英语常用词根与后缀.doc

一、 词根词干(Stem)Examplesacu = sharpacute 敏锐的；尖锐的acumem 敏锐；聪明acupuncture 针灸alti = highaltitude 高度altimeter 高度计exalt 提高；提升ambula = walkambulance 救护车ambulant 流动的ambulate 行走、移动ann = yearanniversary 周年纪念annual 每年的annals 编年史anthro = mananthropoid 似人类的；类人猿anthropology 人类学anthroposociology 人类社会学arch = rulermonarch君主anarchism 无政府主义patriarch 家长、族长aster/astr = starastrology 占星术astronomy 天文学asterisk 星号，星标audi = hearingaudience 听众audible 听得见的audiphone 助听器auto = selfautomation 自动化autobiography 自传autosuggestion 自我暗示bio = lifebiology 生物学biography 传记biocide 杀虫剂brevi = shortbrief 简短的brevity 简洁abbreviate 缩写capit = headcapital 首都decapitate 斩首capitation 人头税；按人收费ced = go;moverecede 后退；引退unprecedented 史无前例的precede 先行，居先cess = go;moveaccess 通路process 进展chron = timechronology 年表，年代学chronic 慢性的synchronal 同步的，同时发生的cide = kill;cutsuicide 自杀insecticide 杀虫剂bactericide 杀菌剂confid = trustconfidential 机密的confide 吐露(秘密)cord = heartaccordance 一致，调和concord 协调，同意discord 不和，不一致cred = trust;beliefcredit 信用；信任incredible 难以置信的credulous 轻信的cur = run;movecurrent 潮流excurse远足，旅行incursion 入侵，进入cycl = circle;wheelbicycle 自行车tricycle 三轮车hemicycle 半圆的dic/dict = say;speakindicate 指示，暗示dictate 口授diction 措词domin = rule;controldominate 主宰indomitable 不屈不挠的duce/duct = lead;takeintroduce 介绍induce 引诱conduct 指导equ = same;equalequality 平等equivalence 对应物equator 赤道faci = easyfacile 易得到的，不花力气的facilitate 使.容易fact = make;domanufacture 制造factory 工厂benefactor 恩人，施恩者fer = carry;bringferry 轮渡transfer 搬运，转移interfere 干预fin = end;limitfinalize 使.了结infinite 无限的define 限定，下定义flect/flex = bendreflect 反射，反映flexible 易弯曲的reflexctor 反射镜flu = flowinfluence 影响fluent 流利fluid 流动的；液，流体form = shapereform 改革conform 符合frag = breakfragile 易碎的fragment 碎片fracture 骨折gen = producegenerate 产生genetics 遗传学genesis 起源，创始geo = land;earthgeology 地理学geometry 几何学geocide 地球末日grad = go;stepgraduate 毕业gradual 逐步的degrade 退化，堕落graph/gram = write;writingtelegraph 电报program 节目，说明书diagram 图表grate/grati = thanksgrateful 衷心感谢的gratitude 感谢grav = heavy;seriousgravity 重力；严重性grave 严重的gravimeter 比重计，测重器gress = go;walkprogress 进步aggressive 侵略的congress 会议herb = grassherbal 草本植物的；草药书herby 长满草的，似草的humid = wethumidity 湿度，湿气humidify 使湿润hydr = water;liquidhydroelectric 水电的hydroplane 水上飞机hydrospace 海洋世界ject = throweject 喷射；逐出inject 注射reject 拒绝juven = youngjuvenile 青少年rejuvenate (使)返老还童juvenilia 少年文艺读物just/jur = justjustify 证明正确jurist 法学家jury 陪审团labor = worklaborious 费力的collaborate 合作，协作later = side;partybilateral 双边的unilateral 单方的equilateral 等边的leg = lawlegislate 立法illegitimate 非法的legislature 立法机关literat = letterliterature 文学illiterate 文盲semiliterate 半文盲的loc = placelocation 地点allocate 分配localism 地方主义lumi = light;brightilluminate 照明illuminance 照明度luminary 发光体，杰出人物magni = big;greatmagnificent 宏大的magnify 放大magnitude 巨大，广大man(u) = handmanufacture 生产，加工manage 管理manuscript 手稿mar = seasubmarine 潜艇maritime 海事的，海运的mariner 海员meter/metri = measurethermemeter 温度计altimeter 高度计mit/miss = sendemit 放射vomit 呕吐transmission 播送，传送mort = deathmortal 致命的immortal 不朽的postmortem 死后的nomin = namenominal 名义上nominate 提名innominate 无名的，匿名的nounce = proclaimpronounce 发音denounce 公开指责ortho = straight;correctorthodox 正统的orthopaedy 矫正术pater/patr = fatherpaternal 父亲般的patriarch (男性)族长patricide 弑父；杀父者pathy = feelingsympathy 同情antipathy 反感empathy 移情ped = footpedestrain 行人expedition 远征(队)pedal 足的；踏板pel/pulse = push;driveexpel 驱逐impulse 冲动dispel 驱散pend/pens = use up;hangexpense 花费expenditure 开支suspend 悬浮；使悬而未决phon = soundheadphone 耳机symphony 交响乐microphone 