初中英语代词的用法.doc

中考复习语法讲解之代词的用法一人称代词 1. 形式 人称代词的五种基本形式：人称单复数主 格宾 格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词第一人称单 数Imemyminemyself复 数weusouroursourselves第二人称单 数youyouyouryoursyourself复 数youyouyouryoursyourselves第三人称单 数hehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfitititsitsitself复 数theythemtheirtheirsthemselves2. 人称代词的基本用法：主格：用作句子的主语，放在动词前（疑问句式放在特殊动词后）；e.gShe lives in Toronto, Canada. Does he speak English?宾格：用作句子的宾语，放在动词或介词后；e.gYesterday my mother bought me a new bike.I usually go to movies with her on weekends.形容词性物主代词：用作句子的定语，之后必须带名词；e.gThis is my book. Thats his book.名词性物主代词：相当于一个名词词组，之后不能带名词e.gHis book is much newer than mine(= my book).反身代词：一般放在动词后，要求同主语人称一致。e.gShe teaches herself English 考点要求 1. 人称代词填空时的方法（步骤）-四步推断法确定应用形式 看其后是否有名词，如有则用形容词性物主代词，如无则考虑其余形式；e.gWhere does _ friend come from? A. you B. your C. yourself D. yours 2. 反身代词的正确写法（单复数的判断）以及所属关系的表示：（1）在使用反身代词时，应注意根据句中的某些词语推断其单复数形式，并注意其正确写法。e.gPlease help _ to some cakes, children.A. youB. yourselfC. yourselvesD. your（2）在说明“某人自己的”时，不能用反身代词加所有格符号表示，而应用“形容词性物主代词+own+名词”表示。e.g错：He drove himselfs car to go camping last Sunday.对：He drove his own car to go camping last Sunday.（复合不定代词） 二、复合不定代词 由some; any; no; every和body; thing; one构成的合成词 考点要求1. 自身的意义以及对句式的要求：构成复合不定代词的两个部分分别表示不同的意义和对句式的要求以及考虑其表人还是表物。body用来表人；thing用来表物；one既可表人也可表物。some表示“某”，用于肯定陈述句或用情态动词引导的问句中；any表示“某”，用于否定句或问句；no表示“没有”，用于肯定句说明否定意义；every表示“每一”，用于肯定句或问句。 注意，当某些疑问句表示请求、建议等肯定意义时，用some不用any: Would you like some tea? 想喝点茶吗？ 2. 主谓一致性关系：复合不定代词任何时候都看为单数，作主语时，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。e.g错：Everybody in our class are interested in English.对：Everybody in our class is interested in English. 3. 定语后置关系：对复合不定代词进行修饰的词语必须后置放在它的后面。e.g错：I have important something to tell you.对：I have something important to tell you. 4. none和其它复合不定代词的用法区别：none在句中不能单独作主语，但可同of连用带名词一起作主语；其它复合不定代词可单独作主语，但不能同of连用。e.g错：He is new here, so none knows him.对：He is new here, so no one knows him.错：Nobody of them has been to England before.对：None of them has been to England before. 5. 代换复合不定代词的人称代词：在使用人称代词代换复合不定代词时，应考虑其表人还是表物，表人时，用they代换，表物时，用it代换。e.gSomething is wrong with your computer, isnt it?Nobody has been there before, have they?6修饰可数词 many few 表否定意义 a few 表肯定意义 修饰不数名词 much little 表否定意义 a little 表肯定意义 用little, a little, few, a few填空: 1.I often stay at home because I have _ friends here. 2.Jim,dont go and get some water. There is _ water in the glass. 3.Though he learned French only _ weeks. He can speak very well. 4.Lily had _ bread because she was hungry yesterday. 7不定代词: something, anything, nothing. 当形容词修饰这三个不定代词时，常后置。 如：something new Theres _ in todays newspaper. 中考题 A. important anything B. important something C. anything important D. something important(不定代词）三不定代词 用于代换上文中可数名词的all, both, each, either, none, neither ( every)等表示不定概念的词语 考点要求1. 