构建嵌入式 Linux 开发环境.docx

构建嵌入式 Linux 开发环境 V0.1基于 linux-3.0.3、binutils-2.21.1、glibc-2.13、glibc-ports-2.13、gcc-4.6.1、gmp-5.0.2、mpfr-3.0.1、mpc-0.9 构建。1.创建宿主机编译环境# apt-get install build-essential libncurses5-dev创建setbuildenv.sh脚本setbuildenv.sh+-setbuildenv.sh-+#!/bin/shexport PRJROOT=/home/mini/armexport TARGET=arm-linuxexport PREFIX=$PRJROOT/toolsexport TARGET_PREFIX=$PREFIX/$TARGETexport PATH=$PREFIX/bin:$PATH+-+$ source setbuildenv.sh$ cd$ mkdir arm$ cd $PRJROOT$ mkdir build-tools tools kernel$ cd $PRJROOT/build-tools$ mkdir build-binutils build-boot-gcc build-gcc build-glibc build-glibc-headers$ cd $PRJROOT/tools$ mkdir arm-linux2.安装内核头文件$ cd $PRJROOT/kernel$ wget /pub/linux/kernel/v3.0/linux-3.0.3.tar.gz$ tar xvf linux-3.0.3.tar.gz$ cd linux-3.0.3$ cp arch/arm/configs/s3c2410_defconfig ./.config$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux- menuconfig$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-$ mkdir -p $TARGET_PREFIX/include$ cp -r include/linux/ $TARGET_PREFIX/include$ cp -r include/asm-generic/ $TARGET_PREFIX/include$ cp -r arch/arm/include/asm/ $TARGET_PREFIX/include#$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-此步的目的是生成 include/linux/version.h 文件，而不是真正的编译，忽略所有错误。#3.编译 binutils$ cd $PRJROOT/build-tools$ wget /gnu/binutils/binutils-2.21.1.tar.gz$ tar xvf binutils-2.21.1.tar.gz$ cd build-binutils$ ./binutils-2.21.1/configure -target=$TARGET -prefix=$PREFIX$ make$ make install4.安装 glibc 头文件$ cd $PRJROOT/build-tools$ wget /pub/gnu/glibc/glibc-2.13.tar.gz$ wget /pub/gnu/glibc/glibc-ports-2.13.tar.gz$ tar xvf glibc-2.13.tar.gz$ tar xvf glibc-ports-2.13.tar.gz$ mv glibc-ports-2.13 ./glibc-2.13/ports$ cd build-glibc-headers$ ./glibc-2.13/configure -host=$TARGET -prefix=/usr -enable-add-ons -with-headers=$TARGET_PREFIX/include$ make cross-compiling=yes install_root=$TARGET_PREFIX prefix= install-headers#错误：+-+configure: error: GNU libc requires kernel header files from Linux 2.0.10 or later to be installed before configuring.+-+解决方法：在安装内核头文件的过程中，在设置好内核配置以后，没有使用相应的命令生成 include/linux/version.h 文件。$ cd $PRJROOT/kernel/linux-3.0.3/$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-$ cp -r include/linux/ $TARGET_PREFIX/include$ cp -r include/asm-generic/ $TARGET_PREFIX/include#错误：+-+/usr/bin/install: cannot stat /home/mini/arm/build-tools/build-glibc-headers/gnu/lib-names.h: No such file or directory+-+解决方法：方法一：$ su -# aptitude purge mawk# apt-get install gawk# exit$ cd $PRJROOT/build-tools/build-glibc-headers$ ./glibc-2.13/configure -host=$TARGET -prefix=/usr -enable-add-ons -with-headers=$TARGET_PREFIX/include$ make cross-compiling=yes install_root=$TARGET_PREFIX prefix= install-headers方法二：$ su -# apt-get install gawk# exit$ cd $PRJROOT/build-tools/build-glibc-headers$ vi config.make找到如下行：AWK = mawk将其修改为：AWK = gawk#5.安装 gcc 引导编译器$ cd $PRJROOT/build-tools$ wget /pub/gnu/gcc/gcc-4.6.1/gcc-4.6.1.tar.gz$ wget /gnu/gmp/gmp-5.0.2.tar.gz$ wget /mpfr-current/mpfr-3.0.1.tar.gz$ wget /mpc/download/mpc-0.9.tar.gz$ tar xvf gcc-4.6.1.tar.gz$ tar xvf gmp-5.0.2.tar.gz$ tar xvf mpfr-3.0.1.tar.gz$ tar xvf mpc-0.9.tar.gz$ mv gmp-5.0.2 ./gcc-4.6.1/gmp$ mv mpfr-3.0.1 ./gcc-4.6.1/mpfr$ mv mpc-0.9 ./gcc-4.6.1/mpc$ cd build-boot-gcc$ mkdir -p $TARGET_PREFIX/include/gnu$ touch $TARGET_PREFIX/include/gnu/stubs.h$ ./gcc-4.6.1/configure -target=$TARGET -prefix=$PREFIX -disable-shared -without-headers -with-newlib -enable-languages=c$ make all-gcc all-target-libgcc$ make install-gcc install-target-libgcc#错误：+-+./././gcc-4.6.1/libgcc/./gcc/gthr-posix.h:41:21: fatal error: pthread.h: No such file or directory+-+解决方法：如果没有安装 glibc 头文件，就开始安装 gcc 引导编译器，需要在 configure 后面加上 -disable-threads 选项。$ cd $PRJROOT/build-tools/build-boot-gcc$ ./gcc-4.6.1/configure -target=$TARGET -prefix=$PREFIX -disable-shared -disable-threads -without-headers -with-newlib -enable-languages=c#错误：+-+/home/mini/arm/tools/arm-linux/include/features.h:381:23: fatal error: gnu/stubs.h: No such file or directory+-+解决方法：$ mkdir -p $TARGET_PREFIX/include/gnu$ touch $TARGET_PREFIX/include/gnu/stubs.h#6.