麦克风plic = foldduplicate 二倍的，副本complication 综合症；并发症；复杂implicit 含蓄的port = carryporter 脚夫export 出口passport 护照pose = put;placepropose 建议dispose 处理expose 使暴露，揭发prim = initial;firstprimary 初级的primitive 原始的prime 首要的，最初的psych = mindpsychology 心理学psychoanalysis 心理分析punct = pointpunctuate 加标点acupuncture 针灸punctual 准时的，精确的rupt = breakcorruption 腐败interrupt 打断bankrupt 破产scop = see;look atmicroscopic 微观的macroscopic 宏观的scope = instrument for observingmicroscope 显微镜telescope 望远镜scribe/script = write;writing;look atdescribe 描述prescription 处方sequ = followconsequence 后果sequence 次序sequel 结局，续集sens/sent = sense;feelingsentimental 多愁善感的sensitivity 灵敏度consent 赞同simil = likesimilarity 共性simile 明喻similar 类似的sol = alonesole 唯一的solitary 单独的soliloquy 独白soph = wisephilosopher 哲学家sophisticated 老练的，尖端的pansophic 无所不知的spec(t) = see;look atinspect 视察expect 盼望retrospect 回顾suspect 怀疑prospect 展望respect 尊敬spir = breatherespiration 呼吸perspire 出汗expire 死亡断气struct = buildconstructive 富有建设性的superstructure 上层建筑destruction 毁灭stup = be motionlessstupid 愚蠢stupefy 使麻木；使呆若木鸡stupor 昏迷，麻木sum = use up;takeconsumption 消费assume 自以为resume 继续进行tain = holdmaintain 维持attain 获得abstain 放弃，戒，禁the(o) = godtheology 神学theist 有神论者atheism 无神论thermo = heatthermometer 温度计thermonuclear 热核的thermos 热水瓶tract = drawtractor 拽引机，拖拉机attract 吸引distract 分散vent = comeadvent 来到，出现convention 会议contravention 违反，抵触verb = wordverbal 词语的，动词的hyperverbal 说话太多的vert/vers = turnconvert 转移version 译本subvert 推翻，颠覆vid/vis = seevision 视力，视觉invisible 看不见的visibility 能见度viv = lifevivid 生动的revive 复活survive 幸存，逃生voc/vok = call;voiceevoke 唤起，召唤advocate 倡议，倡导vocalist 歌唱家，声乐家volv = rollrevolver 左轮手枪；转炉revolution 革命evolve 进化，演化二、 后辍后缀(Suffixes)Examples-able. a. = inclined to be;likely to be doneacceptable 可接受的readable 可读(认)的adaptable 可适应的-age. n. = the action,result or state ofshortage 缺乏，短缺reportage 报告文学parentage 出身，门第-al. n. = the action of,the person ofrefusal 拒绝proposal 建议approval 认可criminal 犯罪分子rival 竞争者arrival 到达者-al. a. = inclined to be;connected with;pertaining tocolonial 殖民的natural 自然的political 政治的-ed.过去分词作定语 = 1)filled with;having the characteristics of. 2)done byspirited(heated) argument 热烈的讨论honeyed word 甜言蜜语distracted 心情纷乱-ee. n. = one who receivestestee 考生，被测验者trainee 运动员，受训练的人payee 受款人-er/-ar/-ur/-eer/-ier. n. = doer;device forfighter 战士，战斗机radar 雷达pioneer 先锋队员-ic/ical. a. = relating to;resemblingscenic 风景的geometric 几何的geographical 地理的-ess/ine. n. = femaleactress 女演员heroine 女英雄mayoress 女市长-ful. a. = full ofhandful 一把，一撮mouthful 一口cupful 一满杯-fy. v. = make;reinforceintensify 强化，加强purify 净化clarify 澄清-hood. n. = condition;statechildhood 儿童期brotherhood 手足之情bachelorhood 独身生活-ile. a. = likely to behostile 敌意的fragile 易碎的versatile 多才多艺的-ility. n. = quality offeasibility 可行的servility 奴性，卑屈mobility 易动的-ing. a. = having the quality ofdisturbing 令人不安的surprising 令人吃惊的encouraging 振奋人心的-ion/ation. n. = action of;process ofindication 指示relaxation 放松perfection 完美无缺-ish. a. = having the quality ofchildish 幼稚的bookish 书生气的devilish 魔鬼似的-ism. n. = doctrine;beliefcapitalism 资本主义adventurism 冒险主义opportunism 机会主义-ist. n. = 1)believer in. 2)expert ofromanticist 浪漫主义作家economist 经济学家nationalist 民族主义者-istic. a. = full ofrealistic 现实的artistic 艺术的humanistic 人道的-ive. a. = inclined to;having the quality ofinstructive 有教育意义的offensive 进攻性的constructive 建设性的-ize. v. = make or cause to becomerealize 实现organize 组织popularize 普及，推广finalize 使.了结economize 节省，节约industrialize 工业化-less. a. = withoutjobless 失业的tireless 不倦的countless 数不清