MBA英语A4及答案.doc

.启用前绝密 2012年全国攻读工商管理硕士学位研究生入学考试 英语模拟A4试卷考生注意事项1 选择题的答案须用2B铅笔填涂在答题卡上，其它笔填涂的或做在试卷上的答案无效。2 其他题一律用蓝色钢笔或黑色钢笔或圆珠笔在答题纸上按规定要求作答，凡做在试卷上或未做在指定位置的答案无效。3 交卷时，请配合监考人员验收，并请监考人员在准考证相应位置签字（作为考生交卷的凭据）。否则，所产生的一切后果由考生自负。Section1 Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C,D on answer sheet1(10points).Poverty is the state for the majority of the worlds people and nations. Why is this? Is it enough to blame poor people for their own 1 ? Have they been 2 , made poor decisions, and been solely responsible for their plight（困境）? What about their governments? Have they pursued policies that actually 3 successful development? The answer is yes. Such causes of poverty and inequality are 4 doubt real. But deeper and more global causes of poverty are often 5 discussed.Behind the 6 interconnectedness promised by globalization are global decisions, policies, and practices. These are typically influenced, driven, or formulated by the rich and powerful. These can be leaders of rich countries or other global actors such as multinational corporations, institutions, and 7 people.In the face of such enormous 8 influence, the governments of poor nations and their people are often 9 . As a result, in the global context, a few get wealthy while the 10 struggle. What does it mean to describe a nation as “developing”? A lack of material wealth does not necessarily mean that one is 11 . A strong economy in a developed nation doesnt mean much when a significant 12 of the population is struggling to survive.In many cases, international politics and various interests have led to a 13 of available resources from domestic needs to western markets. Historically, politics and power play by the elite leaders and rulers have increased poverty and 14 . These have often manifested themselves in wars, hot and cold, which have often been trade and 15 related. Mercantilist practices, while presented as free trade, still happen today. Poverty is therefore not just an economic issue; it is also an issue of political economics.Most of humanity lives on just a few dollars a day. Whether you live in the 16 nations in the world or the poorest, you will see high levels of 17 . The poorest people will also have less access 18 health, education and other services. Problems of hunger, malnutrition and disease afflict the poorest in society. The poorest are also typically marginalized from society and have little representation or voice in public and political debates, making it even harder to escape poverty. 19 , the wealthier you are, the more likely you are to benefit from economic or political policies. The amount the world spends on military, financial bailouts(紧急救援) and other areas that benefit the wealthy, compared to the amount spent to address the daily crisis of poverty and related problems, are often 20 . 1. A. ecstasiesB. miseriesC. intentions D. probations2. A. industrialB. immenseC. lazyD. awkward3. A. facilitateB. implementC. sustainD. harm4. A. noB. withC. on D. off5. A. moreB. muchC. lessD. little6. A. diminishingB. improvingC. importingD. increasing7. A. majorityB. influentialC. differential D. prominent8. A. externalB. independentC. internalD. positive9. A. meaninglessB. powerlessC. anxious D. proficient10. A. minorityB. multitude C. majorityD. sophisticated11. A. bread B. derived C. thrivedD. deprived12. A. proportionB. transportationC. minorityD. brilliant13. A. assistance B. transferenceC. transformationD. transmission14. A. hostilityB. vanityC. dependencyD. struggle15. A. experimentalB. hatred C. weaponD. resource16. A. wealthiest B. historical C. developingD. prettiest17. A. povertyB. industrialization C. inequalityD. violence18. A. to B. of C. onD. for19. A. As a resultB. By contrastC. Moreover D. In response20. A. inspiringB. enduring C. stunning D. tolerating Section II Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40points)Text1The World Health Organization (WHO) is in trouble. Its leader is accused of failing to lead, and as the organization drifts, other bodies, particularly the World Bank, are setting the global health agenda. Western governments want the WHO to set realistic targets and focus its energy on tackling major killers such as childhood diseases and tobacco.The WHO clearly needs to set priorities. Its total budget of $0.9 billionaround 10p for each man, woman and child in the worldcannot solve all the worlds health problems. Yet its senior management does not seem willing to narrow the organizations focus. Instead it is trying to be all things to all people and losing dependability. Unfortunately, the argument for priority-setting is being seriously undermined by the US, one of the chief advocators of change. The US is trying to reduce its contribution to the WHOs regular budget from a quarter of the total to a fifth. That would leave the organization $20 million short this year, on top of the substantial debts the US already owes. The WHO may need priorities, but it certainly doesnt need budget cuts. Thanks to the USs failure to pay its bills, many of the poorer nations see priority-setting as merely a cover for cost-cutting that would hit their health programs hard. The WHO would not serve poorer countries any worse if it sharpened its focus. It would probably serve them better. In any case, a sharper focus should not mean that less money is needed. When the US demands cuts, it simply fuels disputes between the richer and poorer countries and gives the WHOs senior management more time to postpone. The American action is not confined to the WHO. It wants eventually to cut its contributions to the Food and Agriculture Organization and the