, _food for the body, so we must have serious reading for the mind.A.wholesome B.diet C.tasteful D.edible 38.He never gave much thought to the additional kilorams he had _ lately.A.shown up B.piled up C.put on D.taken on 39.The teacher tried hard to read _ handwriting in her studentss test papers.A.irregular B.illiterate C.illegible D.irrational 40.A coronary disease is the widely-used term_ insufficiency of blood supply to the heart.A.denoting B.donating C.relating D.resorting 41.Humans are using up the worlds natural riches at an alarming rate. A.appalling B.appealing C.alert D.abnormal42.Dring water in many areas of the developing world is contaminated with bacteria.A.purified B.multiplied C.tainted D.blended 43.One of the most noticeable features of U.S society is the diversity of its people.A.liberty B.democracy C.variety D.origin 44.The controversy about abortion has been going on in the United States for more than twenty years. A.resentment B.consensus C.notion D.dispute 45.As human settlement advance ,the tropical forests are retreating and becoming smaller every year. A.retrieving B.sprawling C.consuming D.withdrawing 46.The wars impact on the population of the country was catastrophic.A.influential B.disastrous C.apparent D.criticala 47.His physican told him that not to take much of the drug because it was very potent. A.bitter B.irritant C.effective D.powerful 48.Certain drugs can cause transient side effects ,such as sleepiness.A.permanent B.residual C.irreversible D.fleeting49.Nervous illness may stem from being treated inconsiderately in childhood.A.complain B. give rise to C.originate in D.dominate over 50.Both a persons heredity and his surroundings help to shape his chacter.A.form B.correct C.modify D.improvePart III Cloze(10%) There were red faces at one of Britains biggest banks recently. They had accepted a telephone order to buy 100,000 worth of shares from a fifteen-old schoolboy (they thought he was twenty-one). The shares fell in value and the schoolboy was unable to 51 . The bank lost 20,000 on the 52 that it cannot get back because ,for one thing, this young speculator does not have the money and , for another, 53 under eighteen, he is not legally liable for his debts. If the shares had risen in value by the same amount that they fell, he would have pocketed 20,000 54 . Not bad for a fifteen-yeat-old. It certainly is better than 55 the morning newspaper. In another recent case, a boy of fourteen found , in his grandfathers house , a suitcase full of foreign banknotes .The clean, crisp banknotes looked very 56 but they were now not used in their country of origin or anywhere else. This young boy 57 straight to the nearest bank with his pockets filled with notes. The cashers did not realize that the country in 58 had reduced the value of its currincy by 90%, they exchanged the notes at their face value at the current exchange rate.In three days, before he was found out, he took 20,000 from nine different banks. 59 ,he had already spend more than half of this on taxi-rides, restraurant meal , concert tickets and presents for his many new girlfriends( at least he was generous! ) before the police caught up with him. Because he is also under eighteen the bank shave 60 a lot of money, and several cashiers have lost jobs.51.A.pay off B.pay up C.pay for D.pay out52.A.principle B.criterion C.custom D.deal53.A.to be B.having been C.being D.is 54.A.profit B.advantage C.benefit D.commission55.A.sending B.transmitting C.delivering D.dispatching 56.A.convincing B.valuable C.unusual D.priceless 57.A.came B.pull C.headed D.pushed58.A.problem B.question C.talk D.saying59.A.Interestingly B.Unfortunately C.Particularly D.Amazingly60.A.kissed goodbye to B. got rid of C.lived up to D.made forPart IV(30%)Passage 1 In a society where all aspects of our lives are dictated by scientific advances in technology, science is the essence of our existence.Without the vast advances made by chemists ,physicists, biologist , geologist, and other diligent scientists, our standards of living would decline, our flourishing, wealthy nation might come to an economic depression, and our people would suffer from disease that could not be cured. As a society we ignorantly take advantage of the amenitiesprovided by science, yet our lives would be altered interminably without them. Health care, one of the aspects of our society that separates us from our archaic ancestors, is founded exclusively on scientific discoveries and advances. Without the caccines created by doctors, disease such as polio , measles, hepatitis, and the flu would pose a threat to our citizens, for although some of these disease may not be deadly, their side effects can be a vast detriment to an individual affected with the disease. In addition , science has developed perhaps the most awe-inspiring, vital invention in the history of the world, the computer. Without the presence of this machine,our world could exist, but the convenience brought into life by the computer are unparalleled. Despite the greatness of present-day innovators and scientists and their revelations,it is requisite to examine the amenities of science that our culture so blatantly disregards. For instance,the light bulb,electricity,the telephone, running water, and the automobile are present-day staples of