主谓一致讲解及练习附答案.doc

中国教育培训领军品牌 主谓一致【考纲说明】1）掌握主谓一致三大原则：语法一致、意义一致和就近一致原则2）学会分析句式，排除干扰，分清主谓，明了句子的主谓关系3）本专题以单项选择、单词拼写和词形转换的考查为主，分值为12分。【知识梳理】一、 定义：谓语受主语支配，须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这叫做主谓一致。主谓一致一般遵循三条原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则和就近一致原则。二、语法一致原则概念：即在谓语和主语在语法形式上取得一致。如：主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也采用复数形式。但须注意下列几种情况：1）以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 To start smoking is quite easy, but to give it up needs courage.开始吸烟很容易，但是要戒烟却需要勇气。Reading is learning. 读书就是学习。What you need most is to have a good sleep.你所需要的就是好好睡一觉。【注意】：由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式。但若表语是“复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构”时，主句的谓语动词用复数 。What I bought is three English books. 我买的是三本英语书。What I say and do are helpful for you. 我所说的和做的对你是有帮助的。2）由and 或both.and来连接并列主语时，谓语用复数。John and Ann are good friends. 约翰和安都是好朋友。Both Lucy and Lily are students。.露西和莉莉都是学生。【注意】：由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别被no, each, every， every and (every)， each and (each)， no and (no) ,或many a ， many a and (many a)， more than one, 修饰时，其谓语动词用单数形式。Each boy and each girl was given a new book. 每一个男孩和每一个女孩都给了一本书。More than one student is interested in the book.不止一个学生对这书感兴趣。3）如果主语后接 with,together with， along with， as well as, like, but, except, besides，including, no less than, rather than ,as much as，more than，等介词短语，其谓语动词单复数形式由主语单复数形式决定。An English teacher together with some students has climbed to the top of the mountain. 一位英语老师和几个学生已经爬到了山顶。She, like you and Tom, is very tall.像你和汤姆那样她很高。4）不定代词each, each one，either, neither 和由 some, any, no, every 构成的复合代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 Each of the students has a book. 每个学生都有一本书。5）“a lot of （lots of， plenty of， a head of， heaps of， the rest（majority） of ，some（many，anymore，most， all等）of+名词”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词的数要与of后面的名词（短语）保持一致。Some of the sugar is wet. 有些糖是湿的。Most of the students in our class are league. 我们班上大多数学生是团员。Half of the apples are given to the children.一半的苹果送给孩子们。6）“a number of+复数名词 ”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；“The number of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。A large number of buildings were burnt down.许多楼房被毁了。A number of trees are cut down. 许多树被砍倒了7）由“分数或百分数+of +名词（或代词）”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词的数要与of后面的名词（短语）保持一致。Two thirds of the country is dry or desert.这个国家的三分之二的地方气候干燥或者是沙漠地区。Two thirds of the people present are against the plan.在场的三分之二的人反对这个计划。More than 70 percent of the surface of our earth is covered by water.我们地球的70%的表面被水所覆盖。8） 如果主语是由“a kind of, 或this/that kind of, a series ( a species) of ，a pair of等 + 名词”构成谓语动词通常用单数形式。 This kind of men is dangerous.这种人是危险的。Is this kind of car made in Shanghai ?这种汽车是上海制造的吗？【注意】these/those kinds of复数名词作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。 Fifteen pairs of shoes are made each day. 每天能制作15双鞋。9）某些只有复数形式的名词（clothes， trousers, shorts, shoes, gloves.）作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。My shoes were worn out. 我的鞋子穿坏了。三、意义一致原则概念：意义一致原则，即谓语动词的单复数取决于主语所表达的内在涵义。用法：1）由 and 连接的两个名词，如果是指同一概念（即and 后无冠词），则谓语动词用单数形式。The manager and secretary is absent at the meeting.经理兼书记没有出席会议。The manager and the secretary are busy now.经理和书记现在都很忙。Their teacher and friend is Mr. Li.他们的老师和朋友是李先生。2）表示总称意义的形单意复的名词，如people, police, cattle 等作主语时，只当作复数看待，谓语在任何情况下都用复数。 The police are searching for a murderer in that mountain.警察正在山中搜寻一名杀人犯。3） 表示时间、距离、金钱等复数名词作主语，表达一个整体概念时，谓语用单数。 Twenty years has passed since he left his hometown. 他离开家乡20年了。 Five dollars is enough. 5美元就够了。4）以集体名词army, class, enemy, family, government, group, team，crew，crowd，public等集体名词作主语时，谓语应视其情况而用不同形式：当作主语被看作一个整体时，谓语用单数，如果被看成是其中的个体成员时，谓语就用复数。Our class is better than any other classes at playing basketball in our school. 在打篮球方面，我们班胜过我们学校的任何一个班。Our family is not poor any more. 我们家已经不再贫困了。【注意】population 单独使用作主语时，谓语动词用单数；而前面有some, most 或与分数、百分数连用作主语时，则谓语动词用复数形式。 Most of the population of the city are workers.这个城市人口的大多数是工人。The population in our country is very large, and eighty percent of the population are farmers. 我们国家人口众多，而80%的人口是农民。5） 数词作主语时，谓语用单数，但在四则运算中，表示加法和乘法时谓语动词单、复数均 可，表示减法和除法时必须用单数。 Ten is a round number. 十是个整数。Ten times five is/are fifty. 十乘五等于五十。6）表示数量的短语“one and a half名词复数”及“a单数名词anda half”作主语时，谓语用单数。 One and a half cakes are a good meal for the monkey. A cake and a half is a good meal for the monkey. 一个半蛋糕对猴子来说是一顿美餐。四、就近一致原则概念：就近一致原则，即谓语动词的数随最近的主语而定，又称为毗邻一致原则。用法：1）当or，either.or, neither.nor, not only.but also.，not.but.，whether.or.等连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词单复数取决于最靠近于它的名词或代词。 