International Labor Organization too. But it knows that dissatisfaction with the WHO and its leadership has made the organization vulnerable. If it wins against the WHO, the rest will lose out in their turn. Americas share of the budget is already a concession. Each nations contribution to the UN agencies is calculated according to its wealth, and by that measure the US should be paying about 28 per cent of the WHO budget. But over the past three decades the US has gradually reduced what it pays the organization. The US should not ask for further cuts. Until it pays its full share of money, it will hold back the organizations much needed reforms. The world needs the WHO. The World Bank may have a bigger budget, but it sees improved health as just one part of economic and social development. The WHO remains the only organization committed to health for all, regardless of wealth.21. According to the author, what is the main problem facing WHO? A. The World Bank is going to replace it. B. It is trying to do all things to all people. C. People are dissatisfied with its work. D. It lacks strong leadership.22. Which of the following can best characterize the US relating to the WHO matter?A It has stopped demanding WHO to reform. B It shows concern about WHO setting priorities.C It is trying to pay less to WHO. D It demands reshuffle of the WHO management.23. According to the author, the USs failure to pay its bill to WHO . A. directly hit the poorer nations health programs B. hindered the organization to function properly C. raised the concern of poorer nations that priority-setting is actually cost-cutting D. would eventually make the organization go broke24. What does “it wins against the WHO” mean (paragraph 6)？ A. The US succeeds in getting WHO to cut its budget. B. The US succeeds in cutting its contribution to WHO. C. WHO complies with the worlds demand of priority-setting. D. WHO gives in to the US demand to change its management.25. How much of the WHOs budget should the United States pay in terms of its wealth? A. A quarter. B. Over $20 million C. 28%. D. A fifth.Text 2In many ways, todays business environment has changed qualitatively since the late 1980s. The end of the Cold War radically altered the very nature of the worlds politics and economics. In just a few short years, globalization has started a variety of trends with profound consequences: the opening of markets, true global competition, widespread deregulation of industry, and an abundance of accessible capital. We have experienced both the benefits and risks of a truly global economy, with both Wall Street and Main Street (平民百姓) feeling the pains of economic disorder half a world away. At the same time, we have fully entered the Information Age. Starting breakthroughs in information technology have altered the ability to conduct business unconstrained by the traditional limitations of time or space. Today, its almost impossible to imagine a world without internets, e-mail, and portable computers. With stunning speed, the Internet is profoundly changing the way we work, shop, do business, and communicate. As a consequence, we have truly entered the Post-Industrial economy. We are rapidly shifting from an economy based on manufacturing and commodities to one that places the greatest value on information, services, support, and distribution. That shift, in turn, places an unprecedented premium on “knowledge workers,” a new class of wealthy, educated, and mobile people who view themselves as free agents in a sellers market. Beyond the realm of information technology, the accelerated pace of technological change in virtually every industry has created entirely new business, wiped out others, and produced a Pervasive(广泛的) demand for continuous innovation. New product, process, and distribution technologies provide powerful levers for creating competitive value. More companies are learning the importance of destructive technologiesinnovations that hold the potential to make a product line, or even an entire business segment, virtually outdated.Another major trend has been the fragmentation of consumer and business markets. Theres a growing appreciation that superficially similar groups of customers may have very different preferences in terms of what they want to buy and how they want to buy it. Now, new technology makes it easier, faster, and cheaper to identify and serve targeted micro-markets in ways that were physically impossible or prohibitively expensive in the past. Moreover, the trend feeds on itself, a businesss ability to serve sub-markets fuels customers appetites for more and more specialized offerings. 26. According to the first paragraph, the chances in the business environment in the past decades can be attributed to _.A technological advances B worldwide economic disorderC the fierce competition in industry D the globalization of economy27. What idea does the author want to convey in the second paragraph? A The rapid development of information technology has taken businessmen by surprise.B Information technology has removed time and space restrictions in business transactions.C The Internet, e-mail, and portable computers have penetrated every corner of the world.D The way we do business today has brought breakthroughs in information technology.28. If a business wants to thrive in the Post-Industrial economy, it _ A has to invest more capital in the training of free agents to operate in a sellers marketB should try its best to satisfy the increasing demands of mobile knowledgeable peopleC should not overlook the importance of information, services, support, and distributionD