小升初英语语法时态讲解与归纳091022 共（5页）.doc

小升初英语语法时态讲解与归纳一般现在时一. 意义：表示经常发生的事情，动作或存在的状态二. 构成及变化1.be动词的变化。肯定句：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。否定句：主语+ be + not +其它。如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。一般疑问句：Be +主语+其它。 如：-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, Im not.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Where is my bike?2. 行为动词的变化。当主语为第一，二人称及复数时，助动词为do肯定句：主语+动词原形(+其它)。如：We often play basketball after school.否定句：主语+ dont+动词原形(+其它)。如：we dont play basketball after school.一般疑问句：Do +主语+动词原形+其它?如： Do you often play basketball after school l? Yes, we do. / No, we dont.特殊疑问句：疑问词+以do开头的一般疑问句？如： What do you often do after school ?当主语为第三人称单数时 ,助动词为does肯定句：主语+动词三单式(+其它)。如： He swims well.否定句：主语+ doesnt+动词原形(+其它)。如：He doesnt swim well.一般疑问句：Does +主语+动词原形+其它。如：Does he swim well ? Yes, he does. / No, he doesnt.特殊疑问句：疑问词+以does开头的一般疑问句？如： How does your father go to work?三第三人称单数的动词变化规则（只有在第三人称为主语的肯定句中，动词才用三单式）(1)多数动词直接加s:runs gets likes collets takes plays climbs.(2)结尾是s, x, sh, ch, o,前为辅音字母,结尾加es :watches teaches goes does washes crosses mixes brushes(3)动词末尾y前为辅音:将y改为i加es: studystudies flyflies carrycarries crycries但在y前如果为元音则直接加s:buys says四时间标志：always , usually , often , sometimes ,every现在进行时一意义当表示现在正在进行的动作或正在发生的事。二构成:be (am, is ,are )+动词现在分词-ing形式肯定句： 主语 + be + 现在分词V-ing (+ 其他) Im doing my homework now .否定句：主语+be+not+动词-ing +其他. Im not doing my homework now.一般疑问句：Be+主语+动词-ing +其他？Are you doing your home work now? Yes, I am . No , Im not .特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+be+主语+动词-ing+其他？What are you doing now ?三. 现在分词的构成：（1）一般在动词末尾直接加ing,（2）以不发音字母e结尾的动词，先去掉e,再加ing，如 skate skating make making dance dancing write writing have having ride riding come coming（3）以重读闭音节结尾的动词，中间只有一个元音字母，词尾只有一个辅音字母，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing, 如： putting running beginning stopping swimming shopping jogging sitting getting forgetting letting四.时间标志now，句前的look ,listen一般过去时一意义:表示过去某个时间发生的事情或存在的状态.二构成及变化1. Be动词在一般过去时中的变化：am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。（was not=wasnt）are在一般过去时中变为were。（were not=werent）带有was或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。2.行为动词在一般过去时中的变化：肯定句 ： 主语 + 动词的过去式 .I watched a film last Sunday .否定句 ： 主语+ didnt + 动词原形.I didnt watch a film last Sunday .一般疑问句：Did + 主语 + 动词原形 ?Did you watch a film last Sunday ? Yes, I did . No , I didnt .特殊疑问句：疑问词+ 以did 开头的一般疑问句 ?What did you do last Sunday ?三、时间标志：yesterday,yesterday morning (afternoon, evening)last night (week, month, year),a moment ago , a week ago, three years agojust now,一般将来时一.意义:表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或重复发生的动作。二. 构成及变化：一般将来时常用的两种结构be going to+动词原形 : 表示打算、准备做的事或即将发生或肯定要发生的事。shallwill+动词原形 : 表示将要发生的动作或情况，没有太多的计划性, 还用来表示意愿1. be going to +动词原形1.肯定句 主语+be(am /,is,/ are) going to +动词原形+其它成份My sister is going to learn English next year. 我姐姐准备明年学英语。2.