Unit5　Rhythm语法北师大必修2

虚拟语气-高中英语语法精讲精练英语有三种语气：陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。其中虚拟语气用来表示说话人的一种与事实相反的主观愿望、猜测、建议或假想等。虚拟语气可分为三种: 1）一般虚拟 2）混合虚拟 3）特殊句式。一一般虚拟的构成：(1). 对现在的虚拟：If S. did/were sth., Swould/could/shoulddoIf I had time, I would attend the meeting. If I were you, I would seize the chance to go abroad.(2) 对过去的虚拟：If Shadp.p, S would/could/should havep.p If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the exam.(3) 对将来的虚拟： If Sdid/were/shoulddo/were to do, Swould/should/coulddo sth. If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting. If it were to rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off. If he should not come tomorrow, we should put off the meeting till next day.二. 混合虚拟：（1）不同时间的虚拟：If he had listened to me, he would not be in trouble now. If he had told me yesterday, I should know what to do now.(2) 虚拟与陈述的混合：He could have passed the exam, but he wasnt careful enough.You should have come earlier, the bus left a moment ago.三. 特殊句式：(1).suggest, advise, recommend, propose, order, command, request, require, demandthat clause (should do/do )He suggested that we (should) save money for the future。(2) It is suggested/advised/ordered/requested/required that clause(should do/do)(主语从句)(3) My advice/suggestion/request/requirement is that-clause (should do /do) （表语从句）His suggestion/advice/request/requirement that clause(should do/do ) is. （同位语从句）(4) It is natural/necessary/strange that-clause (should do/do)表惊奇、怀疑、惋惜、不满、理应如此等。Its strange that he should have missed the train. （表竟然）It is important that we should learn from others.（表理应如此）It is a pity that he should not go with us.(表惊讶、惋惜)、（5）wish that clause (did/were 与现在相反)wish that clause (would/could/might do与将来相反)wish that clause ( had done 与过去相反)I wish I could go with them tomorrow.I wish I had never met him.(6) It is (high/about) time clause (did )It is (high/about) time we went home.(7) would rather clause (did 与现在或将来相反)；（had done 与过去相反）I would rather you came tomorrow. I would rather you hadnt told her the news.(8) If only clause ( did/were与现在相反) (would/could/might do与将来相反)( had done 与过去相反) 要是。就好了If only he would come tomorrow! If only I had taken her advice!If only I were ten years younger! 文章正文(9) as if clause (did/were 与现在相反) (would/could/might do与将来相反)( had done 与过去相反) . as if/though从句若情况属实，用陈述语气。否则用虚拟语气。It looks as if its going to rain.She treats Kate as if she were her own daughter.They talked as if they had been friends for years. (10). 在if引导的虚拟语气的条件句中，如果谓语动词含有were,或had, should, would等，有时可将if省略，将条件句中were,或had, should, would提到主语之前。 Eg. Were I (=If I were) you, I would make more notes. Had you (= If you had) invited us, we would have come. (11) would like/was/were to have done somethingI would like to have attended the party, but one of my friends came to see me.(12) without/but for n.= if it were not for n./if it hadnt been for n. (otherwise后从句同)I would not have passed the exam without your help.(=if it hadnt been for your help)虚拟语气巩固练习：1. The plant is dead. I _ more water. A. will give B. would have given C. must give D. should have given2. I insist that a doctor _ immediately. A. has been sent for B. send for C. will be sent for D. be sent for3. If you the doctors advice, you would have already recovered. A. follow B. followed C. would follow D. had followed4. I wish I _ you yesterday. A. seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to see5. What would you have done last night, if you written your homework. A. hadnt B. havent had C. didnt have D. hadnt had6. -Did you catch the plane? -No, if I had hurried, I . A. would B. would have C. could D. did7. Without electricity human life _ quite different today. A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be8. - We could have walked to the station, it was so near. -Yes, a taxi _ at all necessary. A. wasnt B. hadnt been C. wouldnt D. wont be9. If you early tomorrow morning, you would be there by noon. A. have started B. were start C. were to start D. had started10. Tom ought not to _ me your secret, but he meant no harm. A. have told B. tell C. be telling D. having told11. -If he _, he _ that food. - Luckily he was sent to hospital immediately. A. was warned, would not take B. had been warned, would not have taken C. would be warned, had not