英语人名、地名翻译.doc

The fact that you can look up words in a dictionary can be traced to a man named Noah Webster. He produced the first dictionary of American English.Noah Webster was a person who loved words. He was born in West Hartford, Connecticut, in 1758. Webster studied at Yale and later became a teacher and a writer. In 1782 Webster was teaching at an elementary school in Goshen, New York. He saw that the school-books he was using had left out something he felt was important. The books Webster had to use in his teaching came from England. These books were just fine for teaching English children. But they paid no attention to American culture. Remember, the United States had only just won its independence from England. Americans still educated their children the same way the British did. Noah Webster wanted to give his students an education that was strongly American. To do this, in 1783 he published a spelling book for schoolchildren. Its full title was The American Spelling Book. The spelling guide became very popular. Over the years, it sold more than a hundred million copies. Copies were still being sold during much of the 1900s. The spelling book gave Webster the idea for a dictionary of American word usage. Webster published his first dictionary in 1806. It was called the Compendious Dictionary of the English Language. Webster wanted this book to help set rules of American spelling. It contained only about a thousand words. In writing his first dictionary, Webster was preparing for something grander. In 1807 he began work on An American Dictionary of the English Language. Webster was seventy years old when he published the first edition of this important work in 1928. (289 words)人名、地名翻译方法外译汉Generally speaking, proper names should be transliterated, i.e., translated phonetically in Chinese characters. Peoples names are thus translated. But there are still problems.Isaac Newton 奈端Pushkin 普式庚Chekhov 柴霍甫 Chicago 诗家谷/之加哥1） 用字统一原则2） 约定俗成原则Bernard Shaw, 伯纳德萧 萧伯纳Pearl, S. Buck, 珀尔 赛珍珠 John Leighton Stuart 斯图亚特王 司徒雷登Marks Bethune 白求恩 Solomon 所罗门 Daniel 丹尼尔Steinbeck 斯坦贝克Holmes 福尔摩斯3） 名从主人原则姓氏顺序问题男女姓名差异Andy 安迪Maria 玛丽亚Catherine 凯瑟琳Hilary 希拉利 （里）Gale 盖尔（儿）地名翻译It is true that proper names should be transliterated, i.e., translated phonetically in Chinese characters. But there are exceptions, especially in translating geographical names. The Pacific OceanThe Black SeaThe Dead Sea,The Mediterranean SeaCape of Good HopeIcelandThe Netherlands (Holland)1） 音译: Pakistan,Chicago， Utah，MiamiTorontoLeeds约定：Greenwich 格林尼治 格林威治Birmingham 伯明翰 伯明厄姆 Illinois 伊利诺斯 伊利诺 Iowa 爱荷华，爱我华，衣阿华原语音Paris Germany Hiroshima简约MarylandScotland-ton: Washington, Burlington, -barrow, -borough, -burg: Hattiesburg-ford, Oxford, Hartford2） 释义：semantic translationRock Island, 石岛，Salt Lake City, Hot Springs, Little Rock City3） 音译与释义结合New Zealand,New EnglandNew GuineaNew York汉译外“就一般意义的翻译而言，处理文化词语有五种常见模式。直入式：源语文化词语直译或音译；如春卷：阻断式：源语文化词语被略去； 如翰林院大学士，a famous scholar诠释式：a. 提供相关背景进行解释； 如 东施效颦，Tung Shih imitating Hsi Shih, (Hsi Shih was a famous beauty in the ancient kingdom of Yieh. Tung shih was an ugly girl who tried to imitate her way) b. 提供特定语境含义，便于理解融合式：源语文化表达形式与译语表达形式融合，以一种新的语言形式进入译语； 如一石二鸟；桑拿浴；皮萨饼；归化式：用译语文化词语代替源语文化词语。 (李运兴, 2001:38-40)。 如班门弄斧：to teach the fish to swim3.1直入式(direct translation)该影片中有相当多的直入式翻译，但主要用在人、物、地的称谓翻译上。青冥剑The Green Destiny Sword 紫阴针Purple Yin needle “冀东铁鹰爪”宋明Iron Eagle Sung “飞天豹”李云Flying Cougar Li Yun. “铁臂神拳”米大彪Iron Arm Mi 江南鹤Southern Crane 这样做原因，首先这些专有名词的直译不会造成理解问题；其次，这些陌生的异域文化元素，可以给影片增加新鲜感，满足西方观众的猎奇心理和对东方文化的好奇心。我乃是潇洒人间一剑仙 I am the invincible sword goddess.青冥宝剑胜龙泉 armed with the incredible Green Destiny.任凭李俞江南鹤 Be you Li or Southern cran