安装 glibc$ cd $PRJROOT/build-tools$ cd build-glibc$ CC=arm-linux-gcc ./glibc-2.13/configure -host=$TARGET -prefix=/usr -enable-add-ons -with-headers=$TARGET_PREFIX/include libc_cv_forced_unwind=yes libc_cv_c_cleanup=yes$ ln -s $PREFIX/lib/gcc/arm-linux/4.6.1/libgcc.a $PREFIX/lib/gcc/arm-linux/4.6.1/libgcc_eh.a$ make$ make install_root=$TARGET_PREFIX prefix= install#错误：+-+configure: error: forced unwind support is required+-+解决方法：在 configure 后面加上 libc_cv_forced_unwind=yes 选项。$ cd $PRJROOT/build-tools/build-glibc$ CC=arm-linux-gcc ./glibc-2.13/configure -host=$TARGET -prefix=/usr -enable-add-ons -with-headers=$TARGET_PREFIX/include libc_cv_forced_unwind=yes libc_cv_c_cleanup=yes#错误：+-+configure: error: the compiler must support C cleanup handling+-+解决方法：在 configure 后面加上 libc_cv_c_cleanup=yes 选项。$ cd $PRJROOT/build-tools/build-glibc$ CC=arm-linux-gcc ./glibc-2.13/configure -host=$TARGET -prefix=/usr -enable-add-ons -with-headers=$TARGET_PREFIX/include libc_cv_forced_unwind=yes libc_cv_c_cleanup=yes#错误：+-+./sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/sys/syscall.h:25:24: fatal error: asm/unistd.h: No such file or directory+-+解决方法：$ cd $PRJROOT/kernel/linux-3.0.3$ cp -r arch/arm/include/asm/ $TARGET_PREFIX/include#错误：+-+./ports/sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/arm/sigrestorer.S:30: Error: previous CFI entry not closed (missing .cfi_endproc)/tmp/cc9oYU9g.s: Error: open CFI at the end of file; missing .cfi_endproc directive+-+解决方法：$ cd $PRJROOT/build-tools/build-glibc$ vi ./glibc-2.13/ports/sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/arm/sigrestorer.S找到如下行：ENTRY(_default_sa_restorer)在其下添加：END(_default_sa_restorer)找到如下行：ENTRY(_default_rt_sa_restorer)在其下添加：END(_default_rt_sa_restorer)#错误：+-+/bin/sh: cannot create /home/mini/arm/build-tools/build-glibc/posix/config-name.h.new: Directory nonexistent+-+解决方法：$ cd $PRJROOT/build-tools/build-glibc$ mkdir posix#错误：+-+./sysdeps/unix/syscall-template.S:82: Error: CFI instruction used without previous .cfi_startproc+-+解决方法：$ cd $PRJROOT/build-tools/build-glibc$ vi ./glibc-2.13/sysdeps/unix/syscall-template.S找到如下行：#define T_PSEUDO(SYMBOL, NAME, N) PSEUDO (SYMBOL, NAME, N)在其上添加：#define PSEUDO(name, syscall_name, args) .text; ENTRY (name); DO_CALL (syscall_name, args); cmn r0, $4096;方法来源：./glibc-2.13/ports/sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/arm/sysdep.h#错误：+-+/home/mini/arm/tools/lib/gcc/arm-linux/4.6.1/././././arm-linux/bin/ld: cannot find -lgcc_eh+-+解决方法：$ ln -s $PREFIX/lib/gcc/arm-linux/4.6.1/libgcc.a $PREFIX/lib/gcc/arm-linux/4.6.1/libgcc_eh.a#错误：+-+./sysdeps/ieee754/dbl-64/s_fma.c:152:15: error: FE_TOWARDZERO undeclared (first use in this function)./sysdeps/ieee754/dbl-64/s_fma.c:152:15: note: each undeclared identifier is reported only once for each function it appears in./sysdeps/ieee754/dbl-64/s_fma.c:159:36: error: FE_INEXACT undeclared (first use in the function)+-+解决方法：$ cd $PRJROOT/build-tools/build-glibc$ vi ./glibc-2.13/sysdeps/ieee754/dbl-64/s_fma.c找到如下行：#include 在其下添加：#define FE_TOWARDZERO 0xc00000#define FE_INEXACT 16方法来源：./glibc-2.13/ports/sysdeps/arm/eabi/bits/fenv.h#错误：+-+./sysdeps/ieee754/dbl-64/s_fmaf.c:39:15: error: FE_TOWARDZERO undeclared (first use in this function)./sysdeps/ieee754/dbl-64/s_fmaf.c:39:15: note: each undeclared identifier is reported only once for each function it appears in./sysdeps/ieee754/dbl-64/s_fmaf.c:43:39: error: FE_INEXACT undeclared (first use in the function)+-+解决方法：$ cd $PRJROOT/build-tools/build-glibc$ vi ./glibc-2.13/sysdeps/ieee754/dbl-64/s_fmaf.c找到如下行：#include 在其下添加：#define FE_TOWARDZERO 0xc00000#define FE_INEXACT 16方法来源：./glibc-2.13/ports/sysdeps/arm/eabi/bits/fe