考虑表示“两者”还是“两者以上”：选用不定代词时，首先应根据上下文的关联以及句中某个关键词语对不定代词的限制，考虑其说明“两者”还是“两者以上”的人或物。如说明“两者”，选用both、either、each或neither。如说明“两者以上”，选用all、（every）、each或none。e.g.The twin sisters are both good at math.None of the students in our class wants to go there.2. 考虑表示肯定还是否定：选用不定代词时，还应根据句子意义考虑应该使用表肯定的词语还是表否定的词语。如说明肯定，使用all、both、either、each或（every）。如说明否定，使用neither或none。e.g.None of us wants more because we are all full.3. 考虑作限定词使用时同名词的关系：除none以外的不定代词都可用作限定词，其后所带的名词应考虑使用适当的形式。all可带复数可数名词或不可数名词；both只能带复数可数名词；either、neither、each、every只能带单数可数名词。不定代词作限定词使用时，用来表示总量关系，为前位限定词，应放在整个名词词组的最前面，其中all、both可同中位限定词和数词连用，但either、neither、each、every作限定词时，同其余限定词相排斥。e.gAll the students in our class are going to take part in the sports meeting.Every boy in our class is going swimming this afternoon.4. 考虑作主语时主谓一致性关系：不定代词作主语时，应考虑其说明单数还是复数，以便确定谓语动词是否应使用第三人称单数形式（-s形式）以及be动词使用单数还是复数。both和all作主语时，看作复数，谓语动词不用-s形式，be动词用复数形式；either、each、neither单独作主语时，看作单数，谓语动词用-s形式，be动词用单数形式；either、each、neither、none同of一起构成词组作主语时，如of后带人称代词，一般将其看为单数，如of后带复数名词，既可看为单数，也可看作复数（初中英语中常看作单数）。e.gAll of the students are going hiking next weekend.Both of the twin brothers have been there several times.None of them is going to the movie tonight.Neither of the boys is / are going to watch the football match this afternoon.5、不定代词作同位语时的位置关系：不定代词作主语同位语时，应放在谓语动词前，特殊动词（情态动词、助动词）后；作宾语同位语时，应紧跟在宾语后。e.gThe students all went to the movie except Mike.We will all go to Beijing for vacation this summer.Its necessary for us all to learn English well.Then mix it all up.(other的用法）四、other的用法：other, another, others, the other, the others的用法区别 基本用法other： other+ 复数名词（ other students ）another： . another +单数名词, “另一个”(数目不清楚) the other： The other +复数名词= the others “其他的人或物” （指确定范围内剩下的全部） others (别人) 其后不能带名词，代换上文中提及的可数名词（复数，泛指） the others：代词，其后不能带名词，代换上文中提及的可数名词（复数，定指）；考点要求 注意两个句式、一个搭配和两个区别1、两个句式的用法（1）One the other 一个 另一个注意：使用该句式时，其前应出现说明具体数量的数词two；如出现的数词大于two，one可以根据实际情况调整成其它数词；如出现的数词减去one或调整后的数词后仍大于“1”时，the other应变为the others或“the other + 数词”（两个数词相加应等于所给数词）。e.gThere are two apples here. One is for you, the other is for your sister.There are five apples here. Two are for you, the others are for your sister.There are five apples here. Two are for you, the other three are for your sister.（2）Some others 一些 另一些注意：使用该句式时，其前应出现说明不定数量的词语；如出现说明具体数量的数词，others前应加上the。e.gThere are many people on the beach. Some are swimming, others are enjoying the sun.Mrs. Smith bought 25 books. Some were for her daughter, the others were for her son.2、一个搭配：any同other连用时应注意之点： Any others：any同单一的other连用，other应使用others； Any other + 单数名词：any后如还带有名词，用other，名词用单数； Any of结构：any of后的other前应加the，如含名词用other，名词用复数；如不含名词，用others。e.gOf all the cities in China, Shanghai is bigger than any others.Of all the cities i