否定句 主语+be（am / is / are）not going to +动词原形 +其它成份I am not going to（go to）the cinema tonight. 我今天晚上不打算去看电影。3.一般疑问句 Be (am / is / are)+主语+going to+动词原型+其它成份?Is your father going to play basketball with you ?No , he isnt.你父亲打算和你去打篮球吗?不。4.特殊疑问句特殊疑问词(Wh-)+一般疑问句 ?Where are you going to spend Spring Fesital.? 春节你打算在哪过？5.注意: be going to 结构后面习惯上不跟 go ， come 等表位移的动词，一般用该动词的进行时形式表示。如: Hes going to New York next week.下周他要去纽约.2.will /shall +动词原形（在书面语中，主语是第一人称时，常用shall ,在口语中，所有人称都可以用will）1.肯定句 主语+will/shall+动词原形+其它成份I (shall) write to him next week. 下周我将给他写信。2.否定句 主语 + will /shall+ not + 动词原形 +其它成份They wont watch TV this evening.今天晚上他们不看电视。3.一般疑问句 will/shall+主语 +动词原形+其它成份Will you stay at home with us tomorrow ？ 明天你和我们呆在家里好吗？4.特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词(Wh-) +一般疑问句When will your father be back? 你爸爸什么时侯回来？三、附 :Shall I /we 常用来征求对方意见，而问对方是否愿意，或者表示客气的邀请，常用Will you?他们的回答比较灵活。1Shall we go to the park ?肯定Sure , lets go .否定 No , lets go to the cinema.2.Will you please come to my birthday party next week ?肯定Yes, I will. / Sure .否定 Im sorry. Im afraid I cant.四、时间标志：tomorrow , soon ,next Monday , next year , next weekend , this afternoon , this evening 小学六年级英语试题一、按要求改写单词： 1. she_(宾格) 2. country_（复数） 3. close_(现在分词) 4. three_(序数词) 5. China_（形容词） 6. I _ （名词性物主代词） 7. paper _(复数) 8. swim _（现在分词） 9.photo_（复数）10.mouse_(复数) 11.mango_(复数) 12.make_(现在分词)二、选择题： ( ) (1). I get up _ about seven fifty -five . A. in B. on C. at D. for ( ) (2). Why are you looking at _like that? A. I B. mine C. my D. me ( ) (3). I want _ a map of China . A. buy B. is buying C. to buy D. am buying ( ) (4). Is it a picture _ your school ？ A. of B. to C. and D. with ( ) (5). Do you like _ ? A. swim B. swimming C. are swimming D. swim, too ( ) (6). The man _ a book in his hand is my uncle . A. and B. of C. with D. for ( ) (7). Whos the lady _ blue ? A. in B. on C. at D. with ( ) (8). We usually stay _ home _ Saturday afternoon . A. atin B. aton C. inat D. onon ( ) (9). A: Its a white shirt , is it yours ? B: No, _ is yellow . A. I B. My C. Mine D. Me ( ) (10). _ any men in the room ? A. Is there B. Are there C. There arent D. There isnt ( ) (11). The bed _ the right is yours . A. on B. in C. at D. of ( ) (12). Look at _ picture . A. one B. the one C. first D. the first ( ) (13). These books are my _ . A. students B. studentss C. students D. students of ( ) (14). My parents often tell me _ your family . A. about B. from C. for D. by ( ) (15). _ any food in the fridge ？ A. Are there B. Is there C. Have D. Has 三、按要求改写句子，注意每条横线只填一个单词： 1. The children like the ball . （改为一般疑问句） _ the children _ the ball ? 2. Are these your pens ? （不改变原句意思，改写句子） Are these _ _ ? 3. Please put the clothes here .(改为否定句) _ put the clothes here, _ . 4. They get up at six thirty .(就划线部分提问) What _ _ they get up ? 四、联词成句： 1. the, read, in, dont, sun, please _ 2. sisters, brothers, you, any, or, got, have? _ 3. black, all, like, I, at, dont _ 4. can, do,