our society;however,they were not present until scientists discovered them. Because of the contribution of scientist, our world is ever metamorphosing ,and this metamorphosis economically and personally comprise our society, whether our society is cognizant of this or not.61In the first paragraph the author implies that we_ A.would not survive without scienceB.take the amenities of science for grantedC.could have raised the standards of living with scienceD.would be free of disease because of scientific advances62. The author uses health care and vaccines to illustrate _ A.how science has been developed B.what science means to societyC.what the nature of science is D.how disease affects society63. Nothing , according to the author ,can match the invetion of the cumputer in term of _ A.power B.novelty C.benefits D.complexity64. The author seems to be unhappy about _ A.peoples ingnorance of their cultureB.peoples ingnoring the amenities of scienceC. peoples making no contributions to societyD. peoples misunderstanding of scientific advance.65.The authors tone in the passage is _ A.critieal B.cognizant C.appreciativeD.paradoxical passage 2 Biotechnology is expected to bring important advances in medical diagnosis and therpy ,in solving food problems, in energy saving, in environmentally compatible industrial and agricultural production, and in specially targeted environmental protection projects.Genetically altered microorganisms can break down a wide range of pollutions by being used , for example, in bio-filters and wastewater-treatment facilities, and in the clean-up of polluted sites. Genetically altered modified organisms can also alleviate environmental burdens by reducing the need for pestcides, fertilizers, and medications. Sustainability, as a strategic aim, involves optimizing the interactions between nature, society, and the economy, in according with ecological criteria .Political leader and scientist alike face the challenge of recognizing interrelationships and interactions between ecological, economic, and social factors and taking account of these factors when seeking solution strategies . To meet this challenge, decision-makers require interdisciplinary approches and strategies that cut across political lines. Environmental discussion must become more objective, and this includes, especially, debates about the risks or new technologies , which are often ideologically charged. In light of the complex issue involved in sustainable development ,we need clearer standards for orienting and assessing our environmental policy. Sustainable development can succeed only if all areas of the political sector, of society ,and of science accept the concept and work together to implement it.A common basic understanding of environmental ethics is needed to ensure that protection of the natural foundation of life becomes a major consideration in all political and individual action. A dialogue among representatives of all sectors of society is needed if appropriate environmental policies are to be divised and implemented.66. Biotechology _ A.can help save enery and integrate industry and agricultureB.can rid humans of disease and solve food problemsC.can treat pollution and protect environmentD .all of the above67.Wastewater can be treated _ A.in genetic engineeringB.by means of biotechologyC.in agriculture as well as industrialD.without the need for breaking down pollutants68.When he says approaches and strategies that cut across political lines,the author means that they _ A.involve ecomic issuesB.observe ecological criteriaC.are politically significantD.overcome political barriers69. It can be inferred from the passage that the complexity of sustainable development _ A.makes it necessary to improve the assessing standardsB.renders enviromental discussion possibleC.charges new technology risksD.requires simplification70.The success of sustainable development lies in _ A.its concept to be B.good social teamworkC.appropriate environmental policiesD.the representatives of all sectors of societypassage 3 people from around the world flock to the United States expecting to find a better life.But to scientists surprise,a growing body of evidence indicates that increasing familiarity with U.S culture and society renders immigrants and their children for more susceptible to many mental and physical ailments, even if they attain financial success. The latest study of this phenomenon,directed by epidemiologist William A.Vega of the University of Texas, San Antonio, finds much higher rates of major depression,substance abuse, and other mental disorders in U.S-born Mexican-Americans compared with both recent and long-standing Mexican-Americans.This pattern held regardless of education of income levels. Vegas results appear at the same time as the release of a national report on declining physical and mental health in childrin of immigrant families.A panel convened by the national research council and the institute of medicine,both in Washingto,D.C.,reviewed previous studies and concluded that assimilation into a U.S.lifestyle may undermine the overall health of immigrant children much more than being poor does. In contrast,studies of nonimmigrant U.S. residents usually link poverty to poor physical and mental health.