Not only the mother but also the children are there.不但母亲在那里，而且孩子们也在那里。2）在倒装句中如一个句子由there 或here引起，而主语又不止一个，谓语动词往往与最邻近的一个主语保持一致。 There is a desk,a table and three chairs in the room. 房间里有一张书桌，一张桌子和三把椅子.【趣味链接】符合就近原则的结构有there be, notbut, not onlybut also, oror, neithernor)记忆：就近有个人在叫卖，不是老头而是老太；不仅卖瓜而且卖菜，或者现钱或者放债，既没有车也不用秤，只要你笑她就白送。【经典例题】【例1】 【2011广东深圳 】 He, together with his parents _going to visit Shanghai in July. How about you? Im afraid I have to stay at home .A. are; on my own B. is, by myself C. is; by my own D. are; on myself 【解析】：B 主语后接together with时，谓语动词单复数形式由主语单复数形式决定， 而真正的主语是he。故选B【例2】【2011四川资阳】Each of the girls here _ to the West Lake twice. A. have gone B. have been C. has gone D. has been【解析】D 去过用have been，不定代词each 做主语谓语动词用单数。故选D 【例3】【2011河源】The number of teachers in our school _ greatly increased last term.A number of teachers in this school _from the countryside. A.was;is B.was;are C.were;are D.were;is 【解析】答案：B“a number of+复数名词 ”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；“The number of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 【例4】【2011广安市】 How much is the pair of shoes? Twenty dollars _ enough.A. is B. are C. am 【解析】A 【例5】【2011山东 】 - What can you see in the picture? - I can see a farm. And there _ a lot animals on it.A. is B. are C. will be D. be 【解析】B ，there be 句型，遵循就近原则，后面animals 为复数，故选B 【例6】【2011黑龙江齐齐哈尔】This is my twin sister, Lucy. Not only she but also I good at drawing.A. is B. am C. are 答案：B ，not only.but also.遵循就近原则，I 与am 连用，故选B 【例7】【2011 湖南衡阳 】Do you like your new Tshirt? Yes. Not only I but also my mother _ it. A. likes B. like C. doesnt like 答案：A， not only.but also.遵循就近原则，mother 为第三人称单数 【课堂练习】 A. 【2011江苏南通】Linda, with her parents,_ the Wolf Hill, and they will be back this afternoon. A. has gone to B. have gone to C. has been to D. have been to2. 【2011四川资阳】 Each of the girls here _ to the West Lake twice.A. have gone B. have been C. has gone D. has been3. 【2011乌鲁木齐】 There _ going to be a basketball match this afternoon.A. are B. is C. have D. Will4. 【2011广东深圳】 He, together with his parents _going to visit Shanghai in July. How about you? Im afraid I have to stay at home _ _.A. are; on my own B. is, by myself C. is; by my own D. are; on myself5.【2011湖南岳阳】There a football match on CCTV-5 at nine tomorrow evening.A. will have B. is going to be C. is having 6. 【2011广东河源】The number fo teachers in our school _ greatly increased last term. A number of teachers in this school _ from the countryside.2、 was; is B. was; are C. were; are D. were; is7.【2011齐齐哈尔】This is my twin sister, Lucy. Not only she but also I good at drawing.3. is B. am C. are 8.【2011四川广安】 How much is the pair of shoes? Twenty dollars _ enough.A. is B. are C. am 9.【2011浙江衢州】One of my friends _moved to America. I miss her so much.A. has B. have C. is D. are 10.【2011湖北黄冈】 Which would you like, tea or coffee?Either _ OK, but I prefer coffee _milk.A. is; with B. is; to C. are; with D. are; to11.【2011贵州铜仁】Neither my father nor my mother _ rock music. They think that its too _.A. like; noise B. likes; noise C. like; noisy D. likes; noisy12.【2011湖南衡阳】Do you like your new Tshirt?Yes. Not only I but also my mother _ it.1. likes B. like C. doesnt like13.【2011山东】- What can you see in the picture? - I can see a farm. And there _ a lot animals on it.A. is B. areC. will beD. Be14. 【2011湖北黄石】The head teacher with his students _Teanchengshan Park if it _tomorrow.A. is going to; isnt rainy B. are going to; isnt rainyC. is going to; wont rain D. are going to; doesnt rain 15.【2011广东】David, there _ a dictionary and some books on your desk. Please put them away.OK. Mum. Ill do it right away.A. isB. areC. has D. Have16. 【2011四川德阳】 Physics _ more difficult than Chinese, do you think so?- Yes, I think so.A. is B. are C. HasA. 【2011上海】 There _ still some milk in the fridge. Its not necessary to go to the store today.A. am B. is C. are D. Be【课后作业】 1.【2011四川绵阳】 The number of books in the bookshop is about 10,000 and a number of them about science.A. is B. was C. are D. Were2. 【2011四川凉山】Ten minutes ago, there _ an eraser, a pen and some books on the desk.A. was B. were C. is3. 【2011重庆江津】There only one doctor in the hospital today.A. isB. hasC. haveD. Are4. 【2011黑龙江龙】I cant afford the car, five thousand dollars _ too much for me.A. isB. areC. be5.【2011河北省】 There lots of people at the restaurant when 1 got there.A. is B. was C. are D. Were6How time flies! Ten years _ passed. A. have B. has C. is D. are7Not only his parents but also his brother _ to the Summer Palace. They havent been back. A. have been B. have gone C. has been D. has gone8Neither my father _ going to see the patient. A. nor I am B. nor I areC. or me are D. or me is9【2004包头】Look! There _ play