taken D. would have been warned, had not taken12. - Are you thinking about going to Dalian for the vacation? -No, but if I time, I very glad to go there. A. have, will be B, had had, would have been C. had, would be D. had had, would be13. If you George, would you please tell him to ring me? A. saw B. were to C. have seen D. see14. You didnt let me drive. If we _ in turn, you _ so tired. A. drove, didnt get B. drove, wouldnt get C. were driving, wouldnt get D. had driven, wouldnt have got15. I am sure he hasnt sent the letter. If he it, I it. A. sent, got B. sent, have got C. sent, would go D. had sent, would have got 16. The two strangers talked as if they _ friends for years. A. should be B. would be C. have been D. had been17. Janes pale face suggested that he _ ill, and her parents suggested that she _ a medical examination. A. be, should have B. was, have C. should be, had D. was, has18. _ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge. A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will19._ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often. A. If it is not B. Were it not C. Had it not been D. If they were not20. There was a lot of fun at yesterdays party. You _ come, but why didnt you? A. must have B. should C. need have D. ought to have21. I should have been there, but I _ not find the time. A. would B. could C. might D. should22. If he _ quietly as the doctor instructed, he wouldnt suffer so much now. A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie23. How I wish every family _ a large house with a garden. A. has B. had C. will have D. had had24. I thought you _ like something to read , so I have brought you some books. A. might B. may C. could D. must25. There was plenty of time. She _. A. neednt have hurried B. couldnt have hurried C. must not hurry D. mustnt have hurried26. It was necessary that he about what had happened. A. be told B. was told C. should tell D. tell27. It was strange that we short of water in the country where it was always raining. A. are B. be C. should be D. both B and C28. You any difficulty now, if you had made a more careful plan. A. wont meet with B. would not meet with C. would not have met with D. have not met with29. -You should have gone to the show with us yesterday. It is very good. -I wished I , but I was busy with my report. A. would have B. did C. had D. were30. - Would you have told him the answer, if possible? -Yes, I would have, but I very busy. A. had been B. were C. was D. would be31. If only I his advice, but I am sorry I did. A. would not take B. would not have taken C. did not take D. had not taken32. It is time we to the concert. A. went B, go C. will go D. should go33. -Id like to get a job in that computer shop. -I would much rather you _at home and _ care of the children. A. stay, take B. stayed, took C. should stay, took D. stayed, take34. If we _ birth control earlier, China _ such a large population. A. had begun, wouldnt have B. had begun, wouldnt have had C. began, wouldnt have D. should begin, wouldnt have had35. They treats the granny as if she _ their own mother. A is B. was C. were D. had been36. -What do you think of the food here? -Oh, wonderful! We _ a better place. A. wont find B. mustnt have found C. cant find D. couldnt have found37. We _ last night, but we went to the concert instead. A. must have studied B. might study C. should have studied D. would study38. It was suggested that the match _ because of the weather. A. would be put off B. should put off C. must be put off D. be put off39.If only I _ to your advice and returned home in time. A. listened B. had listened C. would listen D. would have listened40. _, there would be no industry. A. Without steel B. If there is not steel C. There would be no steel D. If there was not steel41.-Would you like to go to the cinema tonight? -I wish I _, but I _ study for a test. A. had, will have to B. would, had to C. did, have to D. could, have to42. He spoke as if he _ in space at that moment. A. had walked B. were walking C. would walk D. walked43. I would do it in a different way _ it. A. were I do B. were I to do C. should I to do D. had I done44. But for his help, they _ over the mountain in such a short time. A. had not run B. have not run C. couldnt have run