“The material on immigrant health shocked me when we first reviewed it”,says panel member Arthus M.Kleinman,a psychiatrist at Harvard Medical School in Boston. “Vegas study is consistent with the panels conclusion that immigrants health deteriorate with assimilation to U.S. society, declining toward general US. norms,” says Kleinman. Other studies have indicated that citizens of many countries ,including Mexico, are healthier overall than US citizen.Vegas team interviewed 3012 adults of Mexican origin, ages 18-59 ,living in Fresno County,Calif. Of that number,1810 people identified themselves as immigrants. Interviews were in English or Spanish.Interviewers expressed an interesting in health issues only and tried to minimize any tendency of participants to lie-due to US residency concerns- about having immigranted.Nearly one-half of US-born Mexican-Americans had suffered from at least one of 12 psychiatric disorders at some time in their lives,compared with only one-quarter of immigrants. Common mental conditions in US-born individiuals included major depression phobias and other anxiety disorders,and substance abuse and dependece.Prevalence rates for mental disorders were lowest for those who had immigrated within the past 13 years.The high rates found among immigrants of 13 or more years still fell considerably below those for the native-born group.71.Vegas group was surprised to find worse physical and mental health in _ A.both recent and long-standing Mexican-American immigrantsB.the immigrants who received fewer years of educationC.the financially disadvantaged immigrants D.US-born Mexican-American72.The scientists found that the immigrants declining physical and mental health is linked to _ A.being reluctant to assimilate into the US lifestyleB.blending with US culture and societyC.working hard for a better lifeD.being poor73. Vega and Kleinman_A.are divided over the phenomenon be divided on sth B.ascribe the phenomenon to racial discriminationC.puzzle over the phenomenonD.seem to see eye to eye on the phenomenon74. Vegas team interviewed the immigrants_ A.for their US residency concernsB.for their identificationsC.for theis health issuesD.all of above75. Which of the following groups is least susceptible to mental disorders?A.The US-born Mexican-AmericansB.The immigrants of 13 or more yearsC. The immigrants of financial successD. The immigrants of less than13Passage 4 Rain is not what it used to be. A new study reveals that much of the precipitation in Europe contains such high levels of dissolved pesticides that it would be illegal to supply it as drinking water. “Studies in Switzerland have found that rain is laced with混有 toxic levels of atrazine除草剂, regularly exceeded in rain”,says Stephan Muller, a chemist at the Wwiss Federal Institute for Environmental Science and Technlgy in Dubendorf.The chemicals appear to 似乎have evaporated from fields and become part of the clouds. Both the Europe Union and Switzerland have set a limit of 100 nanograms for any particular pesticide of driking warter. But ,especially in the first minutes of a heavy storm,rain can contain much more than that. In a study to be published by Muller and his collegue Thomas Bucheli in Anslytical Chemistry this summer,one sample of rainwater contained almost 4000 nanograms per liter of 2,4- dinitrophinol, a widely used pesticide.Previously,the author had shown that in rain sample taken from 41 storms ,nine contained more than 100 nanograms of atrazine per liter,one of them around 900 nanograms. In the latest study,the highest concentrations of pesticides turned up in the first rain after a ling dry spell,particalarly when local fields had recently been sprayed,Until now , scientist had assumed that the pesticides only infiltrated groundwater directly from fields. Muller warns that the growing practice of using rainwater that falls onto roofs to recharge再装填 underground water may be adding to be danger.This water often contains dissolved herbicides that had been added to roofing materials, such as bitumen sheets,to prevent vegetation growing.He suggests that the first flush of rain should be diverted into sewers to minimize the pollution of drinking water,which is not usuaslly treated to remove these herbicides and pesticides.76.According to the Swedish scientist ,the pestcides in rain _ A.exceed those in crop spraysB.can be traced back to crop spraysC.are not as toxic as they used to beD.are nothing but atrazine and alachlor77. Muller and Bucheli found that 2,4-dinitrophenol_ A.is widely used in agricultureB.exceeded atrazine in the rain sample waterC.can be measured in the units of nanogramsD.was far in excess of limit in drinking water78.Scientists used to hypothesize that _ A.groundwater was sage for drinking waterB.herbicides and pesticides were harmlessC.pesticides containated groundwater of drinking waterD.rain would minimize the pollution of drinking water79.Muller warns us not _ A.not tap groundwarter for drinking waterB.to use such roofing materials as bitumen sheetsC.to let the first flush of rain recharge underground waterD.to divert the flush of rain into sewers without removing its herbicides and pesticides80.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? A.Drinking water B.Rainwater and underground waterC.Agriculture and pesticidesD.Falling pesticidesPassage 5 Folk