2013成人本科学士学位英语考试——虚拟语气的用法及专项练习.doc

中国人民大学培训学院School of Education & Training, Renmin University of China2013年成人三级学位英语考试试讲资料 主讲人：蒲 艳 老师虚拟语气用法及专项练习题虚拟语气表示一种假设的情况，或一种主观的愿望，即动词所表示的动作或状态并非事实，或不可能实现。英语虚拟语气的形式有下列几种：一、基本形式和用法假设类型条件从句谓语动词形式主句谓语动词形式与现在的事实相反If +动词过去式Should（ Would 、could、might）+动词原形与过去的事实相反If +had +过去分词Should（ Would 、could、might）+have +过去分词与将来的事实可能相反If +were to +动词原形If +should +动词原形Should（ Would 、could、might）+动词原形1If he had the time, John would make a trip to China to see the Great Wall.2If I were you, I would give up drinking immediately.3If you should lose, what would you do?4If I were to see her tomorrow, I would tell her the truth.5If Id known that it was going to rain, I would never have gone for a walk in the country.二、if 的省略形式if 条件句中如果有were, should, had, 可以省去if, 并使用倒装句序。Had you asked me, I would have told you. (=If you had asked me,)三、含蓄条件句有时虚拟条件不用条件从句而用不定式、分词、介词、名词、连接词或定语从句来表示，如：Without water, fish would not live.But for your help, I wouldnt have passed CET6.四、错综时间的虚拟语气 有时条件从句中的动作和结果从句中的动作发生的时间不一致，如：1. If he had followed the doctors advice, he would be quite all right now.2. If I were you, I would have gone home.五、在Suggest, advise 等动词之后宾语从句须用虚拟语气，其句子结构如下：Suggest（, advise, recommend, demand, require, insist, urge, request, order, ask, move, propose等）+that(should )+动词原形注意：在此结构中that不可省略；should省不省均可。He suggested that they (should ) stop smoking.上述动词的名词形式出现时，that 引导的从句仍用虚拟语气。He made a request that they (should ) stop smoking.六、It is (was )+necessary, a pity 等+that引导的从句须用虚拟语气，其句子结构如下：It is (was) + important（, natural, necessary, essential, strange,等 ）+that(should) + 动词原形It is important that you (should) follow the doctors orders.七、wish的用法动词过去式或were与现在事实相反主语+wish(that)+主语 + 动词过去完成式与过去事实相反助动词过去式+动词原形与将来事实相反1. I wish I were a pop singer. (=I am sorry I am not a pop singer.)2. I wish I had never stopped teaching. (=I am sorry I stopped teaching.)3. I wish theyd let us get some sleep.八、as if, as though, would(had) rather(that)引导的从句须用虚拟语气， 1. He acts as if nothing had happened.2. I would rather you didnt tell him.九、Its (high) time that+动词过去式，如：1.Its time (that) you had a hair cut.2.Its high time (that) we took some action.虚拟语气专项练习题 (1). If I you, I would go by plane. Flying is much faster. C A. be B. was C. were D. am(2). I do not think those people are really English. If they were, they speak with French accents.D A. dont B. will not C. mustnt D. wouldnt (3) today, would we be able to get there by Tuesday? C A. Were we leaving B. If we leave C. Would we leave D. Were we to leave(4). If Jone tomorrow, what would you do?C A. were not to come B. will not come C. would not come D. had not come(5). “She didnt ask me, so I didnt help her?”“You mean to say C , you wouldve helped her ?”A. if she asked you B. if she were to ask youC. had she asked you C. were she to ask you(6). They took the injured straight to the hospital. Otherwise some of them C . A. might have died B. might die C. would die D. could die(7). If they had known him, A to him? A. would they have talked B. would they talk C. had they talked D. they would talk(8). If I lived in the city, I D travel in crowded buses, but I to see lots of films. A. shall have to/shall be able B. shall have to/am able C. would have to/were able D. would have to/would be able(9). I would have gone to the concert, if I B time. A. had had B. have had C. had D. would have had(10). C I known it, I would have told you. A. Have B. If C. Had D. Having (11). D your help, I would not have succeeded. A. Because B. Because of C. But D. But for(12). “What did Mr Smith say about his career?”“Only that if he A a millionaire, he would have fewer worries.” A. did not become B. had not become C. does not become D. has not become(13). “Why didnt you help him?”“I would have B I didnt have the money.” A. still B. but C. otherwise D. or(14). “Who should go to see Li Ying? He is ill today.” “I suggest Wang Hong B .”A. goes B. would go C. go D. went(15). The housemaster was strict. He requested that we A television on week nights.A. not watch B. must not to watch C. not be watching D. have not watch(16). I cant speak Japanese, but I do wish I B . A. can B. could C. had D. speak(17). “Are you enjoying your stay here?“Yes, very much. I wish I A have to leave so soon.”A. wont B. dont C. mustnt D. didnt(18). “What will you do during the summer holidays?”“I dont know, but its about time C on something.” A. Im deciding B. Ill decide C. I decided D. Id decided(19). Id rather you D anything about it for the time being. A. say B. didnt say C. dont say D. not say(20). “Why do you have to be there at six?” “The teacher demands that everyone C in his seat at six.” A. would be B. can be C. be D. will be(21). “How does the librarian act?”“He acts as if he A a walking dictionary.”A. were B. be C. is D. has been(22). There is a law that drunken drivers C severely punished. A. were B. are C. be D. will be(23). Henry talks to his dog as if it B him. A. understands B. understood C. understand D. would understand(24). Jeff looked as if he C a ghost. A. saw B. has seen C. had seen D. would see(25). Give her my best regards, C . A. should you see her today B. if you saw her today C. if you would see her today D. should you have seen her today(26). There was a suggestion by the teachers that the meeting B postponed for a week. A. had been B. would be C. was D. should be(27). It is highly desirable that every effort B to reduce pollution in Bei jing. A. was made B. be made C. will be made D. would be made(28). The manager would rather that his