has to provide each of its employees with the latest information about the changing market 29. In the authors view, destructive technologies are innovations which _A can eliminate an entire business segment B demand a radical change in providing services C may destroy the potential of a company to make any profit D call for continuous improvement in ways of doing business 30. With the fragmentation of consumer and business markets _ A an increasing number of companies have disintegratedB manufacturers must focus on one special product to remain competitive in the market C it is physically impossible and prohibitively expensive to do business in the old way D businesses have to meet individual customers specific needs in order to succeed.Text 3In the college-admissions wars, we parents are the true fights. Were pushing our kids to get good grades, take SAT preparatory courses and build resumes so they can get into the college of our first choice. Ive twice been to the wars, and as I survey the battlefield, something different is happening. We see our kids college background as a prize demonstrating how well weve raised them. But we cant acknowledge that our obsession(痴迷) is more about us than them. So weve contrived （勉强） various justifications that turn out to be half-truths, prejudices or myths. It actually doesnt matter much whether Aaron and Nicole go to Stanford.We have a full-blown prestige panic; we worry that there wont be enough prizes to go around. Fearful parents urge their children to apply to more schools than ever. Underlying the hysteria(歇斯底里) is the belief that scarce elite degrees must be highly valuable. Their graduates must enjoy more success because they get a better education and develop better contacts. All that is plausibleand mostly wrong. We havent found any convincing evidence that selectivity or prestige matters. Selective schools dont systematically employ better instructional approaches than less selective schools. On two measuresprofessors feedback and the number of essay exams selective schools do slightly worse.By some studies, selective schools do enhance their graduates lifetime earnings. The gain is reckoned at 2-4% for every 100-poinnt increase in a schools average SAT scores. But even this advantage is probably a statistical fluke(偶然). A well-known study examined students who got into highly selective schools and then went elsewhere. They earned just as much as graduates from higher-status schools.Kids count more than their colleges. Getting into Yale may signify intelligence, talent and ambition. But its not the only indicator and, paradoxically, its significance is declining. The reason: so many similar people go elsewhere. Getting into college is not lifes only competition. In the next competitionthe job market and graduate schoolthe results may change. Old-boy networks are breaking down. Princeton economist Alan Krueger studied admissions to one top Ph.D. program. High scores on the GRE helped explain who got in; degrees of prestigious universities didnt.So, parents, lighten up. The stakes have been vastly exaggerated. Up to a point, we can rationalize our pushiness. America is a competitive society; our kids need to adjust to that. But too much pushiness can be destructive. The very ambition we impose on our children may get some into Harvard but may also set them up for disappointment. One study found that, other things being equal, graduates of highly selective schools experienced more job dissatisfaction. They may have been so conditioned to being on top that anything less disappoints.31. Why dose the author say that parents are the true fighters in the college-admissions wars?A They have the final say in which university their children are to attend.B They know best which universities are most suitable for their children.C They have to carry out intensive surveys of colleges before children make an application.D They care more about which college their children go to than the children themselves.32. Why do parents urge their children to apply to more schools than ever?A They want to increase their childrens chances of entering a prestigious college.B They hope their children can enter a university that offers attractive scholarships.C Their children will have a wider choice of which college to go to.D Elite universities now enroll fewer students than they used to.33. What does the author mean by “kids count more than their colleges”Line1, para.4?A Continuing education is more important to a persons success.B A persons happiness should be valued more than their education.C Kids actual abilities are more important than their college background.D What kids learn at college cannot keep up with job market requirements.34. What does Kruegers study tell us?A Getting into Ph.D. programs may be more competitive than getting into college.B Degrees of prestigious universities do not guarantee entry to graduate programs.C Graduates from prestigious universities do not care much about their GRE scores.D Connections built in prestigious universities may be sustained long after graduation.35. One possible result of pushing children into elite universities is that _.A they earn less than their peers from other institutions B they turn out to be less competitive in the job marketC they experience more job dissatisfaction after graduation D they overemphasize their qualifications in job applicationText 4In 1784, five years before he became president of the United States, George Washington, 52, was nearly toothless. So he hired a dentist to transplant nine teeth into his jawhaving extracted them from the mouths of his slav